MRI ALL-IN-ONE Mock 2 Flashcards by Quinn Nguyen

During TOF imaging, a TR of _______ is used to saturate stationary non-flowing spins.

0-5 ms
200-500 ms
100+ ms
20-50 ms

20-50 ms

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During MRA sequences of the lower extremity, where is the best place to place saturation bands in order to null venous flow?

Inferior to a stack of slices
To the right of a stack of slices
To the left of a stack of slices
Superior to a stack of slices

Inferior to a stack of slices

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What is the most common medical emergency experiences within the field of diagnostic imaging?

Shock
Stroke
Syncope
Epilepsy

Syncope

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Which of the following is true in regards to gradient moment nulling (GMN)?

Most effective on slow laminar flow
All answers are correct
Uses either the slice-select gradient or frequency encoding gradient to rephrase flowing spins
Reduces intra-voxel dephasing

All answers are correct

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At 1.5T, FLAIR pulse sequences use an inversion time (TI) within an approximate range of ________ in order to null the signal from fluid.

2000-3500 ms
400-550 ms
1700-2200 ms
100-175 ms

1700-2200 ms

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What is the average systolic blood pressure?

140-160 mmHg
110-140 mmHg
60-80 mmHg
50-60 mmHg

110-140 mmHg

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All GRE sequences have some extent of T2* contrast within them.

True or false

True

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Faraday cages are composed of:

Tungsten
Niobium
Copper
Steel

Copper

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What tissue characteristic represents the time it takes for 63% of transverse magnetization to decay?

T2 decay
T1 relaxation
PD
T2* Decay

T2 decay

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Out of the 2 components of an image’s matrix, only the ___________ has a direct effect on time.

Frequency matrix
ETL
FOV
Phase matrix

Phase matrix

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Typically, when GMN is applied during the acquisition of coronal or sagittal images, the ___________ gradient is used to flow compensation.

Phase encoding
Both the phase encoding and the frequency encoding
Slice-select
Frequency encoding

Frequency encoding

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_________ can be used to null the signal from unwanted arterial/venous flow during contrast enhanced MRA.

Shims
Spatial saturation pulses
Chemical saturation pulses
Inversion pulses

Spatial saturation pulses

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If a patient’s heart rate is 120 beats per minute, how long would one R to R interval be?

550 ms
500 ms
50 ms
450 ms

500 ms

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The FDA limit for the strength of the static magnetic field when imaging infants UNDER one month of age is:

4T
3T
6T
8T

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In order to maintain resolution when applying multiplanar reconstruction, ________ voxels should be acquired during acquisition.

Large
Isotropic
Rectangular
Cylidrical

Isotropic

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What term represents the time it takes for a gradient to achieve the required gradient strength/slope?

Gradient slew rate
Gradient amplifier
Duty cycle
Gradient rise time

Gradient rise time

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What term describes the method used when only a portion of the echo is sampled?

Dixon technique
Fast fourier transform
Nyquist theorum
Partial echo technique

Partial echo technique

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What term best describes an infection or illness originating from a medical examination or treatment?

Nosocomial infection
Hospitalized pathogen
Iatrogenic infection
Institutional infection

Iatrogenic infection

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Areas of restricted diffusion appear _________ on ADC maps.

Dark
Bright
Isointense
Hyperintense

Dark

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The dephasing of precessing spins due to magnetic field inhomogeneities is referred to as:

Field prime
T1 prime
T2 prime
Longitudinal relaxation

T2 prime

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Out-of-phase imaging results in _________outlines around structures where fat and water interface.

Bright
Isointense
Hyperintense
Hypointense

Hypointense

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Partial volume averaging is caused by:

All answers are correct
Small matrix
Thick slices
Large FOV

All answers are correct

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What type of pulse sequence maintains partial longitudinal and transverse magnetization at all times?

Steady state
Fast GRE
Balances GRE
EPI

Steady state pulse sequences

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What term describes extravasation that involves large amounts of contrast agents?

Infiltration
Compartment syndrome
Systemic reaction
NSF

Compartment syndrome

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What energy field is used primarily to spatially encode data obtained during acquisition? Gradient magnetic field Electrical field RF field Main magnetic field

Gradient magnetic field

What type of pulse sequence poses the greatest concern for causing TVMF biological effects? FSE EPI Conventional gradient echo (CGE) Conventional spin echo (CSE)

EPI

At what distance should attached intravenous catheter bags be hung above the IV insertion site? 6-8 inces 30-36 inches 18-24 inches 10-12 inches

18-24 inches

The short waiting period following each R phase is referred to as the: Trigger window R phase delay R phase window Trigger delay

Trigger delay

Which two areas of the body are very sensitive to RF due to their inability to dissipate heat effectively? Extremities and the torso Heart and the liver Gonads and the liver Lenses of the eyes and the gonads

Lenses of the eyes and the gonads

The T2 decay time of fat is approximately: 200 ms 2000 ms 2500 ms 100 ms

100 ms

What term represents the ability of the imaging system to detect two points as separate and distinguishable? Slice thickness Contrast to noise (CNR) Signal to noise (SNR) Spatial resolution

Spatial resolution

What area should be scanned when looking for a Chiari malformation? Craniocervical junction Mandible Sacroiliac joint Knee

Craniocervical junction

The Y axis of k-space is named the frequency axis. True or false

False

A ________ is a contaminated inanimate object that can serve as the means of spreading infection. Fomite Animal Sneeze Aerosol

Fomite

What plane(s) best demonstrates the pituitary gland? Coronal and axial Axial Coronal and sagittal Sagittal

Coronal and sagittal

The 5 Gauss line is commonly contained within the MR scan room through the use of: A voltmeter A cryostat A Faraday cage Magnetic shielding

Magnetic shielding

Which of the following statements is true in regards to oxygen? A physician order is needed for the administration of oxygen Oxygen supports combustion and may be a risk to fire safety All answers are correct Oxygen is considered a drug

All answers are correct

What factor has an affect on 3D image acquisition time, but has no effect on 2D image acquisition time? TR NSA Phase encodings Slice number

Slice number

What equation can be used to calculate the Sat TR needed when applying a chemical suppression technique? of slices / TE # of slices / TR TE / # of slices TR / # of slices

TR / # of slices

Gadolinium based paramagnetic contrast agents can cross breakdowns in the blood-brain-barrier. True or false

True

Which of the following is a possible disadvantage of using a GE pulse sequence? Increased magnetic susceptibility artifacts All answers are correct Dephasing due to magnetic field inhomogeneity Loud gradient noise

All answers are correct

What ratio of compressions to breaths should be applied when only one person is performing CPR? 10 compressions / 2 breaths 30 compressions / 2 breaths 15 compressions / 2 breaths 40 compressions / 2 breaths

30 compressions / 2 breaths

Using a 3T scanner, the precessional frequency of hydrogen is approximately: 42.6 MHz 85.2 MHz 63.8 MHz 127.8 MHz

127.8 MHz

Ideal O2 saturation levels typically fall into what range? 80-100% 70-100% 80-90% 95-100%

95-100%

Which of the following most accurately represents a CSE pulse sequence? 90-180 180-90-90 90-180-180-180 180-90-80-180

90-180

The T1 relaxation time of water is approximately: 2500 ms 200 ms 100 ms 2000 ms

2500 ms

In the above image, the arrow is pointing at the: IACs Internal acoustic meatus Semicircular canals Occipital lobe

Semicircular canals

Normal GFR is _________. 90ml/min/1.73m2 or higher 90ml/min/1.73m2 or lower 60ml/min/2.88m2 or higher 80ml/min/2.88m2 or lower

90ml/min/1.73m2 or higher

During a steady state pulse sequence, if two excitation pulses with variable degree flip angles are applied, a ________ is created. Stimulated echo Larmor echo Conventional echo Hann echo

Stimulated echo

The legal doctrine Respondeat Superior can be described by the phrase: The thing speaks for itself Let the employee answer Let the master answer The master speaks for itself

Let the master answer

After 3D volume acquisition, what type of pose processing technique allows image reformation in any plane? Digital subtraction Multiplanar reconstruction Maximum intensity projection Apparent diffusion coefficient mapping

Multiplanar reconstruction

The FDA limit for the strength of the static magnetic field when imaging adults and infants OVER one month of age is: 6T 4T 3T 8T

When using an effective TR of 1000 ms and a trigger window of 10% how long does the system stop acquiring data to detect the next R phase? 10 ms 50 ms 100 ms 5 ms

100 ms

The most important element needed to maintain a safe MRI environment is: Nursing staff Screening Charting Education

Education

What is the imaging option that increases the number phase encodings performed in the phase direction? GMN Anti-aliasing Rectangular FOV Acquisition time

Anti-aliasing

Which of the following directly results as ETL increases? T2 weighting increases No answers are correct T2 weighting decreases T2* weighting decreases

T2 weighting increases

Gradient echo pulse sequences use _______ to rephrase the FID? Multiple 180 degree RF pulses The slice-select gradient A single 180 degree RF pulse The frequency encoding gradient

The frequency encoding gradient

The FDA SAR limit for torso exams is: 8 W/kg over 15 minutes 8 W/kg over 5 minutes 6 W/kg over 5 minutes 4 W/kg over 15 minutes

8 W/kg over 5 minutes

Which of the following is an imaging option that applies an extra 90 degree RF pulse prior to the alpha pulse in order to null the signal from user-specified areas of unwanted anatomy? Fat saturation pulse Spatial saturation pulse Chemical saturation pulse Water saturation pulse

Spatial saturation pulse

At 3T, the precessional frequency difference between fat and water is: 400 Hz 147 Hz 220 Hz 440 Hz

440 Hz

Discussing confidential medical information with a coworker that does not have a need-to-know is known as: Slander Invasion of privacy Negligence Defamation

Invasion of privacy

Which equation is used to calculate the length of one R to R interval? BPM / 80,000 ms BPM / 60,000 ms 80,000 ms / BPM 60,000 ms / BPM

60,000 ms / BPM

The ________ is the innermost layer of instrumentation within the gantry. RF coil Main magnet Gradient coil Shim coil

RF coil