Special Populations Flashcards
During a severe illness or hospitalization, a child sometimes moves backward in development. What is another term for this? Behavior Developmental task Regression Emotional issue
Regression
Which of the following is true of pediatric patients?
Pediatric patients include infants through 12 years of age.
Families are typically not a big part of a pediatric patient’s support system.
Pediatric patients are just like “little adults.”
They have special needs and must be cared for differently than adults.
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They have special needs and must be cared for differently than adults.
Which of the following is an appropriate time reference for young children? Later At 8:00 tonight Before bed At 8:00 PM
Before bed
At what age in social development do children show a preference for gender-specific toys? Infant Toddler Early childhood Middle childhood
Toddler
Which of the following is most important when caring for pediatric patients? Developing a friendship Staying focused on clinical tasks Age-appropriate communication Setting clear boundaries
Age-appropriate communication
What is a congenital disease?
A disease that is present at birth
A disease that is caused by the environment
A highly contagious disease
Developmental problems caused by poor parenting
A disease that is present at birth
What is one way a pediatric unit is set up?
By type of illness or age of patient
By behavior of the patients
By whether or not the child is covered by insurance
By size of patient
By type of illness or age of patient
Which set of skills allows children to have greater coordination and balance? Mental skills Developmental skills Physiological skills Motor skills
Motor skills
Epilepsy creates electrical "bursts" in the brain that cause \_\_\_\_. hemorrhages strokes seizures cardiac arrest
seizures
Which of the following is NOT true?
Developmental problems are caused by poor parenting
Cerebral palsy involves muscle weakness and poor muscle control.
Spina bifida may require surgery to prevent damage to the spinal cord.
Many children with Down Syndrome have heart defects.
Developmental problems are caused by poor parenting
What becomes inflamed and obstructed during an asthma attack? Lungs Bronchial tubes Nasal cavity Esophagus
Bronchial tubes
Which of the following is true?
Most children are comfortable sleeping in a darkened hospital room.
Speak to adolescents in the same way that you would speak to adults.
School-age children are not typically able to reason and communicate logically.
Make as many decisions as possible for children, so that they can keep their mind off of where they are.
Speak to adolescents in the same way that you would speak to adults.
What is the definition of a biological parent?
The person who has legally assumed responsibility for parenting.
The person who assumes the parenting role by marrying a child’s parent.
The person who carries out parenting duties under authority of a legal agency.
The birth parent.
The birth parent.
Which of the following is true of adolescent emotional development? Comfortable with their bodies Confident Seek to establish their identities Disinterested in physical appearance
Seek to establish their identities
Which person is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa? A 16-year old girl A 52-year old woman A 14-year old boy A 27-year old man
A 16-year old girl
Which of the following is NOT true of pediatric patients?
These patients need to feel safe and secure.
Health care workers are responsible for children’s needs when they are hospitalized.
Children’s only basic needs are to be fed and physically cared for.
Each child is different and will have slightly different needs.
Children’s only basic needs are to be fed and physically cared for.
Pollen, certain foods, medications, and bee stings can all cause which of the following? Internal bleeding Allergic reaction Nausea and diarrhea Sleepiness
Allergic reaction
Which is a correct description of early childhood emotional development? Independent and logical Unsure and frustrated Neutral and passive Confident and secure
Unsure and frustrated
What should health care workers do if they suspect that a patient has been abused?
Interrogate the patient
Ignore the situation
Notify the proper authorities
Notify the proper authorities
How can you help a resident who is having trouble sleeping?
Prepare soup and a sandwich for the resident
Help the patient take a cold shower
Turn extra lights on
Give the patient a back rub
Give the patient a back rub
What factor(s) determine whether a person is “old”?
The age of the person
The way a person thinks, feels, and acts
A person’s appearance
The number of visits to medical facilities and medications taken
The way a person thinks, feels, and acts
How is the cardiovascular system affected by aging?
The heart becomes more flexible
Fibrous tissue replaces muscle tissue
Output of the heart increases dramatically
The valves of the heart become thin and porous
Fibrous tissue replaces muscle tissue
Which aspect of intellectual development may decline in late adulthood? Wisdom Faith and spirituality Memory Sensory abilities
Memory
Which is a correct description of patients in assisted living facilities?
Patients who are still able to care for themselves
Patients who need rehabilitation
Patients who are in the terminal stage of life
Patients who have chronic conditions
Patients who are still able to care for themselves
Which of the following is NOT appropriate for meals in a long-term care facility? Be easy to chew and digest Include complex carbohydrates Have decreased amounts of sugar and fat Contain high amounts of cholesterol
Contain high amounts of cholesterol
What happens to elderly people as their immune systems wear down?
They become more susceptible to illness.
They lose interest in daily activities.
Their bone mass decreases.
Their speech becomes slow and slurred.
They become more susceptible to illness.
An elderly resident, Mrs. Smith, has been very angry and hostile with staff lately. What can you do to help Mrs. Smith?
Just focus on your tasks and avoid talking with Mrs. Smith.
Complain out loud when you are assigned to Mrs. Smith.
Be kind while assisting her and try to talk to her about her frustrations.
Be overly cheerful and kind to let her know that she cannot dampen your mood.
Be kind while assisting her and try to talk to her about her frustrations.
Who usually decides which types of activities are suitable for a resident's needs? The resident Medical assistants Physicians Recreational therapists
Recreational therapists
How does the brain compensate for the decline of body functions?
By creating new synapses
By redirecting blood flow to vital organs
By decreasing pain
By reducing comprehension
By creating new synapses
Muscle atrophy can cause which of the following? Increase in infection and illness Wrinkles and white hair Behavior changes Decrease in strength
Decrease in strength
What is the purpose of an ombudsman?
To assist residents with legal and financial needs
To oversee the quality of local long-term care facilities
To provide for the social and spiritual needs of residents
To create safety plans for emergency situations at long-term care facilities
To oversee the quality of local long-term care facilities
Which of the following is NOT a type of geriatric care? Hospital Assisted living Skilled care Long-term care facility
Hospital
Meal delivery programs, home health care and transportation services all aim to help elderly patients how?
Assist with recreational activities
Provide opportunities to meet other seniors
Assist with activities of daily living
Allow elderly patients to feel a sense of achievement
Assist with activities of daily living
Which of the following is NOT a desirable characteristic of workers in a long-term care facility?
Be patient and caring
Understand the unique needs of elderly patients
Be comfortable with aging and death
Be disrespectful
Be disrespectful
Why is it important for health care workers to report changes in a patient’s behavior to the supervisor and co-workers?
To address the patient’s needs and concerns
To share funny stories about the patient
To ignore the patient’s frustrations
To avoid having contact with the patient as much as possible
To address the patient’s needs and concerns
What causes the increased rates of constipation and diverticulosis seen in older adults? Decreases ability to absorb nutrients Decrease in peristalsis Difficulty swallowing Decrease in saliva production
Decrease in peristalsis
At what age do most women experience the start of menopause? 35 - 40 40 - 45 45 - 50 55 - 60
45 - 50
What is the purpose of the Resident’s Bill of Rights?
To protect residents in long-term care facilities
To monitor the type of residents that are allowed in long-term care facilities
To protect health care workers in long-term care facilities
To assist elderly patients in finding and affording long-term care
To protect residents in long-term care facilities
Which of the following is true of patient hygiene?
Assist the patient with a full bath each morning
Patients should be given the opportunity to care for themselves
Partial baths are used to wash only the face and hands
Assume that most patients need help with shaving
Patients should be given the opportunity to care for themselves
Mr. Munoz is a quiet resident who keeps to himself. As a nurse assistant, what can you do to help him feel more comfortable?
Get to know him by asking him questions about his family and his life.
Ask to be assigned to him more often, as he is a very easy patient.
Keep conversation pleasant but brief, because you do not want to disturb him.
Leave him alone, because most patients enjoy their privacy.
Get to know him by asking him questions about his family and his life.
Which of the following is true?
The United States will continue to see a decline in the number of elderly citizens.
The majority of elderly people live in long-term care facilities.
Most elderly people are confused and incompetent.
There is an increased demand for facilities and workers to assist the elderly.
There is an increased demand for facilities and workers to assist the elderly.
What act requires facilities to provide for the mental, physical and social well-being of residents?
OBRA
You have a coworker who is often overheard yelling at residents and you notice some residents are scared of the coworker. What should you do?
Report the problem, as it could be abuse
Avoid contact with the coworker
Persistently question the residents about the coworker
Try to ignore it
Report the problem, as it could be abuse
Which of the following is NOT a cause of mental illness? Chemical imbalances Genetics Weak character Drugs or substance abuse
Weak character
Which of the following symptoms are typical of stage 1 Alzheimer's disease? Short-term memory loss Long-term memory loss Seizures Inability to speak All of the above
Short-term memory loss
Who has the most interaction with mentally ill patients in medical facilities?
Physicians and psychiatrists
Family members
Nurses and assistants
Nurses and assistants
If a patient with dementia is on medication, where should the medication be stored?
In a locked area
In the medicine cabinet
In a visible place on a counter or table
In a locked area
Which is the best way to approach and greet a patient with dementia?
Tap the patient on the shoulder and loudly say, “Hello, Mrs. Walker.”
Approach the patient from the side and quietly say, “Hello, Mrs. Walker.”
Approach the patient from the front and calmly say, “Hello, Mrs. Walker.”
Approach the patient from the front and calmly say, “Hello, Mrs. Walker.”
What is another name for the emotional high experienced in bipolar disorder? Minutia Mania Mental Malignant
Mania
Which of the following are a state of temporary mental confusion? Dementia Delirium Depression All of the above
Delirium
Which of the following is the most common form of dementia?
Huntington’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Which of the following are the most common mental health problem in older people? Dementia Delirium Depression All of the above
Depression
Why should health care workers never argue or debate with a mentally distressed patient?
Because mentally ill patients should be left alone to solve their problems
Because mentally ill patients are often not able to think logically
Because mentally ill patients are always right
Because mentally ill patients are often not able to think logically
Which of the following areas are affected by Alzheimer's disease? Memory and thinking Reasoning and judgment Language skills Behavior, mood, and personality All of the above
All of the above ( Memory and thinking; Reasoning and judgment;
Language skills;
Behavior, mood, and personality)
Reality orientation is used to help confused patients remain oriented to \_\_\_\_. The environment, time, and themselves The feelings of others The amount of talking they are doing All of the above
The environment, time, and themselves
Eva is a depressed patient who talks to you about her desire to commit suicide. How should you respond?
Be supportive, but do not tell anyone because Eva is entitled to her privacy
Ignore the situation because Eva is just looking for attention
Report the situation to your supervisor and continue to provide caring support
Report the situation to your supervisor and continue to provide caring support
What is defined as fear of an object, situation, or activity? Despair Panic Phobia Depression
Phobia
What is the best way to handle wandering patients?
Use medication to sedate patients who are prone to wander
Restrain patients when they attempt to wander
Give patients freedom to wander unattended
Allow patients to wander in a safe environment
Allow patients to wander in a safe environment
Which of the following symptoms are typical of stage 2 Alzheimer's disease? Wandering and pacing Sundowning Hallucinations Uncontrollable impulses All of the above
All of the above (Wandering and pacing;
Sundowning;
Hallucinations;
Uncontrollable impulses)
Why is it important to use clocks and calendars in the room of a patient with dementia?
To keep the patient oriented with reality
To keep the patient in a good mood
To make sure the patient is not late for appointments
To keep the patient oriented with reality
What is defined as the highest level of anxiety? Depression Phobia Panic Despair
Panic
Which type of shoe is most appropriate for Mrs. Gantz, a patient with dementia? Dress shoes with a high heel Tennis shoes with Velcro straps Lace-up walking shoes Sandals with a buckle
Tennis shoes with Velcro straps
Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of schizophrenia? Delusion Despair Paranoia Hallucination
Despair
Philip is trying to get his patient with dementia, Mr. Hoffman, to take a bath. Mr. Hoffman refuses. How should Philip respond?
“It’s for your own good. Come on!”
“You haven’t bathed for 2 days. You really need a bath tonight!”
“Why don’t I just help you wash your face? We can try the bath tomorrow.”
“You’d better take a bath, or I won’t let you watch your favorite TV show.”
“Why don’t I just help you wash your face? We can try the bath tomorrow.”
Dementia results in the loss of \_\_\_\_. Social and cognitive functions Physical abilities The ability to hear Liver and heart function
Social and cognitive functions
What is the cause of Alzheimer's disease? Lack of exercise Poor nutrition Stress The cause is unknown
The cause is unknown
Which of the following are true of a depressed individual? Pursues new hobbies Is uninterested in daily activities Is typically in a pleasant mood All of the above
Is uninterested in daily activities
According to behavior modification theory, how should a health care worker react when Mr. Lynn takes a magazine from Ms. Thomas’s hands?
Tell Ms. Thomas to let Mr. Lynn keep the magazine
Take away Mr. Lynn’s television privileges
Ask Mr. Lynn to join others in a game of cards
Tell Mr. Lynn that he is a mean person
Ask Mr. Lynn to join others in a game of cards
What should you do if your speech-impaired patient gets frustrated?
Switch to a new topic and try again later
Leave the patient alone for a while
Encourage the patient to keep trying
Give up and refer the patient to a speech therapist
Switch to a new topic and try again later
When is mental retardation usually diagnosed? Middle childhood Early childhood Adulthood Adolescence
Early childhood
Which of the following is the best way to present a dinner entrée to a visually impaired patient?
“Here is your meal! It is meatloaf, green beans, and pasta.”
“Mr. Smith, here is your meal. The meatloaf is at 2:00, the green beans are at 6:00, and the pasta is at 10:00.”
“Here is your meal, Mr. Smith. Let me know if you need any help.”
“Mr. Smith, here is your meal. The meatloaf is at 2:00, the green beans are at 6:00, and the pasta is at 10:00.”
When speaking with a hearing-impaired patient, it is best to \_\_\_\_. Shout Exaggerate words Speak naturally Whisper All of the above
Speak naturally
In the morning, you help to escort Miss Alden, a blind patient, to the cafeteria for breakfast. You notice that she is wearing two different shoes. How should you respond?
Inform Miss Alden of the mismatch and offer to help her change shoes.
Laugh at Miss Alden and tell your co-workers about the incident.
Ignore the situation because you do not want Miss Alden to feel embarrassed.
Inform Miss Alden of the mismatch and offer to help her change shoes.
As a result of a brain injury, a patient cannot speak or understand language. What is the term for this impairment? Communicable Narcolepsy Ambulation Aphasia
Aphasia
What is the degree to which a person is able to become independent and socially responsible according to his or her age and culture? Physical disability Adaptive behavior Emotional growth Mental retardation
Adaptive behavior
Which of the following is the most correct way to give directions to a visually-impaired patient?
“Take a right at the end of the hall. You’ll find the lounge down there.”
“The lounge is at the end of the hall. Go past four doors, and then turn right into the fifth door.”
“The lounge is at the end of the hall on the right.”
“The lounge is at the end of the hall. Go past four doors, and then turn right into the fifth door.”
Luke has an IQ of 56. With training, will he be able to acquire social and vocational skills?
Yes
No
Yes
Which is the correct way to greet a visually-impaired patient?
Wait for the patient to acknowledge your presence
Address the patient by name and touch the patient’s arm
Call the patient from the doorway
Address the patient by name and touch the patient’s arm
What are the two principles of behavior modification?
Reward positive behavior. Redirect negative behavior.
Create positive behavior. Criticize negative behavior.
Praise positive behavior. Punish negative behavior.
Encourage positive behavior. Ignore negative behavior.
Reward positive behavior. Redirect negative behavior.
