Clinical Lab Practices Flashcards
To be a Medical Laboratory Scientist, Zach must:
A
Complete a two year apprenticeship program at the clinic where he works
B
Get certified as a Medical Laboratory Technician and shadow a scientist for one year
C
Get his associate’s degree and find a job
D
First certify as a Medical Laboratory Technician and complete a four year degree
First certify as a Medical Laboratory Technician and complete a four year degree
Beth is taking Coumadin. Which of the following is not true?
A
She is able to control the doses of her medication as she sees fit
B
She is at risk of excessive bleeding if she suffers a minor cut
C
She will need to undergo regular testing to determine coagulation factor of her blood
D
She is less likely to suffer a heart attack or stroke caused by a blood clot
She is able to control the doses of her medication as she sees fit
The PT/INR test is used:
A
To help a doctor determine how well a patient’s medication is working by measuring the coagulation factor of the blood
B
To determine the location of a blood clot when a patient has had a stroke
C
When a patient is having a heart attack to decide what kind of medication to administer
D
Only when the patient is has a history of heart disease and stroke
To help a doctor determine how well a patient’s medication is working by measuring the coagulation factor of the blood
The blood’s ability to clot is called: A Thrombin B Coagulation C Warfarin D Coumadin
Coagulation
When a patient gets a blood test, the phlebotomist collects the blood from the patient’s arm. The blood is usually drawn from the: A Muscle B Fatty tissue C Vein D Artery
Vein
When taking a blood sample from the vein on the inside crook of a patient’s elbow, one must be very careful not to damage the large nerves that are nearby under the skin.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Phlebotomists: A Must take a licensing exam after completing their education B Are able to practice blood draws after a two-year certification program C Study and treat the kidneys and liver D Work with patients who have brain damage
Must take a licensing exam after completing their education
In order to decipher which test is to be done on which tube containing blood samples, scientists in laboratories:
A
Hand tubes directly to the assistant and give verbal directions
B
Try to remember what each test tube of blood is for
C
Make notes on a clipboard regarding which vial goes to which test
D
Use colored stoppers and careful labeling procedures
Use colored stoppers and careful labeling procedures
False Positive
A test or procedure result inappropriately indicating a positive or abnormal result when, in fact, no abnormal condition is actually present.
Biopsy
The removal of a small amount of tissue and/or fluid usually obtained by cutting or by suctioning through a needle.
Calibrate
To adjust the output or reading from a testing device to assure that it gives a correct answer.
Reagent
A substance used in performing a laboratory test.
False Negative
A test or procedure result inappropriately indicating a normal or negative result when, in fact, an abnormal condition is actually present.
Latent
A condition or infectious agent that is present in the body but not causing symptoms and/or actively multiplying.
Lipoprotein
A protein in the blood whose primary purpose is to transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and other fats throughout the body.
Mutation
The change in the genetic structure (DNA); it may occur spontaneously or be induced.
Acute Sample
Samples taken at a time when a patient initially exhibits signs and symptoms of a disease or condition.
Enzyme
Protein produced in cells that speeds up the rate of biological reactions.
Which of the following is a lipid? A Cholesterol B Cumin C Glucose D Lactose
Cholesterol
Samples taken at a time when a patient initially exhibits signs and symptoms of a disease or condition. A Acute Sample B Mutation C Latent D Biopsy
Acute Sample
Plasma contains serum, that can tell a doctor many things about the patient’s health.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
A protein in the blood whose primary purpose is to transport cholesterol, triglycerides, and other fats throughout the body. A Lipoprotein B False Positive C Acute Sample D Calibrate
Lipoprotein
Blood is separated using a: A Reagent B Intravenous line C Centrifuge D Calibration tool
Centrifuge
The main functions of the kidneys and liver are:
A
To metabolize fat cells and burn calories
B
To clean and filter the blood
C
To assist in the replication of DNA and RNA
D
To assist in muscle recovery after a strenuous workout
To clean and filter the blood
A substance used in performing a laboratory test. A Reagent B Biopsy C Enzyme D Acute Sample
Reagent
Glucose is a type of: A Fruit sugar B Table sugar C Milk sugar D Blood sugar
Blood sugar
The CMP measures: A Antigens B Electrolyte levels C Infectious agents D Blood type
Electrolyte levels
Because glucose is the source of energy for the body, the more we have in our blood, the better we function.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Which of the following assist in the hydration of the body? A Neutrons and protons B Electrolytes C Sodium chloride D Carbohydrates
Electrolytes
Fasting is essential before a blood test for glucose levels because:
A
The patient’s chart must reflect his or her exact body weight
B
A patient must be dehydrated prior to a glucose test
C
The lipids and blood glucose will combine with food to create cholesterol
D
Consumption of foods and beverages will affect the level of glucose in the blood and make the test results inaccurate
Consumption of foods and beverages will affect the level of glucose in the blood and make the test results inaccurate
Serum contains: A Clotting factor B Red blood cells C Proteins D White blood cells
Proteins
The removal of a small amount of tissue and/or fluid usually obtained by cutting or by suctioning through a needle. A Mutation B Acute Sample C Biopsy D Lipoprotein
Biopsy
Mr. Jackson’s glucose reading at his latest blood test was 104 mg/dL. This indicates that Mr. Jackson:
A
Needs to increase his glucose levels to be in a safe range
B
Will most likely lose feeling in his hands and feet
C
Will be prescribed medication immediately
D
Is considered pre-diabetic
Is considered pre-diabetic
In the human body, all sugar is converted into: A Lactose B Sucrose C Glucose D Fructose
Glucose
If left untreated, high levels of glucose in the blood can lead to all of the following except: A Tumors in the brain B Blindness C Kidney failure D Gum disease
Tumors in the brain
A glucose monitor:
A
Tests the amount of fructose in the blood of a person with diabetes
B
Is a device that allows a patient to test his or her own blood glucose levels
C
Is a large machine used in hospitals for separating blood samples
D
Can only be used by a doctor to do blood tests
Is a device that allows a patient to test his or her own blood glucose levels
Jordan is a diabetic and seems to be suffering from diabetic shock. His speech is slurred and he looks like he is ready to pass out. You should:
A
Offer him a glass of water
B
Do your best to keep him moving around until the symptoms pass
C
Have him lie down and try to sleep
D
Get him a glass of fruit juice to help stabilize his blood sugar
Get him a glass of fruit juice to help stabilize his blood sugar
A person with a blood glucose level of 132 mg/dL should not be concerned for his or her health.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Diabetes must be monitored by measuring: A Plasma B Platelets C Antigens D Glucose
Glucose
In order to avoid complications, a person with diabetes must avoid all forms of sugar.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Glucose is a type of: A Table sugar B Milk sugar C Blood sugar D Fruit sugar
Blood sugar
The Red Cross bloodmobile is at Jason’s office today. This morning, Jason woke up with a fever and a sore throat. He will still be able to donate his blood today.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
A patient must be concerned about blood type when: A Having blood pressure checked B Taking antibiotics C Having a CMP test D Getting a transfusion
Getting a transfusion
A blood donor: A Can give every seven weeks B Must be type AB C Must be type O D Can give every seventeen days
Can give every seven weeks
Which blood type do "universal donors" have? A Type B B Type O C Type AB D Type ABO
Type O
A patient in the hospital is given platelets. These platelets must have been donated: A 1 year ago B 10 years ago C Two days ago D 30 days ago
Two days ago
A person with type AB blood: A Is known a a "universal donor" B Can accept type A, B, AB, or O blood C Will reject all blood types except AB D Have A and B antibodies in the nucleus of their blood cells
Can accept type A, B, AB, or O blood
Once blood is collected, it:
A
Is inspected thoroughly for disease, separated, and stored appropriately
B
Is put directly into a freezer and is processed six months later
C
Has been screened thorougly enough, so it goes directly to patients who need it without further testing
D
Is exposed to several viruses to check on the responsiveness of white blood cells
Is inspected thoroughly for disease, separated, and stored appropriately
Once frozen, platelets can be used for up to two years.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Which person below is most likely to be cleared to give a blood donation? A A 54-year-old woman with high blood pressure B A healthy 13-year-old female C A healthy 35-year-old male D A 42-year-old male with flu symptoms
A healthy 35-year-old male
LDL, or good cholesterol, helps to protect people against heart disease.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
There is no such thing as a healthy fat.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Fish, like salmon and albacore tuna, are:
A
Foods you can eat to raise triglyceride levels in your blood
B
Examples of healthy ways to get Omega-3 in your diet
C
To be avoided in a healthy diet
D
Examples of sources of monounsaturated fats
Examples of healthy ways to get Omega-3 in your diet
Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of high cholesterol?
A
A diet of red meat, dairy, and saturated fats will reduce the need for medication
B
People with high cholesterol who agree to exercise for at least 30 minutes every day may eat anything they like
C
It can be treated with healthy diet, exercise, or medication (or a combination of the three)
D
Medication can completely reverse the damage caused by high cholesterol
It can be treated with healthy diet, exercise, or medication (or a combination of the three)
There is no need to calibrate an instrument in the lab as long as it doesn’t cause the doctor to change a patient’s prescription for medication.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
All careers in the clinical laboratory field involve emergency care; a person in this field must be willing to work nights and weekends.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Eating more red meat has been shown to decrease triglyceride levels in the blood and therefore lowering risk of heart disease and diabetes.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
When should lab instruments be tested for accuracy? A Only when a problem is suspected B Prior to testing blood C After testing blood D At the end of the day, after cleaning the instruments
Prior to testing blood
A few months ago, a patient had a triglyceride level of 171 ml/dL. Today, the patient’s reading is 147 ml/dL. This means: A The patient is in the normal range B The patient can eat anything C The patient might have heart disease D The machine needs to be calibrated
The patient is in the normal range
Lab equipment must be calibrated: A To make sure it is accurate B By cleaning it thoroughly C To prevent electrical shock D By using the PT/INR
To make sure it is accurate
Janelle’s cholesterol is 185. Her HDL is 74 mg/dL and her LDL is 111 mg/dL. What does this mean for Janelle?
A
She should eat more red meat to raise her LDL levels before her next blood test
B
Her HDL levels are too high and she should go on medication to help her decrease to below 60 mg/dL
C
Her cholesterol levels are perfect
D
It would be wise for her to lower her LDL to decrease her risk of heart disease
It would be wise for her to lower her LDL to decrease her risk of heart disease
When taking antibiotics, a patient must:
A
Always take the medicine within one hour of going to bed
B
Discontinue the use of the antibiotic as soon as symptoms are relieved
C
Finish taking all of the medicine as prescribed, even if he or she feels better right away
D
Fast for twelve hourse prior to taking the daily dose
Finish taking all of the medicine as prescribed, even if he or she feels better right away
Antibiotics are: A Only administered to people with type O blood B Prescribed to fight viruses C Medicines that attack antigens D Medicines that attack bacteria
Medicines that attack bacteria
The plural of bacteria is bacterium.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
An example of a fungal infection is: A Diabetes B Cancer C Strep throat D Athlete's foot
Athlete’s foot
A KOH test will help a lab technician see a viral infection under a microscope.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
A Streptococcus infection is caused by a: A Parasite B Virus C Fungus D Bacterium
Bacterium
Which of the following is not a way to create a safe environment in a lab?
A
Clinical lab staff wear sterile gloves
B
The staff washes their hands with a bleach solution to kill germs before touching patients
C
The staff uses disposable face masks and goggles
D
The staff wear lab coats or scrubs
The staff washes their hands with a bleach solution to kill germs before touching patients
To encourage bacteria to grow, it is placed in a sterile environment.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Which of the following is not true of ringworm? A It thrives in warm, moist environments B It is a fungus C It is not contagious D If your cat has it, there is a chance you can get it
It is not contagious
If urine sample contains bacteria, it means the patient: A Has an infection B Is normal C Is malnourished D Has diabetes
Has an infection
Urine that is lighter in color: A Means that the kidneys are not functioning B Signals an infection C Usually signals a well-hydrated patient D Usually means there are too many white blood cells present in the urine
Usually signals a well-hydrated patient
A reagent is: A An infectious agent B A substance that causes a reaction C An antibiotic medication D A preservative
A substance that causes a reaction
A urinary tract infection: A Will usually go away on its own B Can be very dangerous if left untreated C Is caused by a diet low in nutrients D Is caused by a virus
Can be very dangerous if left untreated
At a routine check-up, Donna’s doctor has her go to the lab to supply a urine sample for testing. This is usually a sign that the doctor believes the patient is in grave danger, and Donna should be very concerned.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
An adult man has about five gallons of blood in his body.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Which of the following cannot be determined by examining a patient’s urine?
A
If a person has enough nutrients to be healthy
B
Whether or not the patient is depressed
C
If the patient is dehydrated
D
Whether or not the patient has a kidney infection
Whether or not the patient is depressed
Bacteria grows best: A In a solution of bleach and water B When added to crystals and other sediment C In a gel-like substance called agar D In sub-zero temperatures
In a gel-like substance called agar
It is impossible to detect high glucose levels from a urine sample.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
The main job of the kidneys is to filter and clean the blood.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
The results of a tissue examination may change the course of action during a surgery; therefore, the use of a cryostat is critical in the anatomic laboratory.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
A micron is: A Less than 1/1000th of an inch B About one yard C One-millionth of a mile D 1/1000th of a meter
Less than 1/1000th of an inch
Doctors can usually determine whether or not a tumor is cancerous without a microscope.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Pathology refers to: A The study of diseases B The study of cellular structure C The study of blood and body substances D The study of plants and animals
The study of diseases
Which of the following statements is not true in Clinical Lab Practices?
A
A frozen section is less desirable because the slide can be of lower quality than a section prepared with paraffin
B
An autopsy is a sample of cells surgically removed from a patient
C
An autopsy is a surgical procedure done to determine the reason a person has died
D
Respect for life is an essential part of all clinical lab work
An autopsy is a sample of cells surgically removed from a patient
In surgery, whenever tissue is removed from a patient, it is sent to a lab and examined for evidence of disease.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
Tissue samples are stained: A So they can be transported B To cause a chemical reaction C To make cell structures visible D To preserve the specimen
To make cell structures visible
A specimen from a biopsy may be frozen so that: A It can be sliced and examined within minutes. B The pathologist can finish the autopsy. C The cryostat can be calibrated quickly D The image will have the best quality.
It can be sliced and examined within minutes.
Liver cells are an example of a group of cells that have a specific function. In biology, a group of cells is referred to as: A Pathogens B Tissue C An organ D Bacteria
Tissue
Paraffin is used in cell preparation to:
A
Create a smooth, glass-like surface on the tissue sample
B
Stain the tissue sample in order to highlight the diseased parts of the cell
C
Firming the structure of the cells, allowing the tissue to be sliced very thin
D
Calibrate the lab instruments
Firming the structure of the cells, allowing the tissue to be sliced very thin
