Special Ops Treatment Flashcards
What is Buprenorphine used for in EMS?
It treats acute withdrawal and serves as a medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD).
What should the Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS) score be for a patient to qualify for Buprenorphine treatment?
COWS score ≥7.
What is the initial dose of Buprenorphine for EMS induction?
16 mg sublingually (SL).
What are exclusion criteria for Buprenorphine administration?
Patients under 18, methadone use within 72 hours, AMS, significant medical illness, or COWS <7.
What is the primary mechanism of Hydrogen Cyanide toxicity?
It binds to mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, preventing oxygen utilization in cells.
What is the preferred antidote for Hydrogen Cyanide exposure?
Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit®).
What is the adult dose for Hydroxocobalamin in cyanide poisoning?
5 grams IV/IO over 7-15 minutes.
Why is rapid decontamination critical for Hydrogen Fluoride exposure?
The fluoride ion penetrates tissues deeply, causing local and systemic toxicity.
How should you treat HF skin exposure?
Massage the burned area with calcium gluconate gel until pain subsides.
What are common symptoms of mild organophosphate poisoning?
Headache, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
What is the initial treatment for severe organophosphate poisoning?
Administer three Duodotes™ or Mark 1 auto-injectors IM.
When is a field amputation indicated?
When an extremity is entrapped, extrication is delayed, and the patient is in shock or at risk of further injury.
What is the first step after deciding on field amputation?
Obtain verbal consent from the patient if possible and ensure proper protective gear.
What is a key precaution when managing ventilators in pre-hospital settings?
Monitor for hypoxia or distress and be prepared to assist respirations with a BVM if necessary.
What are signs of high-pressure ventilator alarms?
Bronchospasm, secretions, kinks in the ET tube, or patient gagging.
What is the function of XSTAT in wound management?
It applies compressed mini-sponges that expand on contact with blood to control severe bleeding.
What precaution must be observed when using XSTAT?
Never attempt to remove the mini-sponges from the wound; this must be done by a surgeon.
