Medical Treatment Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are key history elements to assess for abdominal pain?
Nature, duration, location, radiation, and intensity of pain; associated symptoms such as fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, melena, and painful urination; last menstrual period; prior abdominal surgery.
What are important physical exam findings for abdominal pain?
Look for distension, tenderness, guarding, rigidity, rebound, and masses.
What are common diagnoses for abdominal pain by location?
Diffuse (perforation, intraabdominal bleeding, gastroenteritis), RUQ (cholecystitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis), epigastric (peptic ulcer, gastritis).
What is the initial treatment for abdominal pain?
Start O2, monitor MAP, place the patient in a comfortable position, obtain frequent vital signs.
What history should be gathered for altered mental status and coma?
Onset, changes in consciousness, recent headache, nausea, trauma, diabetes, medications, pregnancy.
What are key physical exam components for altered mental status?
Assess LOC, vital signs, pupil response, breath odor, neuro deficits.
What are common diagnoses for altered mental status?
Hypoglycemia, hypoxia, shock, CVA, drug intoxication, seizures.
What is the treatment protocol for altered mental status?
Start O2, monitor vital signs, consider EtCO2, establish IV/IO, and assess cardiac rhythm.
What history is essential for anaphylaxis assessment?
Exposure to meds, food, insect stings.
What are critical physical exam findings for anaphylaxis?
Look for respiratory distress, edema, rash, hypotension.
How is anaphylaxis treated?
Protect airway, administer epinephrine IM (0.3-0.5 mg for adults), start IV fluids if shock present.
What key history should be collected for burn patients?
Closed space exposure, toxic fumes, accompanying trauma.
How are burns classified by depth?
First-degree (red, painful), second-degree (blisters), third-degree (waxy, white), fourth-degree (involving muscle/bone).
What is the initial treatment for burns?
Early airway management, fluid administration, prevent hypothermia, treat pain.
What history is relevant in cardiac arrest cases?
Witnessed arrest, medications, cardiac disease.
What history should be obtained for cardiac dysrhythmias?
Past medical history, medications, pacemaker presence.
What are key treatment steps for cardiac arrest?
Immediate CPR, defibrillation for shockable rhythms, epinephrine for non-shockable rhythms.
What are important physical exam findings for dysrhythmias?
Assess for AMS, respiratory distress, hypotension, syncope.
What is the treatment for ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation?
Defibrillation for VT/VF, synchronized cardioversion for unstable tachycardias.
What history elements are essential for chest pain assessment?
Onset, duration, severity, radiation of pain.
What is the first-line treatment for suspected acute coronary syndrome?
Administer aspirin (324 mg chewable), nitroglycerin, maintain O2 above 95%, manage pain.
hat key history is relevant for crush injuries?
Mechanism and duration of entrapment
What is the initial treatment for crush injuries?
Control hemorrhage, airway management, monitor for hyperkalemia.
What are the primary types of diabetic emergencies?
Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
