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AJT Special > SPECIAL - Nuclear Safety > Flashcards

SPECIAL - Nuclear Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Radiochemical purity

A

free pertechnetate; tested with thin layer chromatography

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2
Q

Chemical purity

A

alumina breakthrough; tested with color indicator paper

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3
Q

Radionuclide purity

A

Mo breakthrough; tested with dose calibrator with lead shield

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4
Q

Limit for radiochemical purity

A

95% for Tc-99m pertechnetate, 92% for Tc-99m sulfur colloid, 90% for all other Tc-99m

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5
Q

Isotopes produced from a generator

A

Tc-99m, rubidium; generators are used to produce short-lived isotopes

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6
Q

Limit for radionuclide purity

A

0.15 uCi of Mo per mCi of Tc-99m

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7
Q

Limit for chemical purity

A

10 ug of aluminum per mg of eluate

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8
Q

Shielding for a beta-minus emitter

A

plastic (low Z); lead (high Z) would result in Bremsstrahlung

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9
Q

How long do you have to keep radioactive material?

A

10 half lives; includes waste and contaminated materal (e.g. clothing, shoes)

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10
Q

Ring badge positioning

A

dominant hand, index or ring finger, label towards source (palm usually), under a glove (avoid contamination)

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11
Q

CFR 19

A

WORKERS; notices, instructions, and reports to worker

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12
Q

CFR 20

A

PROTECTION; standards for protection against radiation

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13
Q

CFR 35

A

MEDICAL USE; medical use of by-product material

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14
Q

Major spill threshold of 100 mCi

A

Tc-99m, Tl-201

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15
Q

Major spill threshold of 10 mCi

A

In-111, Ga-67, I-123

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16
Q

Major spill threshold of 1 mCi

A

I-131

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17
Q

Major spill procedure

A

clear area/alert => absorbent paper (stop spread) => shield if possible => lock door => report to RSO => decomination; DO NOT CLEAN

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18
Q

Minor spill procedure

A

notify people in area => absorbent paper => CLEAN up => survey with G-M => report to RSO

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19
Q

Criteria for disposing radioactive material

A

physical half-life <120 days, greater than 10 half-lives passed, activity indistinguishable from background at time of disposal, all labels removed, keep records for 3 years

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20
Q

Checklist for receiving goods

A

check within 3 hours on same day or start of next business day if received after hours; visually inspect package, check at surface and at 1 meter with survey meter, wipe test at surface, keep records for 3 years

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21
Q

Received goods with activity >200 mrem/hr at surface or >10 mrem/hr at 1 meter

A

notify RSO, NRC, and delivery company

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22
Q

What does TI stand for?

A

Transportation Index

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23
Q

What does TI measure?

A

dose rate at the time of shipping (written on label by manufacturer); TI is AT 1 METER

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24
Q

How is TI measured?

A

G-M counter used to measure mrem/hr at 1 meter

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25
How often should a Geiger-Muller counter be calibrated?
annually
26
How long to keep records for a reportable event?
3 years
27
What is the frequency of an ambient radiation survey?
daily (at end of the work day) where written directives are prepared or administered
28
Potential dose to others at which written instructions must be given to I-131 patients to minimize exposure
>1 mSv
29
Are outpatients actually measured before they leave our department?
only if the expected (calculated) exposure is >5 mSv to any individual
30
Is there a dose limit to the caregiver of an individual who received I-131?
no regulated dose limit for caregiver, only that which does not cause health problems
31
Resume breastfeeding after Tc-99m in...
12-24 hours
32
Resume breastfeeding after I-123 in...
2-3 days
33
Resume breastfeeding after I-131 in...
never (do NOT resume)
34
Resume breastfeeding after FDG PET in...
no cessation required
35
Resume breastfeeding after Tl-201, Ga-67, or In-111 in...
1-4 weeks
36
Radiation limits for white I package label
<0.5 mrem/hr at surface; no TI; no special handling required
37
Radiaiton limits for yellow II package label
<50 mrem/hr at surface AND <1 mrem/hr at 1 meter; special handling required
38
Radiation limits for yellow III package label
<200 mrem/hr at surface OR <10 mrem/hr at 1 meter; special handling required
39
Dose limit for an uncontrolled/unrestricted area?
<0.02 mSv/hr AND <1 mSv over 7 consecutive days
40
Dose threshold for a controlled/restricted area?
>0.02 mSv/hr; area under supervision of a person in charge of radiation protection
41
What radiation level defines a "radiation area"?
Possible excess of 5 mrem/hr at 30 cm
42
What radiation level defines a "high radiation area"?
Possible excess of 100 mrem/hr at 30 cm
43
What radiation level defines a "very high radiation area"?
Possible excess of 5 Gy/hr at 30 cm; access needs to be restricted (e.g. lock on door)
44
Medical events must be reported to NRC verbally within...
1 day of discovery
45
Medical events must be reported to referring physican verbally within...
1 day of discovery
46
Medical events must be reported to NRC in written form within...
15 days of discovery
47
Personal dosimeter requirement?
individuals who are likely to receive >10% of allowable occupational exposure limits
48
Maintenance of records?
Actions taken by management relative to the radiation protection program must be kept for 5 years. All other records need to be kept for 3 years.
49
Diagnostic recordable event
wrong patient OR wrong radionuclide OR wrong dose (>20%) OR wrong route OR wrong site, AND whole body dose <50 mSv AND single organ dose <500 mSv
50
Diagnostic reportable event (a.k.a. medical event)
wrong patient OR wrong radionuclide OR wrong dose (>20%) OR wrong route OR wrong site, AND whole body dose >50 mSv OR single organ dose >500 mSv; OR any administration that results in unintended permanent functional damage
51
Therapeutic recordable event
dose administered differed from prescribed dose by >10%
52
Therapeutic reportable event
dose administered differed from prescribed dose by >20%
53
Pregnancy after I-131 treatment?
wait 6-12 months
54
When is sterility/pyrogenicity of radiopharmaceuticals tested?
post-administration
55
Criteria to release patient after I-131 treatment
dose received is <33 mCi, dose rate at 1 meter is <7 mrem/hr, potential dose to a maximally exposed person is <5 mSv; if patient does not meet at least 1 criteria, must admit to hospital
56
Regulations for disposal of radioactive human waste
human excreta is not regulated
57
Written directive from an authorized user is required for what dose of I-131?
30 uCi or higher
58
How often must sealed sources have leak tests?
every 6 months
59
Surface contamination limit for a radioactive material use area?
6600 dpm/300 cm^2 (measured with wipe test); limit is 10% for a non-RAM use area
60
Precautions for Xe-133 use
low vent, charcoal trap; negative pressure room no longer required by NRC
61
Exceed annual occupational limit by 5x
1 hour reporting to NRC

AJT Special (12 decks)

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