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PHAN 1 LEC > Special Methods Used in Pharmaceutical Analysis > Flashcards

Special Methods Used in Pharmaceutical Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Made to establish the purity, or to determine the amount of therapeutically active constituents present for the purpose of standardization.

A

Analysis of Crude Drugs

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2
Q

Natural substance

A

Vegetable or animal drugs

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3
Q

This may be defined as the determination of identity, purity and quality of a drug.

A

Drug Evaluation

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4
Q

Drug evaluation may be defined as the determination of _______, ________ and _______ of a drug.

A

identity, purity and quality

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5
Q

Identification of biological source of the drug.

A

Identity

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6
Q

The quantity of the active constituents present.

A

Quality

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7
Q

The extent of foreign organic material present in a crude drug.

A

Purity

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8
Q

Methods of Drug Evaluation:

A

(1) Organoleptic
(2) Microscopic
(3) Physical
(4) Chemical
(5) Biological

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9
Q

It includes the visual examination of drug.

A

Organoleptic

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10
Q

Gives the gross, morphological structure of the sample.

A

Organoleptic

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11
Q

Barks, Underground structures, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits, Seeds

Color, odor, taste, texture, shape or size

A

Plant parts

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12
Q

Microscopic is also known as?

A

Anatomical Evaluation

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13
Q

Gives a more detailed examination of a drug, even histological stuctures (cells and tissues) useful for plants DNA barcoding.

A

Microscopic / Anatomical Evaluation

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14
Q

Physical contents or physical properties innate or characteristic of specific compound in the sample or the sample as a whole.

A

Physical Evaluation

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15
Q

Physical Evaluation components

A

✓ Moisture Content
✓ Viscosity
✓ Melting point
✔ Ash Content
✔ Extractive values
✓ Volatile oil Content
✓ Optical Rotation
✓ Refractive Index

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16
Q

Chemical constants or analytical constants, determination of chemical constituents - ash, moisture, crude fiber, and extractive obtained with different solvents,

Tests to determine different and specific chemical constituents estimation of alkaloidal content, acid value, ester value or phytoconstituents

A

Chemical Evaluation

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17
Q

They make use of various instruments for evaluation like spectrophotometry, chromatography, etc.

A

Physicochemical and Instrumental

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18
Q

Determination of the effects of drugs upon microbes, animals, as animal tissues

This method requires special apparatus for their performance and a technique that is not chemical in nature.

A

Biological Evaluation

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19
Q

Digitalis

A

Pigeon

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20
Q

Insulin injection

A

HPLC (rabbit)

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21
Q

Glucagon injection

A

Cat

22
Q

Oxytocin injection

A

Chicken

23
Q

Vasopressin injection

A

Male rat

24
Q

Corticotropin injection

A

either sex of rat

25
Q

Tubocurarine injection

A

HPLC (rabbit)

26
Q

Metocurine injection

A

HPLC (rabbit)

27
Q

HCG

A

Female rat (20-23 days old)

28
Q

Heparin & Protamine sulfate

A

Sheep blood plasma

29
Q

Cod liver oil

A

Spectrophotometer (rachitic rat)

30
Q

The ____________ of a crude drug is the residue left after incineration.

A

ash content

31
Q

Ash content usually represents the _____________ naturally occurring in the drug adhering to it.

A

inorganic salts

32
Q

Ash content may also include inorganic matter added for the purpose of ___________.

A

adulteration

33
Q

adulteration, substitution, contamination or carelessness in handling =

A

High ash content

34
Q

This may serve as basis for judging the identity and cleanliness of a drug.

A

Determination of Ash

35
Q

The residue after incineration using the residue after acid treatment and it represents silica.

A

Acid insoluble ash

36
Q

500 to 550°C

A

Very dull red heat

37
Q

550°C to 700°C

A

Dull red heat

38
Q

800°C to 1000°C

A

Bright red heat

39
Q

1000 to 1200°C

A

Yellow red - red heat

40
Q

1200 to 1600°C

A

White heat

41
Q

Total ash represents?

A

Inorganic salts

42
Q

Acid insoluble ash represents?

A

Silicates insoluble in diluted acid (3N) filtered using ashless filter paper ash content 0.007%

43
Q

Water soluble ash represents?

A

Ammonium salts

44
Q

Method I

A

Karl Fischer Method

45
Q

This method is the most rapid, requires only a small sample and is specific for water.

A

Method I - Karl Fischer Method

46
Q

The method involves titration of the sample in reagent methanol with Karl Fischer reagent, which consists of iodine, sulfur dioxide, pyridine, and methanol.

A

Method I - Karl Fischer Method

47
Q

Method II

A

Azeotropic Method

48
Q

This method is specified for the determination of moisture content of many vegetable drugs containing 2% or more of moisture.

A

Method II - Azeotropic Method

49
Q

Mixture of liquids with constant boiling point.

A

Azeotrope

50
Q

When the drug contains matter other than water which is volatile at 105°C, the volatile ether soluble extractive must be determined and the weight of this extractive is subtracted from the weight less by the drug upon drying, the difference is the moisture content of the drug.

A

Method III - Gravimetric Method

51
Q

HCG meaning

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

52
Q

HPLC meaning

A

High performance liquid chromatography

PHAN 1 LEC (14 decks)

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