Extractives Flashcards
Unmodified natural preparations of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, or minerals that are used for the prevention or treatment of an ailment or disease.
Crude Drug
Product of extraction procedure
Extractives
A substance or an active substance with desirable properties removed from the tissues of a plant, frequently by treating it with a solvent, to be used for a particular purpose.
Extractives
The amount of extractives, which a drug yields to a given solvent, is a measure of the amount of certain constituents or group of related constituents, which the drug contains.
Extractives
In some cases, the amount of drug soluble in a given solvent is an index of its ?
index of its purity
It is important that the solvent used will NOT ________ appreciable quantities of substances other than those sought in the extraction.
dissolve
• Low toxicity
• Ease of evaporation
• Rapid physiologic absorption of the extract
• Preservative action
• Inert - inability to cause complex
Properties of good solvent
EXTRACTION METHODS
MACERATION
PERCOLATION
DIGESTION
INFUSION
DECOCTION
ENFLEURAGE
CONTINUOUS EXTRACTION
This is generally used for extraction with volatile solvents where SMALL QUANTITIES of a DRUG are extracted.
Soxhlet apparatus
Solvent used for resinous matter is ?
alcohol
For fats and fixed oils, extraction is by continuous extraction.
Hexane
For resins, fixed oils, coloring matter and crude fiber, extraction is by continuous extraction.
Ether
The __________________ of a drug (plant cell wall) is the residue consisting chiefly of cellulose, (hemicellulose and lignin) that remains undissolved after successive treatment with boiling acid and alkali.
crude fiber content
Are a huge group of naturally occurring organic compounds synthesized as secondary metabolites. They are stored in each part of the plant-leaves, stem, root, and fruits of plants.
Extractive: Alkaloids
Extractive: Alkaloids structure includes ?
nitrogen atom or atoms (amino or amido)
these nitrogen atoms cause ALKALINITY of these compounds
Alkaloids can react with acids and then form salts, just like __________?
inorganic alkalis
This is prepared by slowly adding 10% solution of potassium iodide to red mercuric iodide until almost all the red mercuric iodide is dissolved. The excess mercuric iodide is then removed by filtration. This reagent forms a white precipitate.
Mercuric Iodide TS (Valser’s Reagent)
Mercuric Iodide TS is commonly known as?
Valser’s Reagent
This is a solution containing iodine and potassium iodide dissolved in distilled water. A 0.1-N Iodine solution may be employed. Wagner’s Reagent yields a reddish or red-brown precipitate.
Iodine TS (Wagner’s Reagent)
Iodine TS is commonly known as?
Wagner’s Reagent
This is a solution of 1.358g of mercuric chloride in 60 ml of water with 5 g of KI in 10 ml of water and the mixture diluted to 100 ml. This reagents gives white or slightly yellow precipitates with dilute solution of alkaloids
Mercuric Potassium Iodide (Mayer’s Reagent)
Mercuric Potassium Iodide is commonly known as?
Mayer’s Reagent
