Special Considerations: Special Patient Populations Flashcards
What are the two main systems involved in processing visual information?
focal processing via parvo pathway — LGN → occipital → temporal
ambient processing via magno pathway — LGN → occipital → parietal
What is focal parvocellular processing?
“WHAT is it?” -object identification (fine details) -high resolution conscious -involves central visual field static -innate
What is ambient magnocellular processing?
“WHERE am I & WHERE is it?” movement control/spatial orientation/localization (broader details) spatial orientation & localization low resolution non-conscious involves peripheral > central vision dynamic, integrating w/ other sensory systems learned
What happens when there is damage to the focal and/or ambient system?
cortical blindness (damage to brain, not eyes or optic tract)
difficulty w/ navigation visual space & judgment distances
difficulty knowing how quickly and in what direction people or objects are moving
remember the ambient vision is learned; thus it can be improved w/ vision therapy
environment for VT session
- adequate lighting
- minimize noise
- do not wear perfumes
- temperature control
- minimize clothing/accessories w/ patterns & bright colors
- allow ample personal space for the patient to avoid personal contact
When should you schedule VT for infants/toddlers?
during the normal time that they are exploring & playing
How should the parent record observations for their infants/toddlers?
- eye alignment, movement of eyes, pupil changes, head movement, blinking, visual attention
- when the activity was performed, the duration, how many times each week
What is the sequence of VT in special patient populations?
-visual arousal activities
-yoked prism work
-motor activities (primitive reflexes, etc)
-bilateral integration
-vestibular activities
-central/peripheral integration
-visual memory
-“mainstream” VT
—oculomotor
—vergence/binocularity
—accommodation
-more challenging VIP activities
- causes recalibration of visual processing working on the ambient system
- behavioral changes (i.e. postural adaptations) can be instantaneous when perception is altered by yoked prisms
- stimulates spatial awareness
- patient must redirect visual focus & attention which will facilitate visual change
- combine yoked prisms w/ visual arousal techniques
- use yoked prisms in the therapy room as a visual probe for prescribing
- combine w/ motor activities. use each base direction (BU, BD, BR, BL)
—pegboard rotator —flashlight tag —marsden ball —walking rail —bean bag toss —ball roll
“it is not when the lens does to the person but what the person does w/ the lens.” — Robert Kraskin
yoked prism work
-body awareness thru primitive reflex integration
-trampoline (hold flashlight on picture)
-add rhythm & timing to motor activities
-balance & eye/hand coordination activities
—walk rail, balance board, Wayne Saccadic Fixator
motor activities
- slap tap
- mental map of body/angels in the show
- randolph shuffle
- ball bounce
bilateral integration activities
- guided body rolls
- marsden ball w/ body turns
- hart chart on the trampoline
- turn & clap
- trampoline
- infinity walk
vestibular activities
- space fixator
- chalkboard circles
- macdonald chart
- EOT sports vision boards
- explorative obstacle course
- saccadic star
- sanet integrator — rotator
- wayne saccadic fixator
central peripheral integration
-cubes
-geoboard designs
-parquetry designs
-attribute blocks
-pick it designs
-computer based visual memory -programs
—PTS — visual span
—PTS — tachistoscope
visual memory
- marble roll/capture
- pursuits/saccades with fun/noise/lighted target
- bubbles
- feathers
- smile/face tracking
- pie pan rotations
- talking pen
“mainstream VT” — oculomotor
