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Drugs > Special Considerations > Flashcards

Special Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen/ APAP (Special Considerations)

A

This is not a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
The drug can cause acute liver failure and death when taken as an overdose
Consider decreased dosages for elderly patients and patients with liver disease due to their slow metabolic function
Peak effect- 30 to 60 minutes
Duration- 4 to 6 hours

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2
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid/ASA (Special considerations)

A

The drug may increase adverse reactions and side effects when administered with anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin (Coumadin)
Peak effect- 1 to 2 hours
Duration- 4 to 6 hours

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3
Q

Activated Charcoal (Special Considerations)

A

If aspirated, the drug can cause serious pulmonary complications
Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

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4
Q

Adenosine (Special Considerations)

A

Constant monitoring of patient’s cardiac rhythm is required during administration of the drug
Half-life is 6-10 seconds
Peak effect- 20 to 30 seconds
Duration- 30 seconds

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5
Q

Albuterol Sulfate (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be used in conjunction with Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Peak effect- 1 to 1.5 hours
Duration- 3 to 6 hours

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6
Q

Amiodarone (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 10 minutes
Duration- variable

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7
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Special Considerations)

A

Consider transcutaneous pacing for bradydysrhythmias refractory to administration of the drug

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8
Q

Bumetanide (Special considerations)

A

Bumetanide 1.0 mg has the diuretic potency of furosemide 40 mg
Peak effect- 15 to 30 minutes
Duration- 3 to 4 hours

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9
Q

Calcium Chloride (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be used as a pretreatment to the administration of diltiazem (Cardizem)
Drug may cause bradydysrhythmias with a patient prescribe digoxin (Lanoxin)
Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

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10
Q

Calcium Gluconate 2.5% Topical Gel (Special considerations)

A

Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

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11
Q

Calcium Gluconate (Special Considerations)

A

Peak- immediate
Duration- 30 to 120 minutes

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12
Q

Dexamethasone (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 6 to 12 hours
Duration- 24 to 72 hours

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13
Q

Dextrose 50% (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be used in conjunction with thiamine (Vitamin B1) for a patient with malnutrition or alcohol abuse
Check the blood glucose level before administering the drug
Check the blood glucose level after each additional dosage of the drug
Peak effect- variable
Duration- Variable

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14
Q

Diazepam (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect IV/IO- 15 minutes
Duration IV/IO- 15 to 60 minutes

Peak effect IM- 30 to 45 minutes
Duration IM- 15 to 60 minutes

Peak effect Rectal for PEDS- variable
Duration Rectal for PEDS- Variable
Efficiency of rectal to adults has not been established

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15
Q

Diltiazem (Special Considerations)

A

Consider decreasing the dosage for elderly patients
Consider pretreatment with calcium chloride
Peak effect- 7 minutes
Duration- 1 to 3 hours
An infusion pump should be used to administer

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16
Q

Diphenhydramine (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 1 hour
Duration- 6 to 8 hours

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17
Q

Dopamine (Special Considerations)

A

Peak- 5 to 10 minutes
Duration- variable
An infusion pump should be use to administer the drug when possible

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18
Q

Epinephrine (Special Considerations)

A

Drug can increase adverse reactions and side effects when administered with another Sympathomimetic drug
Peak IV/IO/ET- less than 5 minutes
Duration IV/IO/ET- 5 to 10 minutes
Peak effect IM- less than 20 minutes
Duration IM- 20 to 30 minutes
An infusion pump should be used to administer the drug when possible

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19
Q

Etomidate (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- less than 1 minute
Duration- 3 to 5 minutes

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20
Q

Fentanyl (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 3 to 5 minutes
Duration- 30 to 60 minutes
Fentanyl 100 mcg is equivalent in analgesia to morphine 10 mg

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21
Q

Furosemide (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 20 to 30 minutes
Duration- 3 to 6 hours

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22
Q

Glucagon (Special Considerations)

A

Check the blood glucose level before administering the drug
Check the blood glucose level after each additional dosage of the drug
Peak effect- 30 minutes
Duration- 1 to 2 hours
Drug may be used in conjunction with dextrose 50%
Drug may be used in conjunction with thiamine (Vitamin B1) for a patient with malnutrition or alcohol abuse

23
Q

Hydroxocobalamin (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

24
Q

Ibuprofen (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 30 to 60 minutes
Duration- 4 to 6 hours

25
Q

Ipratropium Bromide (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be used in conjunction with Albuterol (Proventil)
Peak effect- 1.5 to 2 hours
Duration- 4 to 6 hours

26
Q

Ketamine (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect IV/IO- 15 minutes
Duration IV/IO- 15 to 60 minutes

Peak effect IM- 30 to 45 minutes
Duration IM- 15 to 60 minutes

Duration Rectal-Variable

27
Q

Lidocaine (Special Considerations)

A

Consider decreased dosages for elderly patient and patients with liver disease due to their slower metabolic function
Peak effect- 5 to 10 minutes
Duration- 10 to 20 minutes
An infusion pump should be used to administer the drug when possible

28
Q

Lorazepam (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may produce longer periods of sedation with elderly patients
Peak effect IV/IO- less than 15 minutes
Duration IV/IO- 6 to 8 hours

Peak effect IM- 2 to 3 hours
Duration IM- 6 to 8 hours

29
Q

Magnesium Sulfate (Special Considerations)

A

Peak- Variable
Duration- 1 hour
An infusion pump should be used to administer the drug when possible

30
Q

Methylprednisolone (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 8 hours
Duration- 18 to 36 hours

31
Q

Midazolam (Special Considerations)

A

Consider decreased dosages for elderly patients and patients with liver and kidney disease due to slower metabolic function
Peak effect IV/IO-3 to 5 minutes
Duration IV/IO- less than 2 hours

Peak effect IM- 30 to 60 minutes
Duration IM- 1 to 6 hours

32
Q

Morphine Sulfate (Special Considerations)

A

Peak IV/IO- 20 minutes
Duration IV/IO- 2 to 4 hours

Peak Effect IM - 30 to 60 minutes
Duration IM- 4 to 5 hours
Respiratory arrest/ depression can be reverse by naloxone (Narcan)
Drug can cross the placenta barrier

33
Q

Naloxone (special considerations)

A

Peak effect IV/IO- less than 2 minutes
Duration IV/IO- 20 minutes to 2 hours

Peak IM/IN- 2 to 10 minutes
Duration IM/IN- 20 minutes to 2 hours

Peak IN- 20 minutes
Duration IN- 30 to 90 minutes

34
Q

Nitroglycerin (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 5 to 10 minutes
Duration- 20 to 30 minutes

35
Q

Nitrous Oxide 50% (Special Considerations)

A

The patient must hold the mask to their face while inhaling the drug
Peak effect- 1 minute
Duration- 1 to 5 minutes

36
Q

Norepinephrine (Special Considerations)

A

Drug can increase adverse reactions and side effects when administered with another Sympathomimetic drug
Peak effect- less than 1 minute
Duration- 1 to 2 minutes
An infusion pump should be used to administer drug

37
Q

Ondansetron (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 1.5 to 2 hours
Duration- 3 to 8 hours

38
Q

Oral Glucose (Special Considerations)

A

Check the blood glucose level before administering the drug
Check the blood glucose level after each additional dosage of the drug
Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

39
Q

Oxygen (Special Considerations)

A

In emergency setting, administration of oxygen does not have a significant depressive respiratory effect on the patient with a cardiovascular condition or chronic pulmonary disease, including emphysema
Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

40
Q

Oxytocin (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect of infusion- variable
Duration of infusion- 1 hour after discontinued
Peak effect IM- variable
Duration IM- 2 to 3 hours
An infusion pump should be used to administer the drug when possible

41
Q

Phenylephrine Nasal Spray 0.5% (Special Considerations)

A

Drug is used in conjunction with a properly-sized nasotracheal tube and lubrication
Peak effect - 30 minutes
Duration- 30 minutes to 4 hours

42
Q

Pradlidoxime Chloride (2-Pam) (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be used in conjunction with atropine sulfate
Peak effect- 10 to 20 minutes

43
Q

Proparacaine Ophthalmic solution 0.5% (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 30 to 2 minutes
Duration- 5 to 10 minutes

44
Q

Racemic Epinephrine (Special Considerations)

A

Drug can increase adverse reactions and side effects when administered with another Sympathomimetic drug
Peak- 5 to 15 minutes
Duration- 1 to 3 hours

45
Q

Rocuronium (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 1 to 3 minutes
Duration- 30 to 60 minutes

46
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate 7.5-8.4% (Special Considerations)

A

Drug must be used in conjunction with effect ventilation
Peak effect- less than 15 minutes
Duration- 1 to 2 hours

47
Q

Succinylcholine (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 1 to 3 minutes
Duration- 7 to 10 minutes

48
Q

Tetracaine (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 15 to 30 seconds
Duration- 10 to 20 minutes

49
Q

Thiamine (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be administered prior to dextrose 50%
Drug should be administered before dextrose 50% or glucagon to a patient with malnutrition or alcohol abuse
Peak effect- 3 to 5 days
Duration- variable

50
Q

Vasopressin (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 15 minutes
Duration- 30 to 60 minutes
Used to replace either 1st or 2nd dose of epinephrine

51
Q

Verapamil (Special Considerations)

A

Administer drug over 3 minutes to elderly patients
Peak effect- 1 to 5 minutes
Duration- 1 to 6 hours

52
Q

0.9% sodium chloride solution (special considerations)

A

None

53
Q

Lactated Ringer’s solution (special considerations)

A

None

54
Q

Dextrose 5% in water (Special considerations)

A

None

Drugs (7 decks)

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