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Special Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen/ APAP (Special Considerations)

A

This is not a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
The drug can cause acute liver failure and death when taken as an overdose
Consider decreased dosages for elderly patients and patients with liver disease due to their slow metabolic function
Peak effect- 30 to 60 minutes
Duration- 4 to 6 hours

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2
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid/ASA (Special considerations)

A

The drug may increase adverse reactions and side effects when administered with anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin (Coumadin)
Peak effect- 1 to 2 hours
Duration- 4 to 6 hours

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3
Q

Activated Charcoal (Special Considerations)

A

If aspirated, the drug can cause serious pulmonary complications
Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

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4
Q

Adenosine (Special Considerations)

A

Constant monitoring of patient’s cardiac rhythm is required during administration of the drug
Half-life is 6-10 seconds
Peak effect- 20 to 30 seconds
Duration- 30 seconds

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5
Q

Albuterol Sulfate (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be used in conjunction with Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Peak effect- 1 to 1.5 hours
Duration- 3 to 6 hours

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6
Q

Amiodarone (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 10 minutes
Duration- variable

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7
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Special Considerations)

A

Consider transcutaneous pacing for bradydysrhythmias refractory to administration of the drug

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8
Q

Bumetanide (Special considerations)

A

Bumetanide 1.0 mg has the diuretic potency of furosemide 40 mg
Peak effect- 15 to 30 minutes
Duration- 3 to 4 hours

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9
Q

Calcium Chloride (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be used as a pretreatment to the administration of diltiazem (Cardizem)
Drug may cause bradydysrhythmias with a patient prescribe digoxin (Lanoxin)
Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

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10
Q

Calcium Gluconate 2.5% Topical Gel (Special considerations)

A

Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

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11
Q

Calcium Gluconate (Special Considerations)

A

Peak- immediate
Duration- 30 to 120 minutes

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12
Q

Dexamethasone (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 6 to 12 hours
Duration- 24 to 72 hours

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13
Q

Dextrose 50% (Special Considerations)

A

Drug may be used in conjunction with thiamine (Vitamin B1) for a patient with malnutrition or alcohol abuse
Check the blood glucose level before administering the drug
Check the blood glucose level after each additional dosage of the drug
Peak effect- variable
Duration- Variable

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14
Q

Diazepam (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect IV/IO- 15 minutes
Duration IV/IO- 15 to 60 minutes

Peak effect IM- 30 to 45 minutes
Duration IM- 15 to 60 minutes

Peak effect Rectal for PEDS- variable
Duration Rectal for PEDS- Variable
Efficiency of rectal to adults has not been established

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15
Q

Diltiazem (Special Considerations)

A

Consider decreasing the dosage for elderly patients
Consider pretreatment with calcium chloride
Peak effect- 7 minutes
Duration- 1 to 3 hours
An infusion pump should be used to administer

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16
Q

Diphenhydramine (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 1 hour
Duration- 6 to 8 hours

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17
Q

Dopamine (Special Considerations)

A

Peak- 5 to 10 minutes
Duration- variable
An infusion pump should be use to administer the drug when possible

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18
Q

Epinephrine (Special Considerations)

A

Drug can increase adverse reactions and side effects when administered with another Sympathomimetic drug
Peak IV/IO/ET- less than 5 minutes
Duration IV/IO/ET- 5 to 10 minutes
Peak effect IM- less than 20 minutes
Duration IM- 20 to 30 minutes
An infusion pump should be used to administer the drug when possible

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19
Q

Etomidate (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- less than 1 minute
Duration- 3 to 5 minutes

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20
Q

Fentanyl (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 3 to 5 minutes
Duration- 30 to 60 minutes
Fentanyl 100 mcg is equivalent in analgesia to morphine 10 mg

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21
Q

Furosemide (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 20 to 30 minutes
Duration- 3 to 6 hours

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22
Q

Glucagon (Special Considerations)

A

Check the blood glucose level before administering the drug
Check the blood glucose level after each additional dosage of the drug
Peak effect- 30 minutes
Duration- 1 to 2 hours
Drug may be used in conjunction with dextrose 50%
Drug may be used in conjunction with thiamine (Vitamin B1) for a patient with malnutrition or alcohol abuse

23
Q

Hydroxocobalamin (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- variable
Duration- variable

24
Q

Ibuprofen (Special Considerations)

A

Peak effect- 30 to 60 minutes
Duration- 4 to 6 hours

25
Ipratropium Bromide (Special Considerations)
Drug may be used in conjunction with Albuterol (Proventil) Peak effect- 1.5 to 2 hours Duration- 4 to 6 hours
26
Ketamine (Special Considerations)
Peak effect IV/IO- 15 minutes Duration IV/IO- 15 to 60 minutes Peak effect IM- 30 to 45 minutes Duration IM- 15 to 60 minutes Duration Rectal-Variable
27
Lidocaine (Special Considerations)
Consider decreased dosages for elderly patient and patients with liver disease due to their slower metabolic function Peak effect- 5 to 10 minutes Duration- 10 to 20 minutes An infusion pump should be used to administer the drug when possible
28
Lorazepam (Special Considerations)
Drug may produce longer periods of sedation with elderly patients Peak effect IV/IO- less than 15 minutes Duration IV/IO- 6 to 8 hours Peak effect IM- 2 to 3 hours Duration IM- 6 to 8 hours
29
Magnesium Sulfate (Special Considerations)
Peak- Variable Duration- 1 hour An infusion pump should be used to administer the drug when possible
30
Methylprednisolone (Special Considerations)
Peak effect- 8 hours Duration- 18 to 36 hours
31
Midazolam (Special Considerations)
Consider decreased dosages for elderly patients and patients with liver and kidney disease due to slower metabolic function Peak effect IV/IO-3 to 5 minutes Duration IV/IO- less than 2 hours Peak effect IM- 30 to 60 minutes Duration IM- 1 to 6 hours
32
Morphine Sulfate (Special Considerations)
Peak IV/IO- 20 minutes Duration IV/IO- 2 to 4 hours Peak Effect IM - 30 to 60 minutes Duration IM- 4 to 5 hours Respiratory arrest/ depression can be reverse by naloxone (Narcan) Drug can cross the placenta barrier
33
Naloxone (special considerations)
Peak effect IV/IO- less than 2 minutes Duration IV/IO- 20 minutes to 2 hours Peak IM/IN- 2 to 10 minutes Duration IM/IN- 20 minutes to 2 hours Peak IN- 20 minutes Duration IN- 30 to 90 minutes
34
Nitroglycerin (Special Considerations)
Peak effect- 5 to 10 minutes Duration- 20 to 30 minutes
35
Nitrous Oxide 50% (Special Considerations)
The patient must hold the mask to their face while inhaling the drug Peak effect- 1 minute Duration- 1 to 5 minutes
36
Norepinephrine (Special Considerations)
Drug can increase adverse reactions and side effects when administered with another Sympathomimetic drug Peak effect- less than 1 minute Duration- 1 to 2 minutes An infusion pump should be used to administer drug
37
Ondansetron (Special Considerations)
Peak effect- 1.5 to 2 hours Duration- 3 to 8 hours
38
Oral Glucose (Special Considerations)
Check the blood glucose level before administering the drug Check the blood glucose level after each additional dosage of the drug Peak effect- variable Duration- variable
39
Oxygen (Special Considerations)
In emergency setting, administration of oxygen does not have a significant depressive respiratory effect on the patient with a cardiovascular condition or chronic pulmonary disease, including emphysema Peak effect- variable Duration- variable
40
Oxytocin (Special Considerations)
Peak effect of infusion- variable Duration of infusion- 1 hour after discontinued Peak effect IM- variable Duration IM- 2 to 3 hours An infusion pump should be used to administer the drug when possible
41
Phenylephrine Nasal Spray 0.5% (Special Considerations)
Drug is used in conjunction with a properly-sized nasotracheal tube and lubrication Peak effect - 30 minutes Duration- 30 minutes to 4 hours
42
Pradlidoxime Chloride (2-Pam) (Special Considerations)
Drug may be used in conjunction with atropine sulfate Peak effect- 10 to 20 minutes
43
Proparacaine Ophthalmic solution 0.5% (Special Considerations)
Peak effect- 30 to 2 minutes Duration- 5 to 10 minutes
44
Racemic Epinephrine (Special Considerations)
Drug can increase adverse reactions and side effects when administered with another Sympathomimetic drug Peak- 5 to 15 minutes Duration- 1 to 3 hours
45
Rocuronium (Special Considerations)
Peak effect- 1 to 3 minutes Duration- 30 to 60 minutes
46
Sodium Bicarbonate 7.5-8.4% (Special Considerations)
Drug must be used in conjunction with effect ventilation Peak effect- less than 15 minutes Duration- 1 to 2 hours
47
Succinylcholine (Special Considerations)
Peak effect- 1 to 3 minutes Duration- 7 to 10 minutes
48
Tetracaine (Special Considerations)
Peak effect- 15 to 30 seconds Duration- 10 to 20 minutes
49
Thiamine (Special Considerations)
Drug may be administered prior to dextrose 50% Drug should be administered before dextrose 50% or glucagon to a patient with malnutrition or alcohol abuse Peak effect- 3 to 5 days Duration- variable
50
Vasopressin (Special Considerations)
Peak effect- 15 minutes Duration- 30 to 60 minutes Used to replace either 1st or 2nd dose of epinephrine
51
Verapamil (Special Considerations)
Administer drug over 3 minutes to elderly patients Peak effect- 1 to 5 minutes Duration- 1 to 6 hours
52
0.9% sodium chloride solution (special considerations)
None
53
Lactated Ringer’s solution (special considerations)
None
54
Dextrose 5% in water (Special considerations)
None

Drugs (9 decks)

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