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Drugs > Mechanisms Of Action > Flashcards

Mechanisms Of Action Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen/APAP (MOA)

A

Inhibits cyclooxygenase to increase the pain threshold
Acts on the hypothalamus to reduce fever

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2
Q

Acetylsalicylic acid/ASA (MOA)

A

Blocks formation of thromboxane A2 which prevents platelets from clumping (aggregating)
Prevents clots from forming

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3
Q

Activated charcoal (MOA)

A

Binds (adsorbs) and inactivates toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract

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4
Q

Adenosine (MOA)

A

Slows atrioventricular conduction

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5
Q

Albuterol sulfate (MOA)

A

Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodialation

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6
Q

Amiodarone (MOA)

A

Blocks sodium, potassium, and calcium channels
Prolongs their action potential and repolarization
Slows the sinus rate
Increases the length of the PR interval and QT interval

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7
Q

Atropine sulfate (MOA)

A

Blocks the action of acetylcholine
Increases the heart rate
Reverses the symptoms of cholinergic poisonings

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8
Q

Bumetanide (MOA)

A

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys
Increases the output of urine

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9
Q

Calcium chloride (MOA)

A

Increases intercellular calcium levels
Increases myocardial contractility

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10
Q

Calcium gluconate 2.5% topical gel (MOA)

A

Combines with hydrofluoric acid to neutralize the fluoride ion, forming insoluble calcium fluoride
Stops the fluoride ion from penetrating into tissue and bone, preventing further damage

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11
Q

Calcium gluconate (MOA)

A

Increases intracellular and extracellular calcium levels
Increases cardiac automaticity
Increases cardiac contractility
Stabilizes myocardial membranes in hyperkalemia

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12
Q

Dexamethasone (MOA)

A

Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation
Produces immunosuppressive effect
Stabilizes cell membranes

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13
Q

Dextrose 50% (MOA)

A

Increases the glucose levels in the blood

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14
Q

Diazepam (MOA)

A

Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus and hypothalamus
Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
Raises the seizure threshold
Produces tranquilizing (antianxiety) effect on the central nervous system

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15
Q

Diltiazem (MOA)

A

Slows extracellular calcium ion influx across myocardial cell membranes
Slows conduction through the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node
Slows ventricular conduction rates in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

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16
Q

Diphenhydramine (MOA)

A

Blocks H1 histamine receptors
Reverses a phenothiazine reaction with extrapyramidal symptoms

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17
Q

Dopamine (MOA)

A

Increases the heart rate
Increases the force of myocardial contractility
Increases the blood pressure
Increases the preload

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18
Q

epinephrine (MOA)

A

Alpha-adrenergic response
-vasoconstriction

Beta1-adrenergic responses
-increases the heart rate
-increases myocardial contractility

Beta2-adrenergic response
-relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodialation (one more scroll down)

Blocks histamine receptors

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19
Q

Etomidate (MOA)

A

Produces depression of the central nervous system
Produces anesthesia

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20
Q

Fentanyl (MOA)

A

Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system
Depresses respiratory centers in the brainstem
Decreases venous return to the heart
Decreases preload
Decreases after load

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21
Q

Furosemide (MOA)

A

Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys
Increases the output of urine

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22
Q

Glucagon (MOA)

A

Increases the glucose levels in the blood by releasing glycogen store in the liver
Increases the force of myocardial contractility
Increases the heart rate

23
Q

Hydroxocoblamin (MOA)

A

Binds with cyanide to form cyanobalamin

24
Q

Ibuprofen (MOA)

A

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

25
Q

Iprtropium bromide (MOA)

A

Blocks acetylcholine receptors on bronchial smooth muscle
Dialates the larger airways resulting in bronchodilation

26
Q

Ketamine (MOA)

A

Blocks pain receptors
Produces dissociative state
Produces anesthesia

27
Q

Lidocaine (MOA)

A

Suppresses ventricular ectopic activity
Increases the threshold of ventricular fibrillation

28
Q

Lorazepam (MOA)

A

• Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and cortex
• Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
• Raises the seizure threshold
• Produces tranquilizing (anti-anxiety) effect on the central nervous system

29
Q

Magnesium sulfate (MOA)

A

• Decreases ventricular irritability
• Decreases release of acetylcholine that inhibits muscular excitability
• Causes uterine relaxation
• Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation
• Raises the seizure threshold in eclampsia and preeclampsia

30
Q

Methylprednisolone (MOA)

A

• Suppresses acute and chronic inflammation
• Produces immunosuppressive effect
• Stabilizes cellular membranes

31
Q

Midazolam (MOA)

A

• Produces sedation by acting on the limbic system, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus
• Binds to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
• Raises the seizure threshold
• Produces tranquilizing (anti-anxiety) effect on the central nervous system

32
Q

Morphine sulfate (MOA)

A

• Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system
• Depresses brainstem respiratory centers
• Decreases venous return to the heart
• Decreases preload
• Decreases afterload

33
Q

Naloxone (MOA)

A

• Acts as a competitive antagonist at opiate receptors in the central nervous system
• Reverses the effects of narcotics and synthetic analgesic drugs
º central nervous system depression
º respiratory depression
º respiratory arrest

34
Q

Nitroglycerin (MOA)

A

• Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
• Dilates coronary arteries resulting in increased blood flow to the myocardium
• Decreases workload on the heart
• Decreases myocardial oxygen demand
• Decreases preload
• Decreases afterload

35
Q

Nitrous oxide 50% (MOA)

A

Alleviates pain by depressing the central nervous system

36
Q

Norepinephrine

A

• Alpha-adrenergic response causing vasoconstriction
• Beta-1 adrenergic response causing increased heart rate and increased myocardial contractility

37
Q

Ondansetron (MOA)

A

• Blocks serotonin 5-HT3 receptor sites in the central nervous system
• Inhibits nausea and vomiting

38
Q

Oral glucose (MOA)

A

Increases the glucose levels in the blood

39
Q

Oxygen (MOA)

A

• Reverses hypoxia
• Increases oxygenation of tissues
• Increases saturation of hemoglobin

40
Q

Oxytocin (MOA)

A

• Binds to oxytocin receptor sites on the surface of uterine smooth muscles
• Increases the force and frequency of uterine contractions

41
Q

Phenylephrine nasal spray 0.5% (MOA)

A

• Stimulates alpha receptors to vasoconstriction blood vessels in the nasal mucosa
• Reduces the risk of bleeding during insertion of a naso-tracheal tube

42
Q

Pralidoxime chloride (2-Pam) (MOA)

A

Regenerates cholinesterase activity that became inhibited by an organophosphate pesticide

43
Q

Proparacaine ophthalmic solution 0.5% (MOA)

A

Alleviates pain at the ophthalmic nerve cell membrane

44
Q

Racemic epinephrine (MOA)

A

• Beta-2 adrenergic response
• Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation

45
Q

Rocuronium (MOA)

A

• Binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptor sites at the nerve fiber’s motor end plate
• Antagonizes acetylcholine binding at the nerve fiber’s motor end plate resulting neuromuscular blockade

46
Q

Sodium bicarbonate 7.5-8.4% (MOA)

A

• Buffers metabolic acidosis
• Increases the pH of blood and urine

47
Q

Succinylcholine (MOA)

A

Inhibits neuromuscular transmission resulting in temporary paralysis

48
Q

Tetracaine (MOA)

A

Alleviates corneal pain

49
Q

Thiamine (MOA)

A

Metabolizes carbohydrates

50
Q

Vasopressin (MOA)

A

Produces vasoconstriction

51
Q

Verapamil (MOA)

A

• Slows extracellular calcium ion reflux across myocardial cell membranes
• Slows conduction through the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node
• Slows the ventricular conduction rate in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

52
Q

0.9% sodium chloride solution (MOA)

A

• Parenteral maintenance and replacement of extracellular fluid loss
• Parenteral maintenance and replacement of extracellular electrolyte loss

53
Q

Lactate Ringer’s solution (MOA)

A

• Parenteral maintenance and replacement of extracellular fluid loss
• Parenteral maintenance and replacement of extracellular electrolyte loss

54
Q

5% dextrose in water (MOA)

A

Parenteral maintenance and replacement of carbohydrate

Drugs (7 decks)

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