Special Collection Procedures Flashcards
important in determining which blood product can be safely used for blood transfusion
Blood bank specimen
anticoagulants used in blood bank specimen
lavender, pink, red
blood donor requirements
17-66 yrs old
min 110 lbs
complete physical exam, medical history
blood collected within 72 hrs from surgery sched; eliminate risks associated with blood transfusion
Autologous donation
salvaged during surgical procedure; tested for residual free hemoglobin;
disadvantage: renal dysfunction
Blood/Cell salvaging
test for patients who have fever of unknown origin; bacteremia
Blood culture
collection of blood culture
2-4 blood culture bottles: 1 aerobic, 1 anaerobic withdrawn 30-60 mins apart
crucial step in blood culture collection procedure; info about site where blood has been collected
Skin antisepsis
to assess the blood clotting functions; assess hemostatic system
Coagulation Specimens
patient is suffering diabetes; monitor insulin theraphy
2-Hour Postprandial Glucose
Collection of 2 Hour PP
*Px is high carbohydrate diet (2-3 days prior to test)
*fast 10 hrs
*collection of blood
*100g glucose beverage day of test
*collection of blood after 2 hrs
patients suffering carbohydrate metabolism problems; ability of body to metabolize glucose by measuring tolerance level to high glucose level
Glucose Tolerance Test/OGTT
GTT length
gestational diabetes?
evaluations?
*1 hr
*3hrs
Collection of GTT
*patient eat meal 150g carbohydrates/glucose 3 days prior
*fast 8-10hrs/12-16 hrs before test
*water is allowed to avoid dehydration
*glucose value: 200mg/dL !!!
*ingest glucose beverage within 5 mins
*collect test within 30 min, 1 hr, 2hr
Glucose beverage dose
Adults: 75g
Children: 1g glucose/kg of weight
Gestational (pregnant) : 50-75g
ability of body to process lactose and if patient lack mucosal lactase
Lactose Tolerance Test
Lack of lactase enzyme
Gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea
Collection of Lactose Tolerance Test
*2-Hour GTT administered prior
*same as GTT procedure but w/ lactose
*false positive results: gastric emptying, crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis
to exclude the possibility of paternity of particular child; uses genetic fingerprinting/DNA profiling
Paternity/Parentage Testing
Collection of Paternity Testing
PCR and RFLP
ABO and RH typing, basic red cell antigen, HLA
*specimen of choice: buccal samples
measured drug levels at designated intervals appropriate dosage thus avoiding toxicity
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
performed as drawing volume of blood about 500 ml from patient as part of treatment procedure; polycythemia and hemochromatosis
Therapeutic Phlebotomy
collection of blood, hair, urine, determining presence of toxins; plays role of clinical and forensic
Toxicology Specimens
ordered by law-enforcement agencies for legal purposes
Forensic Toxicology Specimens
a special protocol involves tracking of specimen from time of collection until time results are released
Chain of Custody
DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972
RA 9165
ordered for purposes related to treatment but could also for industrial and employee drug screening
Blood Alcohol (Ethanol) Specimens
Antiseptic used in ETOH Test
Specimen Collection Tube
*aqueous povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride
*gray top
pre-employment requirement; chain of custody is strictly implemented
Drug Screening
checks for presence of arsenic, copper, lead, iron, zinc
Trace Elements/Mineral Testing
used for patient undergoing warfarin and heparin theraphy
Coagulation Monitoring by POCT
to evaluate capillaries for platelet plug formation; used for pre-surgical screening tests
Bleeding time
Measures the level of oxygen, carbon dioxide and acid-base (ph) in the blood; normal range
Arterial Blood Gas
7.35-7.45
measures the concentration of hydrogen ion in a specimen and
check the balance of the acid base level which shows the metabolic
and respiratory status of the patient
pH
indicator of how well the air is exchanged between the blood and lungs; shows the measure of pressure exerted by dissolved CO2 in the blood plasma in proportion to the PO2 in the
alveoli
PCO2
Represents the pressure exerted by the dissolved O2 and the ability of the lungs to diffuse oxygen through the alveoli, which is usually used to measure the effectiveness of an oxygen therapy
PO2
Used to evaluate the oxygenation status of the patient; Measures the percentage of the binding sites of the hemoglobin that is occupied by oxygen in the blood
SO2
Increase: metabolic alkalosis
Decrease: metabolic acidosis
HCO3
Aid in moving nutrients in the body and remove wastes in the cells of
the body
Electrolytes
Helps keep the normal balance of fluids in the body; Plays a role in transmitting nerve impulses
Sodium
Helps in the nerve conduction and muscle function; Regulates the acid-base balance and osmotic pressure
Potassium
Maintains the integrity of the cells by helping in the balancing of osmotic pressure as well as the acid base and water balance of the body
Chloride
Helps transport carbon dioxide to the lungs and regulate blood ph
Bicarbonate
Compromises about 50% of the blood calcium; Helps in the muscular function, cardiac function, blood clotting, and nerve
transmission function of the body
Ionized Calcium
Checks for the presence of B-subunit of Hcg in the urine or serum; as early as 10 days
Pregnancy Testing
Gauge the effectiveness of the thrombolytic therapy being administered to patients who have suffered from heart attacks
Cardiac Troponin (TnT), Troponin I (Tnl)
Measures the ALT of patients under lipid lowering medication
Lipid Testing
Differentiates COPD and CHF
B-Type Natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Detects and evaluates infection, tissue injury, and other inflammation orders
C-Reactive Protein
detects gastrointestinal bleeding
Occult Blood (Guiac)
