Pre-Analytical Phase Testing Flashcards
ideal in establishing reference range; most stable and optimal time of collecting blood from the px
Basal State - after 12 hrs of fasting/exercise
impaired circulation and therefore yield erroneous test results
Burns, Scars, Tattoo
puncturing damaged veins may produce inaccurate results
*sclerosed
*thrombin
Damaged Veins
hardened
clotted
caused by accumulation of fluid in tissue; fluid from IV infiltrates tissues
Edema
mass of blood leaking from blood vessel following venipuncture
Hematoma
surgical breast removal
Masectomy
obstruction of normal lymph flow
Lymphostasis
impaired lymph flow makes arm susceptible to swelling
Lymphedema
most commonly placed in radial artery to provide accurate measurement of patient’s blood pressure
Arterial line
permanent surgical connection of an artery and vein; used for dialysis
Arteriovenous Shunt/Fistula/Graft
used to avoid the use of needle-sticks, prevent infections; collect blood from arterial/central venous catheter
Blood-sampling device
IV catheter to provide access for administering medication or drawing blood
Heparin/Saline Lock
inserted in vein to administer fluids; how to collect blood in an IV line?
Intravenous Sites
Collect blood below IV line; Stop IV line for 2 mins
indwelling lines; tubings inserted to the vein/artery used for blood collection, medication
Central Vascular Access Devices (CVADs)
known as “central lines”, inserted into large vein into superior vena cava
Central Venous Catheter lines
surgically implanted disk-shaped chamber; placed on upper chest below collarbone
Implanted Port
flexible tube inserted into veins of extremities
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
condition appearance of small red spots due to prolonged tourniquet
Petechiae
results from blood loss due to blood draw
Iatrogenic Anemia
when blood is filling up the tube rapidly; formation of hematoma
Inadvertent arterial puncture
If failed venipuncture on first attempt, what to do?
opposite site, use butterfly/syringe on second attempt
*if unsuccessful, ask another phlebotomists
increase number formed elements in RBC results from decrease in plasma volume caused by tourniquet
Hemoconcentration
consciousness due to lack of oxygen in the brain
Syncope (fainting)
abnormal vascular condition which thrombus develop within vessel of body
Thrombosis
inflammation of vein accompanied by clot result of trauma to vessel wall
Thrombophlebitis
rupture of RBC resulting release of hemoglobin circulation
Hemolysis
angle for venipuncture
15-30° intravenous (25°)
Afferent TAT
Pretest phase
Test phase
Efferent TAT
*Specimen Collection, Receipt at Lab, Testing
*Specimen Collection, Receipt at Lab
*Receipt at Lab, Testing
*Testing, Result received by clinic, Result received by patient
routine blood collection must reach within delivery time limits
45 MINS
apparatus used to separate cells, plasma/serum of blood specimens
Centrifuge
depressed hematocrit
elevated hematocrit
Anemia
Polycythemia
Layers of Spun Hematocrit
Fatty layers
Plasma - proteins
Buffy coat - wbc, platelets
Hematocrit - rbc
portion of sample taken for chemical analysis; prepared for multiple test on single specimen
*specimens with different anticoagulants should not be put in the same aliquot tube.
Aliquot specimen
act requires protective equipment worn when processing equipment
OSHA ACT RA 11058
presence of excessive amounts of lipid particles in the blood
Lipemic
there is a high level of bilirubin in the blood
Icteric/Jaundice
