Laboratory Safety/Understanding Phlebotomy Flashcards
authorizes to conduct on-site inspection
OSHA
enacted by US congress in 1970
Public Law 91-596
all exposure to blood or infectious materials; decontamination and safe handling of potentially infectious laboratory supplies; PPE and universal precautions
Blood-borne Pathogen Standard
provides guidance for evaluating and communicating identified hazards; employees education
Hazard Communication Standard (Right to know Law)
major source of safety information for employees who may use hazardous materials
MSDS
requires chemical hygiene plan to minimize personnel exposure to hazardous chemicals
OSHA (Laboratory Standard)
Colors of NFPA Rating
Blue - Health
Yellow - Instability
White - Special
Red - Flammability
safety showers gallons of water per minute
30-50 gl per minute of 20-50 psi
eyewash stations feet
100 ft
velocity at the face of the hood feet
100-120 ft per minute
removes particles that may be harmful who is working with potentially biological specimens
Biosafety Cabinets
Chain of Infection
Infection
Reservoir
Entry of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Entry of Pathway
Susceptible Host
an approach to infection control that presumes that all human blood, tissue, and most fluids are treated as if known to be infectious.
Universal Precaution
Donning of PPE
Gown
Hair cap
Mask
Googles
Gloves
Doffing of PPE
Gloves
Googles
Gown
Hair Cap
Mask
Sinks/Surface decontamination; large spill of blood
1:5/1:10 (10%) dilution of Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach) - 20 mins
most widely used for chlorine disinfectants
hypochlorite
volume of water needed in volume of bleach (1 mL)
9 mL
shelf life of sodium hypochlorite
*room tempt (diluted w/ water)
*closed plastic bottles
1 week
1 month
HBV contact time
10 mins
HIV contact time
2 mins
most common cause of needlestick accidents
Recapping
first aid in chemical hazard
flush affected part w/ water for 15 MINS
For chemical handling always add
ACID TO WATER
best method of radioactive waste disposal
locked room until background is down to 10 half-lives for radioiodine
all electrical equipment must be grounded with
Three-prolonged plugs
basic elements of fire
heat, fuel, oxygen(air)
Fire caused by ordinary combustible materials
Class A
Fire caused by flammable liquids
Class B
Fire caused by electrical equipments
Class C
Fire caused by flammable metals
Class D
Fire caused by detonation (arsenal fire)
Class E
Fire caused by Cooking media
Class K
Class A, B, C, D, E, K Extinguisher
A - water
ABC - dry chemical
BC - carbon dioxide, halon foam
D - metal x, sand
Laboratory Waste Management
Red - sharps
Yellow - Infectious
Yellow w/ black band - chemical
Orange - radioactive
Green - biodegradable
Black - non-biodegradable
white - pharmaceutical
phlebos
temnein
= venesection
vein
to cut
practiced phlebotomy as bloodletting in 1400 BC
Ancient Egyptians
greek physician believed person’s health dependent on balance of four humors:
earth
air
fire
water
Hippocrates
Earth: blood, brain
Air: phlegm, lungs
Fire: black bile, spleen
Water: yellow bile, gall bladder
In middle ages, they performed bloodletting as part of treatment of illnesses
Barber-surgeons
alternative medicine that helps ease pain; special heated suction cups, fleam (lancet)
Cupping
known as hirudotherpay/hirudo medicinalis; uses leeches for bloodletting and microsurgical replantation
Leeching
blood letting is called? used for blood disorders such as hemochromatosis
therapeutic phlebotomy
phlebotomy as major theraphy
18th-19th centuries
US president died from throat infection 1799; 9 pints of blood (normal 1-4 pints)
George Washington
Phlebotomy was declared quackery
end of 19th century
temporal artery vein (blood vessels) not done by phlebotomists
Arteriotomy
believed blood formed in liver
Galen
presences of valves in vein
Andreas Vesalius
discovered pulmonary circulation
Realdus Columbus
discovered blood circulation from observations on living animals; function of valves
William Harvey
