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Spanish Verbs Flashcards

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1
Q

Ser de vs estar en

To say where someone is from, you use a conjugated form of ser + de + the name of the place.

Where are you from?

I’m from Seville. I’m from Spain.

A

¿De dónde eres?

Soy de Sevilla. Soy de España.

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2
Q

Ser de vs estar en

To say where someone is right now, you use a conjugated form of estar + en + the name of the place.

Where are you?

I’m in Cádiz.

Colombia is far from Spain

A

¿Dónde estás?

Estoy en Cádiz.

Colombia está lejos de España.
.

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3
Q

¿Dónde está?

In Spanish, you can ask where something is by using dónde está + a noun.

Where is the store?

A

¿Dónde está la tienda?

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4
Q

¿Dónde está?

If what you’re looking for is in the plural form, you use dónde están instead.

Where are the monuments?

A

¿Dónde están los monumentos?

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5
Q

Preterito Perfecto

A

also used to talk about actions or events from recent past that are connected to the presents.

i.e. Senora, ha estado en la playa esta semana?…No pero hoy he estado en la pacina

for this reason it’s usually combined w/a time marker that includes the present…eg. hoy, esta semana or este mes

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6
Q

Preterito Perfecto

  • to have (or do something)
A

haber

yo… he
tu…has
el/ella/utd…ha
nos…hemos
utds…han

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7
Q

they are watching a movie

To See
watching

A

ellas estan viendo una pelicula

Ver
Viendo

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8
Q

she is ordering a glass of water

To ask for / order
asking / ordering

A

ella esta pidiendo un vaso de agua

pedir
pidiendo

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9
Q

renir
renendo

A

To scold
Scolding

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10
Q

escabullir
escabullendo

A

To sneak away
sneaking away

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11
Q

My friends are going to the movies

To go

going

A

Mis amigos estan yendo al cine

Ir

yendo

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12
Q

To read

reading

A

leer

leyendo

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13
Q

Did I caught (catch) you at a bad time?

To catch

A

Te pillo en mal momento

Pillar

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14
Q

I stay

Stay

A

Me quedo

quedar

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15
Q

Echar de menos

ex. i am missing you

A

missing

ex. Te echar de menos

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16
Q

to go to bed

to get up

to wake up

A

Acostar se

levantar se

despertar se

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17
Q

to shower

to get dressed

to fall asleep

A

duchar se

visitir se

dormir se

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18
Q

to do or make

to go out

to bring

A

YO
hacer - hago

salir - salgo

traer - traigo

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19
Q

to be (permanent) - used to express 7 basic concepts: description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, possession or ownership, and where an event took place.

A
  • Ser

Yo Soy
tu eres
el/ella/ud es
nosotros somos
ellos/ellas/uds son

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20
Q

To Be - Profession

I am a student

He is an architect

They (f) are excellent teachers

A

Ser - Profesión

Soy un estudiante

El es un arquitecto

Ellas son maestras excelentes

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21
Q

To be (permanent)

ex. We are doctors

Robert is a lawyer

Are you an engineer

A

Ser

ex.Somos doctores

Roberto es abogado

Eres un ingeniero?

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22
Q

To be (permanent)

ex. The cars are old

We are nice

is the flower yellow?

A

Ser

ex. Los carros son viejos

Nosotros somos simpaticos

Es la flor amarilla?

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23
Q

To be - permanent - Description

ex. The house is red

The book is blue

A

Ser - Descripción

La casa es roja

El libro es azul

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24
Q

Spanish Verbs — Future Tense — Irregular Verbs

saber and poder

A

saber and poder drop the “E”

ex. Tu sabras mucho? — you will know alot

Ellos no podran venir — they will not be able to come.

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25
Q

to have (to do something)

A
  • haber

Yo he
tu has
el/ella/ud ha
nosotros hemos
ellos/ellas/uds han

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26
Q

to be (temporary) - used to express four basic concepts: location, health, changing mood or condition, and personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance.

A
  • Estar

Yo estoy
tu estas
el/ella/ud esta
nosotros estamos
ellos/ellas/uds estan

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27
Q

tener

A
  • to have

Yo tengo
tu tienes
el/ella/ud tiene
nosotros tenemos
ellos/ellas/uds tienen

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28
Q

to do, make

A
  • hacer

Yo hago
tu haces
el/ella/ud hace
nosotros hacemos
ellos/ellas/uds hacen

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29
Q

to be able, can

A
  • poder

Yo puedo
tu puedes
el/ella/ud puede
nosotros podemos
ellos/ellas/uds pueden

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30
Q

to say, tell

A
  • decir

Yo digo
tu dices
el/ella/ud dice
nosotros decimos
ellos/ellas/uds dicen

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31
Q

to go

A
  • ir

Yo voy
tu vas
el/ella/ud va
nosotros vamos
ellos/ellas/uds van

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32
Q

to see

A
  • ver

Yo veo
tu ves
el/ella/ud ve
nosotros vemos
ellos/ellas/uds ven

33
Q

to give

A
  • dar

Yo doy
tu das
el/ella/ud da
nosotros damos
ellos/ellas/uds dan

34
Q

to know (information)

A
  • saber

Yo se
tu sabes
el/ella/ud sabe
nosotros sabemos
ellos/ellas/uds saben

35
Q

to want, love

A
  • querer

Yo quiero
tu quieres
el/ella/ud quiere
nosotros queremos
ellos/ellas/uds quieren

36
Q

to arrive, get to the, come, reach

A
  • llegar

Yo llego
tu llegas
el/ella/ud llega
nosotros llegamos
ellos/ellas/uds llegan

37
Q

to pass, to spend (time), to happen

A
  • pasar

Yo paso
tu pasas
el/ella/ud pasa
nosotros pasamos
ellos/ellas/uds pasan

38
Q

to owe, must, should, ought to

A
  • deber

Yo debo
tu debes
el/ella/ud debe
nosotros debemos
ellos/ellas/uds deben

39
Q

to give a present

A
  • regalar

Yo regalo
tu regalas
el/ella/ud regala
nosotros regalamos
ellos/ellas/uds regalan

40
Q

Difference between Poder vs. Saber

both have similar meanings

i.e. she can’t play today
i.e. we can go to the party

i.e. you can speak three languages
i.e. I know where we are

A

Poder - to say something is ALLOWED or POSSIBLE…use poder

i.e. ella no puede jugar hoy.
i.e. podemos ir a la fiesta.

Saber - to emphasize an ACQUIRED SKILL or KNOWLEDGE…use saber

i.e. Tu sabes hablar tres idiomas.
i.e. Yo se donde estamos.

41
Q

There are a few verbs like hacer (to do, to make), salir (to go out) and traer (to bring) that are irregular in the first person:

ex.
I do, I go out, I bring

you do, you go out, you bring

A

ex.

yo hago, salgo, traigo

tú haces, sales, traes

42
Q

Some verbs like tener (to have) and decir (to say) also have a vowel change in the tú, él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.

ex.
I have, you have, we have, they have

I say, you say, we say, they say

A

ex.

yo tengo, tú tienes, nosotros tenemos, ellos tienen

yo digo, tú dices, nosotros decimos, ellos dicen

43
Q

To conjugate reflexive verbs, you’ll also need to choose the appropriate reflexive pronoun, to indicate the subject/object relationship.

A

The following reflexive pronouns can be used for reflexive verbs in any tense:

Subject +Pronoun Meaning

Yo me… I … myself
Tú te… You (Informal) … yourself
Usted se… You (Formal) … yourself
Él/Ella se… He/She … himself/herself
Nosotros/Nosotras nos… We (Masculine/Feminine) … ourselves
Vosotros/Vosotras os… You (Informal, Masculine/Feminine) … yourselves
Ustedes se… You (Formal) … yourselves
Ellos/Ellas se… They (Masculine/Feminine) … themselves

44
Q

You’ll typically place the reflexive pronoun right before the conjugated verb.

ex. Pedro showers [himself] every day.

I always go to bed at 10 p.m.

Why don’t you shave [yourself]?

A

Here are some examples:

Pedro se ducha todos los días.

Siempre me acuesto a las 10.

¿Por qué no te afeitas?

45
Q

Reflexive Verb to feel

  • I feel tired
  • You (sg. informal) feel tired
  • he/she/you feel tired
  • We feel tired
  • You (pl. informal) feel tired
  • Him/her/you’ll feel tired
A

Reflexive verbo sentirse (to feel)

  • Yo me siento
  • Tu te sientes
  • El/ella/Ud se siente
  • nosotros/nosotras nos sentimos
  • vosotros/vosotras os sentís
  • ellos/ellas/ustedes se sienten
46
Q

Reflexive verbs are verbs which are always accompanied by a reflexive pronoun (like oneself). Reflexive verbs always end in se in the infinitive

  • to be called - I am called (lit. to call oneself - I call myself)
  • to feel - I feel
A

Ex.

  • llamarse - me llamo
  • sentirse - me siento
47
Q

You will recognize the reflexive pronouns from the verb llamarse (to be named, to call oneself).

  • At 10 you (sg., informal) get up.
  • What are your (pl., informal) names? (lit. How do you call yourselves?)
  • You (pl., formal) wake up late.
  • We have to stay here.
A

Ex.

  • A las 10 te levantas. (levantarse)
  • ¿Cómo os llamáis? (llamarse)
  • Ustedes se despiertan tarde. (despertarse)
  • Nos tenemos que quedar aquí. (quedarse)
48
Q

Reflexive ex.

  • I fall asleep easily.
  • Is his name Carlos?
  • What time are you (pl. formal) going to get up?
  • They always shower early.
  • Will you (sg. informal) stay there?
  • She wakes up at 8.
A

Reflexive verbos ex.

  • Me duermo fácilmente. (yo)
  • ¿Él se llama Carlos?
  • ¿A qué hora se van a levantar? (Uds)
  • Ellos siempre se duchan temprano. (ellos)
  • ¿Te vas a quedar ahí? (tú)
  • A las 8 se despierta. (ella)
49
Q

Irregular verbs (reflexive)

  • to wake up: you wake up, you (pl.form) wake up
  • to fall asleep: they fall asleep, we fall asleep

The change in vowel occurs in the singular and 3rd person plural.

  • we get dressed, you get dressed, they get dressed
  • we go to bed, you go to bed, they go to bed
A

Irregular verbs (reflexive)

  • despertarse: te despiertas, se despiertan
  • dormirse: se duermen, nos dormimos
  • nos vestimos, os vestís, se visten
  • nos acostamos, os acostáis, se acuestan
50
Q

reflexive pronoun and verb vowel change ex.

  • How do you (sg., informal) feel?
  • We go to bed at 10 at night.
  • Can you (sg., informal) get up early?
  • I shower every day (lit. all the days).
  • What time do you (pl., formal) wake up?
  • They get dressed quickly.
A

reflexive pronoun and verb vowel change

  • ¿Cómo te sientes?
  • Nos acostamos a las 10 de la noche.
  • ¿Te puedes levantar temprano?…You can also say: ¿Puedes levantarte temprano?
  • Me ducho todos los días.
  • ¿A qué hora se despiertan?
  • Ellas se visten rápido.
51
Q

The present progressive tense is used to refer to actions happening right now. In the English language, this would refer to verbs ending in -ing.

To form sentences in the present progressive, you must first know how to conjugate the verb estar (to be):

Subject Conjugation
Yo estoy
Tú estás
Usted/Él/Ella está
Nosotros/as estamos
Vosotros/as estáis
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas están
Then, change the ending of the action verb as follows:

-ar to -ando
-er/ir to -iendo

A

Let’s look at escribir (to write) as an example. To say “I am writing” in Spanish, we will:

Conjugate estar in the yo form→ estoy.
Change the ending of escribir→ escribiendo.
Combine the two to get Estoy escribiendo (I am writing).
Here are a few more examples:

Mi vecino está llorando. (My neighbor is crying.)

Estamos bebiendo café. (We’re drinking coffee.)

Estoy escribiendo un correo electrónico. (I’m writing an email.)

52
Q

The past tense, or the preterite, refers to the simplest form of the Spanish past tense. In English, conjugating to the past tense would typically involve adding the suffix -ed to a verb.

Basically, use this tense to talk about things that have already happened.

-ar verbs

A

The following table will show you how to conjugate -ar verbs in the past tense:

Subject Ending Hablar Conjugated
Yo -é hablé
Tú -aste hablaste
Usted/Él/Ella -ó habló
Nosotros/as -amos hablamos
Vosotros/as -asteis hablasteis
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -aron hablaron

53
Q

The past tense, or the preterite, refers to the simplest form of the Spanish past tense. In English, conjugating to the past tense would typically involve adding the suffix -ed to a verb.

Basically, use this tense to talk about things that have already happened.

-er / ir verbs

A

In this verb tense, the -er and -ir forms have the same ending:

Subject Ending Comer/Vivir Conjugated
Yo -í comí
viví
Tú -iste comiste
viviste
Usted/Él/Ella -ió comió
vivió
Nosotros/as -imos comimos
vivimos
Vosotros/as -isteis comisteis
vivisteis
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -ieron comieron
vivieron

54
Q

Preterite examples

Anabel ate pizza last night.

They lived in Buenos Aires for 10 years.

We called our grandma yesterday.

A

Here are a few examples:

Anabel comió pizza anoche.

Vivieron 10 años en Buenos Aires.

Ayer llamamos a nuestra abuela.

55
Q

Besides the future tense with ir a + infinitive, there is another form: harás is a future tense of hacer.

ex. What will you do next semester?

A

ex.

Que haras el proximo semestre?

56
Q

How to conjugate the futuro simple…-ar, -er and -ir verbs all have the same ending.

A

The futuro simple is formed by adding certain endings to the infinitive.

57
Q

Spanish Verbs — Future Tense — Regular Verbs

all verbs — AR / ER / IR

A

Yo — verb + “e”
Tu — verb + “as”
el / ella / ud — verb + “a”
Nosotros — verb + “emos”
ellos / ellas / Uds — verb + “an”

ex. Yo viajare – tu viajaras – el viajara – nosotros viajaremos – Uds viajaran

Yo dormire – tu dormiras – ella dormira – nosotros dormiremos – ellos dormiran

Yo comere – tu comeras – Ud comera – nosotros comeremos – ellas comeran

58
Q

Future ex.

We won’t work in December.n (infin + ending)

Will you eat paella? (infin + ending)

A

Futuro ex.

No trabajaremos en diciembre.

¿Comerás paella?

59
Q

More future ex.

Tomorrow I will sleep until 11. (infin +)

They will call me soon. (infin +)

We will study all night. (infin +)

A

Mas futuro ex.

Mañana dormiré hasta las 11.

Ellos me llamarán pronto.

Nosotros estudiaremos toda la noche. (estudiar)

60
Q

Future ex.

she won’t sleep much

Will you buy it? (pl. formal)

Next year I will go to Mexico

A

Futuro ex.

Ellas no dormira mucho.

Uds lo compraran?

El ano proximo yo ire a Mexico.

61
Q

More future ex.

You will call me on Friday. (sg. usted)

Will they live in Madrid? (pl. ellas)

A

Mas futuro ex.

Usted me llamará el viernes. (llamar)

¿Ellas vivirán en Madrid? (vivir)

62
Q

Spanish Verbs — Future Tense — Irregular Verbs…Hacer — decir

ex. On friday it will be sunny (lit. it will make sun)

we won’t say anything

A

Hacer — decir turn into “har” & “dir”

ex. El viernes hara soliado

Nosotros no diremos nada

63
Q

Spanish Verbs — Future Tense — Irregular Verbs…tener — salir — venir

ex. she will have exams soon.

will they come soon (pl. formal)?

we will go out on friday

A

tener — salir — venir have a “DR” attached to the root

ex. ella proximamente tendra examines

Ustedes vendran pronoto?

Nosotros saldremos el viernes

64
Q

Spanish Verbs — Future Tense — Irregular Verbs…Saber and poder

ex. You will know a lot! (sg. informal)

They will not be able to come. (pl. ellos)

A

Saber and poder drop the e.

ex. ¡Tú sabrás mucho!

Ellos no podrán venir.

65
Q

It makes no difference if you speak about the future using ir a or infinitive+ending…

ex. We will go to a party. (infinitive + ending)

We are going to go there on Saturday. (con IR)

A

The form ir a is used slightly more often in Latin America, whereas in Spain the other future tense is more common.

ex. Iremos a una fiesta.

Vamos a ir el sábado.

66
Q

future using ir a or infinitive+ending ex.

You are going to eat nothing. (con IR) - tu

You will eat at night. (infinitive + ending) - tu

A

ex.

No vas a comer nada.

Por la noche comerás.

67
Q

future using ir a or infinitive+ending ex.

They will visit me soon. (translate both forms of future) - ellas

I won’t speak with you. (translate both forms of future) - yo

A

ex.

Ellas me visitarán pronto. (Ellas me van a visitar pronto.)

No hablaré contigo. (No voy a hablar contigo.)

68
Q

future using ir a or infinitive+ending ex.

We will have a big house. (translate both forms of future)

Will you call them tomorrow? (translate both forms of future)n - tu

A

ex.

Tendremos una casa grande. (Vamos a tener una casa grande.)

¿Los llamarás mañana? (¿Los vas a llamar mañana?)

69
Q

to have to (should / must)

A

deber

70
Q

to disappear

A

desaparecer

71
Q

To cross / crossing

A

Cruzar / cruzando

yo cruzo
tu cruzas
El / ud cruza
nos cruzamos
ellos / uds cruzan

72
Q

to keep / protect

A

guardar - regular verb

73
Q

The verb tomar can have different meanings, depending on the context. It can mean to take

Do we take the bus here?

A

ex.

¿Tomamos el autobús aquí?

74
Q

In other situations, it can mean to eat/have or to drink:

I want to have a piece of cake.

At night, they drink wine at dinner.

A

ex.

Yo quiero tomar un trozo de tarta.

Por las noches toman vino en la cena.

75
Q

To put

A

Poner

yo pongo
tu pones
El/Ud pone
Nos ponemos
Ellos/Uds ponen

76
Q

to find – I find – you find – we find

A

encontrar – encuentro – encuentras – encontramos

77
Q

to return – I return – you return – we return

A

volver – vuelvo – vuelves – volvemos

78
Q

to sleep – I sleep – you sleep – we sleep

A

dormir – duermo – duermes – dormimos

79
Q

You use gustar to express what you like.

1) I like your new shirt

It’s always used with object pronouns, e.g., me gusta for I like, te gusta for you (sg., informal) like and le gusta for he/she likes.

2) You like fries / Do you like my new shoes?

You can also express what you don’t like by adding no at the beginning of the sentence.

3) I don’t like this soup

A

1) Me gusta tu camisa nueva.

2) Te gustan las patatas fritas. / ¿Te gustan mis zapatos nuevos?

3) No me gusta esta sopa

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