Spanish Verbs Flashcards
1
Q
Ser de vs estar en
To say where someone is from, you use a conjugated form of ser + de + the name of the place.
Where are you from?
I’m from Seville. I’m from Spain.
A
¿De dónde eres?
Soy de Sevilla. Soy de España.
2
Q
Ser de vs estar en
To say where someone is right now, you use a conjugated form of estar + en + the name of the place.
Where are you?
I’m in Cádiz.
Colombia is far from Spain
A
¿Dónde estás?
Estoy en Cádiz.
Colombia está lejos de España.
.
3
Q
¿Dónde está?
In Spanish, you can ask where something is by using dónde está + a noun.
Where is the store?
A
¿Dónde está la tienda?
4
Q
¿Dónde está?
If what you’re looking for is in the plural form, you use dónde están instead.
Where are the monuments?
A
¿Dónde están los monumentos?
5
Q
Preterito Perfecto
A
also used to talk about actions or events from recent past that are connected to the presents.
i.e. Senora, ha estado en la playa esta semana?…No pero hoy he estado en la pacina
for this reason it’s usually combined w/a time marker that includes the present…eg. hoy, esta semana or este mes
6
Q
Preterito Perfecto
- to have (or do something)
A
haber
yo… he
tu…has
el/ella/utd…ha
nos…hemos
utds…han
7
Q
they are watching a movie
To See
watching
A
ellas estan viendo una pelicula
Ver
Viendo
8
Q
she is ordering a glass of water
To ask for / order
asking / ordering
A
ella esta pidiendo un vaso de agua
pedir
pidiendo
9
Q
renir
renendo
A
To scold
Scolding
10
Q
escabullir
escabullendo
A
To sneak away
sneaking away
11
Q
My friends are going to the movies
To go
going
A
Mis amigos estan yendo al cine
Ir
yendo
12
Q
To read
reading
A
leer
leyendo
13
Q
Did I caught (catch) you at a bad time?
To catch
A
Te pillo en mal momento
Pillar
14
Q
I stay
Stay
A
Me quedo
quedar
15
Q
Echar de menos
ex. i am missing you
A
missing
ex. Te echar de menos
16
Q
to go to bed
to get up
to wake up
A
Acostar se
levantar se
despertar se
17
Q
to shower
to get dressed
to fall asleep
A
duchar se
visitir se
dormir se
18
Q
to do or make
to go out
to bring
A
YO
hacer - hago
salir - salgo
traer - traigo
19
Q
to be (permanent) - used to express 7 basic concepts: description, profession, point of origin, identification, material, possession or ownership, and where an event took place.
A
- Ser
Yo Soy
tu eres
el/ella/ud es
nosotros somos
ellos/ellas/uds son
20
Q
To Be - Profession
I am a student
He is an architect
They (f) are excellent teachers
A
Ser - Profesión
Soy un estudiante
El es un arquitecto
Ellas son maestras excelentes
21
Q
To be (permanent)
ex. We are doctors
Robert is a lawyer
Are you an engineer
A
Ser
ex.Somos doctores
Roberto es abogado
Eres un ingeniero?
22
Q
To be (permanent)
ex. The cars are old
We are nice
is the flower yellow?
A
Ser
ex. Los carros son viejos
Nosotros somos simpaticos
Es la flor amarilla?
23
Q
To be - permanent - Description
ex. The house is red
The book is blue
A
Ser - Descripción
La casa es roja
El libro es azul
24
Q
Spanish Verbs — Future Tense — Irregular Verbs
saber and poder
A
saber and poder drop the “E”
ex. Tu sabras mucho? — you will know alot
Ellos no podran venir — they will not be able to come.
25
to have (to do something)
- haber
Yo he
tu has
el/ella/ud ha
nosotros hemos
ellos/ellas/uds han
26
to be (temporary) - used to express four basic concepts: location, health, changing mood or condition, and personal opinion in terms of taste or appearance.
- Estar
Yo estoy
tu estas
el/ella/ud esta
nosotros estamos
ellos/ellas/uds estan
27
tener
- to have
Yo tengo
tu tienes
el/ella/ud tiene
nosotros tenemos
ellos/ellas/uds tienen
28
to do, make
- hacer
Yo hago
tu haces
el/ella/ud hace
nosotros hacemos
ellos/ellas/uds hacen
29
to be able, can
- poder
Yo puedo
tu puedes
el/ella/ud puede
nosotros podemos
ellos/ellas/uds pueden
30
to say, tell
- decir
Yo digo
tu dices
el/ella/ud dice
nosotros decimos
ellos/ellas/uds dicen
31
to go
- ir
Yo voy
tu vas
el/ella/ud va
nosotros vamos
ellos/ellas/uds van
32
to see
- ver
Yo veo
tu ves
el/ella/ud ve
nosotros vemos
ellos/ellas/uds ven
33
to give
- dar
Yo doy
tu das
el/ella/ud da
nosotros damos
ellos/ellas/uds dan
34
to know (information)
- saber
Yo se
tu sabes
el/ella/ud sabe
nosotros sabemos
ellos/ellas/uds saben
35
to want, love
- querer
Yo quiero
tu quieres
el/ella/ud quiere
nosotros queremos
ellos/ellas/uds quieren
36
to arrive, get to the, come, reach
- llegar
Yo llego
tu llegas
el/ella/ud llega
nosotros llegamos
ellos/ellas/uds llegan
37
to pass, to spend (time), to happen
- pasar
Yo paso
tu pasas
el/ella/ud pasa
nosotros pasamos
ellos/ellas/uds pasan
38
to owe, must, should, ought to
- deber
Yo debo
tu debes
el/ella/ud debe
nosotros debemos
ellos/ellas/uds deben
39
to give a present
- regalar
Yo regalo
tu regalas
el/ella/ud regala
nosotros regalamos
ellos/ellas/uds regalan
40
Difference between Poder vs. Saber
both have similar meanings
i.e. she can't play today
i.e. we can go to the party
i.e. you can speak three languages
i.e. I know where we are
Poder - to say something is ALLOWED or POSSIBLE...use poder
i.e. ella no puede jugar hoy.
i.e. podemos ir a la fiesta.
Saber - to emphasize an ACQUIRED SKILL or KNOWLEDGE...use saber
i.e. Tu sabes hablar tres idiomas.
i.e. Yo se donde estamos.
41
There are a few verbs like hacer (to do, to make), salir (to go out) and traer (to bring) that are irregular in the first person:
ex.
I do, I go out, I bring
you do, you go out, you bring
ex.
yo hago, salgo, traigo
tú haces, sales, traes
42
Some verbs like tener (to have) and decir (to say) also have a vowel change in the tú, él/ella/usted and ellos/ellas/ustedes forms.
ex.
I have, you have, we have, they have
I say, you say, we say, they say
ex.
yo tengo, tú tienes, nosotros tenemos, ellos tienen
yo digo, tú dices, nosotros decimos, ellos dicen
43
To conjugate reflexive verbs, you’ll also need to choose the appropriate reflexive pronoun, to indicate the subject/object relationship.
The following reflexive pronouns can be used for reflexive verbs in any tense:
Subject +Pronoun Meaning
Yo me... I ... myself
Tú te... You (Informal) ... yourself
Usted se... You (Formal) ... yourself
Él/Ella se... He/She ... himself/herself
Nosotros/Nosotras nos... We (Masculine/Feminine) ... ourselves
Vosotros/Vosotras os... You (Informal, Masculine/Feminine) ... yourselves
Ustedes se... You (Formal) ... yourselves
Ellos/Ellas se... They (Masculine/Feminine) ... themselves
44
You’ll typically place the reflexive pronoun right before the conjugated verb.
ex. Pedro showers [himself] every day.
I always go to bed at 10 p.m.
Why don’t you shave [yourself]?
Here are some examples:
Pedro se ducha todos los días.
Siempre me acuesto a las 10.
¿Por qué no te afeitas?
45
Reflexive Verb to feel
- I feel tired
- You (sg. informal) feel tired
- he/she/you feel tired
- We feel tired
- You (pl. informal) feel tired
- Him/her/you'll feel tired
Reflexive verbo sentirse (to feel)
- Yo me siento
- Tu te sientes
- El/ella/Ud se siente
- nosotros/nosotras nos sentimos
- vosotros/vosotras os sentís
- ellos/ellas/ustedes se sienten
46
Reflexive verbs are verbs which are always accompanied by a reflexive pronoun (like oneself). Reflexive verbs always end in se in the infinitive
- to be called - I am called (lit. to call oneself - I call myself)
- to feel - I feel
Ex.
- llamarse - me llamo
- sentirse - me siento
47
You will recognize the reflexive pronouns from the verb llamarse (to be named, to call oneself).
- At 10 you (sg., informal) get up.
- What are your (pl., informal) names? (lit. How do you call yourselves?)
- You (pl., formal) wake up late.
- We have to stay here.
Ex.
- A las 10 te levantas. (levantarse)
- ¿Cómo os llamáis? (llamarse)
- Ustedes se despiertan tarde. (despertarse)
- Nos tenemos que quedar aquí. (quedarse)
48
Reflexive ex.
- I fall asleep easily.
- Is his name Carlos?
- What time are you (pl. formal) going to get up?
- They always shower early.
- Will you (sg. informal) stay there?
- She wakes up at 8.
Reflexive verbos ex.
- Me duermo fácilmente. (yo)
- ¿Él se llama Carlos?
- ¿A qué hora se van a levantar? (Uds)
- Ellos siempre se duchan temprano. (ellos)
- ¿Te vas a quedar ahí? (tú)
- A las 8 se despierta. (ella)
49
Irregular verbs (reflexive)
- to wake up: you wake up, you (pl.form) wake up
- to fall asleep: they fall asleep, we fall asleep
The change in vowel occurs in the singular and 3rd person plural.
- we get dressed, you get dressed, they get dressed
- we go to bed, you go to bed, they go to bed
Irregular verbs (reflexive)
- despertarse: te despiertas, se despiertan
- dormirse: se duermen, nos dormimos
- nos vestimos, os vestís, se visten
- nos acostamos, os acostáis, se acuestan
50
reflexive pronoun and verb vowel change ex.
- How do you (sg., informal) feel?
- We go to bed at 10 at night.
- Can you (sg., informal) get up early?
- I shower every day (lit. all the days).
- What time do you (pl., formal) wake up?
- They get dressed quickly.
reflexive pronoun and verb vowel change
- ¿Cómo te sientes?
- Nos acostamos a las 10 de la noche.
- ¿Te puedes levantar temprano?...You can also say: ¿Puedes levantarte temprano?
- Me ducho todos los días.
- ¿A qué hora se despiertan?
- Ellas se visten rápido.
51
The present progressive tense is used to refer to actions happening right now. In the English language, this would refer to verbs ending in -ing.
To form sentences in the present progressive, you must first know how to conjugate the verb estar (to be):
Subject Conjugation
Yo estoy
Tú estás
Usted/Él/Ella está
Nosotros/as estamos
Vosotros/as estáis
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas están
Then, change the ending of the action verb as follows:
-ar to -ando
-er/ir to -iendo
Let’s look at escribir (to write) as an example. To say “I am writing” in Spanish, we will:
Conjugate estar in the yo form→ estoy.
Change the ending of escribir→ escribiendo.
Combine the two to get Estoy escribiendo (I am writing).
Here are a few more examples:
Mi vecino está llorando. (My neighbor is crying.)
Estamos bebiendo café. (We’re drinking coffee.)
Estoy escribiendo un correo electrónico. (I’m writing an email.)
52
The past tense, or the preterite, refers to the simplest form of the Spanish past tense. In English, conjugating to the past tense would typically involve adding the suffix -ed to a verb.
Basically, use this tense to talk about things that have already happened.
-ar verbs
The following table will show you how to conjugate -ar verbs in the past tense:
Subject Ending Hablar Conjugated
Yo -é hablé
Tú -aste hablaste
Usted/Él/Ella -ó habló
Nosotros/as -amos hablamos
Vosotros/as -asteis hablasteis
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -aron hablaron
53
The past tense, or the preterite, refers to the simplest form of the Spanish past tense. In English, conjugating to the past tense would typically involve adding the suffix -ed to a verb.
Basically, use this tense to talk about things that have already happened.
-er / ir verbs
In this verb tense, the -er and -ir forms have the same ending:
Subject Ending Comer/Vivir Conjugated
Yo -í comí
viví
Tú -iste comiste
viviste
Usted/Él/Ella -ió comió
vivió
Nosotros/as -imos comimos
vivimos
Vosotros/as -isteis comisteis
vivisteis
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas -ieron comieron
vivieron
54
Preterite examples
Anabel ate pizza last night.
They lived in Buenos Aires for 10 years.
We called our grandma yesterday.
Here are a few examples:
Anabel comió pizza anoche.
Vivieron 10 años en Buenos Aires.
Ayer llamamos a nuestra abuela.
55
Besides the future tense with ir a + infinitive, there is another form: harás is a future tense of hacer.
ex. What will you do next semester?
ex.
Que haras el proximo semestre?
56
How to conjugate the futuro simple...-ar, -er and -ir verbs all have the same ending.
The futuro simple is formed by adding certain endings to the infinitive.
57
Spanish Verbs --- Future Tense --- Regular Verbs
all verbs --- AR / ER / IR
Yo --- verb + "e"
Tu --- verb + "as"
el / ella / ud --- verb + "a"
Nosotros --- verb + "emos"
ellos / ellas / Uds --- verb + "an"
ex. Yo viajare -- tu viajaras -- el viajara -- nosotros viajaremos -- Uds viajaran
Yo dormire -- tu dormiras -- ella dormira -- nosotros dormiremos -- ellos dormiran
Yo comere -- tu comeras -- Ud comera -- nosotros comeremos -- ellas comeran
58
Future ex.
We won't work in December.n (infin + ending)
Will you eat paella? (infin + ending)
Futuro ex.
No trabajaremos en diciembre.
¿Comerás paella?
59
More future ex.
Tomorrow I will sleep until 11. (infin +)
They will call me soon. (infin +)
We will study all night. (infin +)
Mas futuro ex.
Mañana dormiré hasta las 11.
Ellos me llamarán pronto.
Nosotros estudiaremos toda la noche. (estudiar)
60
Future ex.
she won't sleep much
Will you buy it? (pl. formal)
Next year I will go to Mexico
Futuro ex.
Ellas no dormira mucho.
Uds lo compraran?
El ano proximo yo ire a Mexico.
61
More future ex.
You will call me on Friday. (sg. usted)
Will they live in Madrid? (pl. ellas)
Mas futuro ex.
Usted me llamará el viernes. (llamar)
¿Ellas vivirán en Madrid? (vivir)
62
Spanish Verbs --- Future Tense --- Irregular Verbs...Hacer — decir
ex. On friday it will be sunny (lit. it will make sun)
we won't say anything
Hacer --- decir turn into "har" & "dir"
ex. El viernes hara soliado
Nosotros no diremos nada
63
Spanish Verbs --- Future Tense --- Irregular Verbs...tener — salir — venir
ex. she will have exams soon.
will they come soon (pl. formal)?
we will go out on friday
tener --- salir --- venir have a "DR" attached to the root
ex. ella proximamente tendra examines
Ustedes vendran pronoto?
Nosotros saldremos el viernes
64
Spanish Verbs --- Future Tense --- Irregular Verbs...Saber and poder
ex. You will know a lot! (sg. informal)
They will not be able to come. (pl. ellos)
Saber and poder drop the e.
ex. ¡Tú sabrás mucho!
Ellos no podrán venir.
65
It makes no difference if you speak about the future using ir a or infinitive+ending...
ex. We will go to a party. (infinitive + ending)
We are going to go there on Saturday. (con IR)
The form ir a is used slightly more often in Latin America, whereas in Spain the other future tense is more common.
ex. Iremos a una fiesta.
Vamos a ir el sábado.
66
future using ir a or infinitive+ending ex.
You are going to eat nothing. (con IR) - tu
You will eat at night. (infinitive + ending) - tu
ex.
No vas a comer nada.
Por la noche comerás.
67
future using ir a or infinitive+ending ex.
They will visit me soon. (translate both forms of future) - ellas
I won't speak with you. (translate both forms of future) - yo
ex.
Ellas me visitarán pronto. (Ellas me van a visitar pronto.)
No hablaré contigo. (No voy a hablar contigo.)
68
future using ir a or infinitive+ending ex.
We will have a big house. (translate both forms of future)
Will you call them tomorrow? (translate both forms of future)n - tu
ex.
Tendremos una casa grande. (Vamos a tener una casa grande.)
¿Los llamarás mañana? (¿Los vas a llamar mañana?)
69
to have to (should / must)
deber
70
to disappear
desaparecer
71
To cross / crossing
Cruzar / cruzando
yo cruzo
tu cruzas
El / ud cruza
nos cruzamos
ellos / uds cruzan
72
to keep / protect
guardar - regular verb
73
The verb tomar can have different meanings, depending on the context. It can mean to take
Do we take the bus here?
ex.
¿Tomamos el autobús aquí?
74
In other situations, it can mean to eat/have or to drink:
I want to have a piece of cake.
At night, they drink wine at dinner.
ex.
Yo quiero tomar un trozo de tarta.
Por las noches toman vino en la cena.
75
To put
Poner
yo pongo
tu pones
El/Ud pone
Nos ponemos
Ellos/Uds ponen
76
to find – I find – you find – we find
encontrar – encuentro – encuentras – encontramos
77
to return – I return – you return – we return
volver – vuelvo – vuelves – volvemos
78
to sleep – I sleep – you sleep – we sleep
dormir – duermo – duermes – dormimos
79
You use gustar to express what you like.
1) I like your new shirt
It's always used with object pronouns, e.g., me gusta for I like, te gusta for you (sg., informal) like and le gusta for he/she likes.
2) You like fries / Do you like my new shoes?
You can also express what you don't like by adding no at the beginning of the sentence.
3) I don't like this soup
1) Me gusta tu camisa nueva.
2) Te gustan las patatas fritas. / ¿Te gustan mis zapatos nuevos?
3) No me gusta esta sopa
