Spanish Adjective / Direct & Indirect Object Flashcards
Part 1/5
In Spanish, adjectives agree in gender with the noun that they’re referring to. This means that they usually end in -o if the noun is masculine, or in -a if the noun is feminine.
ex. The bathroom is small and the kitchen is dark.
ex. El baño es pequeño y la cocina es oscura.
Part 2/5
However, there are a few exceptions. For example, adjectives that end in -e (e.g., grande) stay the same for both masculine and feminine nouns. You’ll learn more about this later on.
ex. The living room is big and the bathroom is also big.
ex. La sala de estar es grande y el baño también es grande.
Part 3/5
Adjectives also have to agree in number with the noun that they’re referring to. To make an adjective that ends in a vowel plural, you usually place an -s at the end.
ex. This kitchen is big, but those kitchens are bigger.
ex. Esta cocina es grande, pero aquellas cocinas son más grandes.
Part 4/5
When singular nouns and adjectives end in a consonant, most of the time you add -es to make the plural form.
ex. That room is gray, and the other rooms are also gray.
ex. Esa habitación es gris, y las otras habitaciones también son grises.
Part 5/5
There are also some exceptions to this rule. Nouns that end in -z, for example, take -ces in the plural form instead,
e.g., luz and luces (light and lights). You’ll learn more exceptions as you go along.
e.g., luz and luces (light and lights). You’ll learn more exceptions as you go along.
Desde…../…..hasta
from…./…..to
delgado (flaco)../..gordo
thin../..fat
largo../..corto
long../..short
bajo../..alto
short../..tall
Definitivamente
definitely
Comparisons (part I)
When comparing people / things that are different — how do you structure the sentence?
ex…You are shorter than I
- This table is less expensive than mine
mas / menos…….que
ex. Tu eres mas bajo que yo
ex. Esta mesa es menos cara que la mia
Comparisons (part II)
When people or objects SHARE the same characteristics —- how do you structure the sentence?
I am as tall as my brother
You are as thin as your mother
TAN + adjective + COMO
ex. Soy tan alto como mi hermano
ex. Eres tan degado como tu madre
El Villano es el mas feo de todos
The villian is the ugliest of (them) all
Mi madre no solo es bueno, es la mejor
my mom is not just good, she is the best
PEOR
Worst
Meyor de todos
the oldest
Menor de la familia
youngest child
Immediatemente
generalmente
facilmente
immediately
generally
easily
Always
often
sometimes
almost never
never
Siempre
a menudo
a veces
casi nunca
nunca
Frequency words can be placed before or after the verb.
ex. I never play sports.
I read often.
ex.
Nunca practico deporte.
Leo a menudo.
However Frequency words usually come before the verb:
ex. I always watch television at night.
You (sg. informal) normally jog.
ex.
Siempre veo televisión en la noche.
Normalmente hacen footing.
Frequency ex.
Sometimes I sleep in the office.
They (fm.) almost never play sports.
ex.
A veces duermo en la oficina.
Ellas casi nunca practican deporte.
More frequency ex.
I always make the meal.
He sometimes does his homework.
en español ex.
Siempre hago la comida.
Él a veces hace sus tareas.
Direct objects (objeto dircetio) vs. indirect objects (objeto indirecto)
Yo excribo una carta
direct objects answer “WHAT” is being affected by the action here “escribir” (to write). So in this case…“una carta” is the direct object.
indirect object is the PERSON / THING that receives what is being given or done -
ex.
Tu escribes una carta “a tus padres”?….are you writing a letter “to your parents”
Yo doy un abrazo “a mi hernamo”….i give “my brother” a hug
“my parents and my brother” get something, ex. “una carta or un abrazo”
Indirect objects are always preceded by the word….
- “a” ….Yo doy un abrazo “a mi hernamo”.
ex. a nadia, a mi hermano, a tus padres
amable
kind
amistoso
friendly
ancho
wide
carinoso
affectionate
ciego
blind
duro
hard
estrecho
narrow
fiel
faithful / loyal
flojo
lax / loose
gracioso
amusing
deep
ex. he has a deep voice
the pool has a deep end
hondo
ex. el tiene un hondo voz
la piscina tiene un hondo fin
lento
slow
libre
free
proud
I’m proud of you
orgulloso
ex. soy orgullos a ti
pesado
heavy
raro
stange
simple
the simple truth is…
sencillo
ex. la verda sencillo es…
sordo
deaf
suave
soft
Conjunctions (Conjunctions)
- mientras
- o
- si
- pero
- porque
- por que
Conjunctions
- while
- or
- if
- but
- because
- why
To emphasize a GOAL, a RECIPIENT or a DESTINATION, which preposition do you use…..
POR or PARA
ex. I need glasses to see better
This is for your sister.
We’re going to Madrid.
PARA
ex. Necesito gafas para ver mejor.
Esto es para tu hermana.
Vamos para Madrid.
To emphasize REASONS, PRICES and TIME, you would use which preposition….POR or PARA
Ex. Because of your delay we are going to arrive late.
- They bought it FOR little money.
- You don’t watch television IN the morning.
POR
ex. Por tu demora vamos a llegar tarde.
- Lo compraron por poco dinero.
- No ves television por la manana?
POR examples
2) Por can also indicate how/by which means something is done…
ex. I called you on the telephone.
POR
2) EX. Te llamo por telefono.
….. refers to something that began in the past and is translated as “FOR”
ex. I have been better “FOR” two weeks
She has been in the hospital “FOR” a week
I haven’t gone to the doctor “FOR” four months.
Desde hace
ex. Estoy mejor desde hace dos semanas
Desde hace una semana ella esta en el hospital
No voy al medico desde hace cuatro meses
a specific point in time in the past is indicated by the word which means “since”
ex. I haven’t smoked “SINCE” last year.
I have been ill “SINCE” Saturday.
I haven’t been ill since April.
desde
ex. No fumo “desde” el ano pasado.
Desde el sabado estoy enfermo.
Desde abril no he estado enferma.
what spanish work functions a bit like the english word “ago”. it describes completed actions in the past.
ex. I went to the gym two weeks ‘AGO”
- We ate three hours “AGO”
hace
ex. “hace” dos semanas fui al gimnasio.
- Cominos “hace” tres horas.
ever been
ex. Have you (singular - Informal) ever been to Mexico?
Alguna vez
ex. Alguna vez has estado en Mexico?
Yet
ex. No, I haven’t been there YET
aun
ex. No, aun no he estado alli
bastante
ex. there is enough butter
Enough
ex. Hay BASTANTE mantequilla
algunos
Some
ex. algunos huevos
sensational
ex. what a great sound, its sensational
Sensacional
ex. Que buen sonido, es sensacional
The diminutive with “ - ito “
the ending - ito - is added to nouns, adjectives and adverbs to for the diminutive in Spanish. This makes everyday Spanish alive and expressive
wait a second (lit. a little moment)
she has a tiny (lit. very small) dog.
the girl runs quite (very) fast.
ex.
Espera un momentito
Ella tiene un perro pequenito
La ninas corre rapidito
Just as with adjectives, the diminutive form agrees with gender — ito for masculine & ita for femine
ex.
Mi casa es pequenita, pero hermosa — my house is quite small, but pretty
Manuelito juega con sus primitos y primitas — Little Manuel plays with his little cousins.
diminutive - ito
with wonds ending with - e, -r, -n…ito isn’t added but instead —- cito
ex.
Te preparo un cafecito (el cafe) — shall I make a little cafe?
Mi amorcito, cuanto te quiero! (el amor) — My little daring, how much I love you!
Quiero comprar un pantaloncito rojo para el bebe (el patalon) — I would like to buy a little red pair of pants for the baby.
Me too
Yo igual
pleasant, agreeable
agradable
weak
debil
great / terrific
estupendo / genial / marravioso
fragile
ex. This lamp is fragile
fragil
ex, esta lampara es fragil
strong
fuerte
nice
simpatico
sincere
ex. That man is sincere
sincero
ex. Ese hombre es sincero
stingy / cheap
tacano
typical
tipico
delicious
sabroso / deliciouso
delay
ex. because of your delay, we are going to be late
demora
ex Porque tu demora, vamos a ser tarde
The doubling of the direct object
When a sentence begins with a direct object, usually a direct object pronoun like las or lo is placed after it. The object is therefore doubled.
ex. I see Pablo every day.
The reservations - you’ll make them tomorrow.
ex.
A Pablo lo veo todos los días.
Las reservaciones las hacén mañana.
When todo/a/s is the direct object, there is also a doubling.
ex. The jackets? We sold all of them.
They know everything.
ex.
¿Las chaquetas? Las vendemos todas.
Lo saben todo.
Indirect objects will also commonly be doubled.
I already bought Manuel a ticket.
Did they already give you the present?
I am making a cake for my boyfriend.
ex.
A Manuel ya le compré el billete.
¿Ya te dieron el regalo a ti?
Le estoy haciendo una torta a mi novio.
Choose the correct direct or indirect pronoun
I read the newspaper every day.
We give wine to the guests.
lo, le, la, les, las ex.
El periódico lo leo todos los días.
A los invitados les damos vino.
Choose the correct direct or indirect pronoun
I have just seen Lina and Andrea.
I am writing him a letter.
lo, le, la, les, las ex.
A Lina y Andrea las he visto hace poco.
Le estoy escribiendo una carta a él.
HACE ex
- I was ill a few (lit. some) months “AGO”.
- I saw you two days “AGO”.
HACE ex.
- “hace” unos meses estuve enfermo.
- “Hace” dos dias te vi.
More frequency ex.
My sister normally goes to the park.
They normally do everything.
ex.
Mi hermana normalmente va al parque.
Ellas normalmente hacen todo.
When to use the word “en”…to talk about where something is or happens.
ex. I am in France
We study at the university
I live in the United States
cuando usar la palabra “en
ex. Yo voy en francia
estudiamos en la universidad
yo vivo en estados unidos
sour
They’re drinking a bitter beer.
amarga
Ellos toman una cerveza amarga.
both
Both books are interesting
I like both shirts
ambos
Ambos libros son interesantes.
Me gustan ambas camisetas.
age
edad
Delante, detrás and al lado are all used to describe the position of two objects in relation to one another.
In front of
behind the
next to
on (ie on the table)
Delante de / del ….depends on whether feminine or masculine
detras de / del
al lade de / del
junto de / del
encima de / del
These expressions are always followed by the preposition de
The house is in front of the hospital.
The station is behind the park.
The park is next to the store.
La casa está delante del hospital.
La estación está detrás del parque.
El parque está al lado de la tienda.
Another useful word is entre (between). Note that it is not followed by de.
The store is between the school and the pharmacy.
La tienda está entre el colegio y la farmacia.
Aquí, ahí and allí - part 1/2
To refer to something that is close to the person who is speaking, you can use aquí which means here.
The desk is here in the living room.
El escritorio está aquí en el salón.
Aquí, ahí and allí - part 2/2
In Spanish there are two ways of saying there. Ahí refers to objects that you can see, but can’t reach.
Your book is there on the table.
Allí refers to objects that are no longer visible or far from the speaker, and is equivalent to over there.
The big chair is over there on the terrace.
Tu libro está ahí en la mesa.
La silla grande está allí en la terraza.
Demonstrative Adjectives - part 1/3
Like with aquí, ahí and allí, you can use demonstrative adjectives to describe how much distance is between an item and the speaker.
this – close to the speaker
that – medium distance from the speaker
that over there – far from the speaker
este (masc.) / esta (fem.)
ese (masc.) / esa (fem.)
aquel (masc.) / aquella (fem.)
Heads up! All of these words have to agree in gender and number with the item or person they’re referring to.
Demonstrative Adjectives - part 2/3 ex.
This chair here is made of wood.
That closet there is big. / That lamp (fem.) there doesn’t work.
That window over there is broken. / That yard (masc.) over there has beautiful flowers.
Esta silla de aquí es de madera…Heads up! Este/esta is usually used with aquí.
Ese armario de ahí es grande / Esa lámpara de ahí no funciona….Ese/esa is normally used with ahí.
Aquella ventana de allí está rota. / Aquel jardín de allí tiene flores bonitas…Lastly, aquel/aquella is often used with allí.
Demonstrative Adjectives - part 3/3 ex.
When talking about more than one person or object, you use the ending -os for masculine nouns and -as for feminine nouns:
this mirror (masc.) – these mirrors (masc.)
that window (fem.) – those windows (fem.)
that desk (masc.) over there – those desks (masc.) over there
este espejo – estos espejos
esa ventana – esas ventanas
aquel escritorio – aquellos escritorios
All the time
todo el tiempo.
tidy — messy
ordenado - disordenado
bright — dark
luminoso - oscuro
comfortable — uncomfortable
comodo - incomodo
ever - Have you ever been to Mexico?
never - No, I’ve never been there.
yet - No, I haven’t been there yet.
a couple of times - Yes, I’ve been there a couple of times.
alguna vez - Alguna vez has estado en México?
nunca - No, nunca he estado allí.
aún - No, aún no he estado allí.
un par de veces - Sí, he estado allí un par de veces.
