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Spanish - JB > Spanish Structures - basics > Flashcards

Spanish Structures - basics Flashcards

1
Q

Have to do X

Structure #1

A

tener + que + infinitive

Structure #1

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2
Q

Going to X

Structure #2

A

ir + a + infinitive

Structure #2

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3
Q

Before or after something happens

Structures #3

A

antes + de + inf
después + de + inf

Structures #3

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4
Q

Before or after SOMEONE does something

Structures #4

A

antes + de + que + subj
después + de + que + subj

Structures #4

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5
Q

Someone could have done X

Structure #5a

A

podría + haber + ido/ado

Structure #5a

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6
Q

Someone should have done X

Structure #5b

A

debería + haber + ido/ado

Structure #5b

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7
Q

to be x’ing
make progress x’ing
end up x’ing
history of x’ing
busy x’ing
been doing x (carry time)
spend time x’ing
make someone x
stop x’ing
keep x’ing

Structure #6a

A

estar + ando/iendo
ir + ando/iendo
terminar + ando/iendo
venir + ando/iendo
andar + ando/iendo
llevar + ando/iendo
pasar + ando/iendo
hacer + ando/iendo
parar + ando/iendo
seguir/quedarse + ando/iendo

Structure #6a

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8
Q

describes what someone does

Structure #7

A

es + adj + que + subj

Structure #7

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9
Q

person 1 wants person 2 to do X

Structure #8

A

desire verb + que + subj

desire verbs:
necesitar, querer, esperar, desear, ojala, preferer, pedir

person or it

Structure #8

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10
Q

has just done X

Structure #9

A

acabar + de + uv

Structure #9

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11
Q

finished doing X

Structure #9

A

terminar + de + uv

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12
Q

do X again

Structure #9

A

volver + a + uv

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13
Q

About to do X
(2 options)

Structure #10

A

estar + por + infinitive
estar + a punto de + infinitive

Structure #10

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14
Q

someone wants to do something

Structure #11a

A

changed verb + unchanged verb

Usually cv is desire verbs*:
* necesitar, querer, esperar, desear, ojala, preferer, pedir…
* Quiero ir, Necesito venir, Puedo hacerlo

Structure #11a

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15
Q

Organizes people, places & things

Structure #12

A

article + noun + de + article + noun

Structure #12

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16
Q

upon or when X

Structure #13

A

Al + infinitive

Structure #13

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17
Q

to be done or Is done

ido/ado = past participle

Structure #14

A

estar + ido/ado
ser + ido/ado

terminar + ido/ado
venir, ir…

Structure #14

18
Q

one must X, Is neccesary to do X

Structure #15

A

hay + que + infinitive

Structure #15

19
Q

whenever
wherever
however
whoever
whatever

Structure #16

A

cuando
donde
como
quien
lo que
+
sea + que + subjunctive

Structure #16

20
Q

to what extent X is / was / will be

Structure #17

A

que + tan + adj + ser

Que tan = Cual = How

Structure #17

21
Q

Describes a state or condition someone is in,
OR pretends to be in
OR falls into.

Examples:
*state someone/thing looks like they are in
* state someone falls into
* state someone pretends to be in
*state someone/thing seems to be in

Structure #18

A

reflexive verb + adj (describing word)
Ejemplos:
* verse - you look tired, te ves cansado/a
* quedarse - Me quedo quieto (still)
* hacerse - ??
* parecerse - too look like/resemble, me parezco a mi hermana

Structure #18

22
Q

to be done, will be done

A

ser / estar + ido/ado

23
Q

relates actions to amounts

Structure #20

A

tener / ser / haber +
amount + que + infinitive

Structure #20

24
Q

could be
maybe
perhaps
at least

Structure #21

A

puede + ser + que + subj

tal vez + subj
quizas + subj

porlo menos + subj

Structure #21

25
**Command structure** *Imperative* ## Footnote Structure #22
Command structure: **Use the subjunctive for EVERYthing, except:** *the affirmative 'tu'* uses the *tu* present indicative, but drop the 's'! ## Footnote Structure #22
26
**Irregular +Command verbs** * Saber *(+ and -) * * Ser * Ir * Tener * Poner * Salir * Venir * Hacer * Decir | Imperative tense ## Footnote Structure #22b
*Saber (+ -) = sepa* **Positive Commands:** * Ser = se * Ir = Ve * Tener = Ten * Poner = Pon * Salir = Sal * Venir = Ven * Hacer = Haz * Decir = Di | Imperative tense ## Footnote Structure #22b
27
Used to talk about things that are unintentional. not your fault, you are the victim ## Footnote Structure #23
se + affected party + _changed verb_ ## Footnote Structure #23
28
Because of Due to ## Footnote Structure #24
Por + infinitive Por + noun ## Footnote Structure #24
29
as long as X ## Footnote Structure #25b
con tal que subj ## Footnote Structure #25b
30
as soon as x (4 ways) when x ## Footnote Structure #25b
de que _subj or uv_ apenas _subj or uv_ en cuanto _subj or uv_ tan pronto como _subj or uv_ cuando _subj or uv_ *The use of the subjunctive depends on whether talking about a future (subj) event or a completed or habitual action.* ## Footnote Structure #25b
31
by the time x ## Footnote Structure #25b
para cuando + subj ## Footnote Structure #25b
32
in order to X for 'noun' so that X by the time X ## Footnote Struture #26
para + infinitive para + noun para + que + subj para + cuando + subj ## Footnote Struture #24
33
so that given that since
para que subj así que ya que
34
the X thing ## Footnote Structure #19
lo + adj (describing word) ## Footnote Structure #19
35
to have to do X *(alternative to tener que uv)*
*me te le nos os les* + toca + uv *it falls upon 'person' to do* | similar to tener que uv
36
there is going to be X
**va + a + haber** * Va a haber una fiesta. * No creo que vaya a haber tiempo para hacerlo.
37
the act of x'ing ## Footnote Structure #11b
el + uv + cv ## Footnote Structure #11a
38
**Imperfecto Subjunctive** Imperfect Subjunctive *Past tense subjunctive*
Expresses: *It's too late to change, remorse, regret* **infinitive stem + imperfect subjuctive endings**: +ara ------- Hablara +aras ------ Hablaras +ara ------- Hablara +áramos - Habláramos +aráis ---- Hablaráis +aran ----- Hablaran +iera ------- Corriera +ieras ------ Corrieras +iera ------- Corriera +iéremos - Corriéremos +iereis ----- Corriereis +ieran ------ Corrieran
39
perhaps maybe certainly however, nevertheless therefore by the way meanwhile even though
quizás tal vez ciertamente sin embargo por lo tanto, por eso por cierto mientras tanto a paser de, aunque
40
it has to do with...
tiene que ver...
41
I should have said...
teine que haber dicho

Spanish - JB (13 decks)

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