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Dennis > Spanish Grammar for Dummies > Flashcards

Spanish Grammar for Dummies Flashcards

1
Q

Encender

A

Switch on

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2
Q

Escoger

A

To chose

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3
Q

Ir al grano

A

To go to the grain

Let’s get down to brass tacks or let’s get to the point

Vamos al grano. Let’s get to the point
Vaya al grano Get to the point

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4
Q

Avergonzado

A

Embarrassed

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5
Q

Es de toma pan y moja

A

It takes bread and dip

The idea is when a meal is really good you wipe the plate clean with bread

¡Este trabajo es de toma pan y moja. (This essay is amazing)

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6
Q

Estar chupado

A

To be super easy

To be licked

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7
Q

Aperitivo

A

Snack

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8
Q

Abrumar

A

Overwhelm, overpower
Crush
Oppress
Assail

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9
Q

Importarse un pimiento

A

Important as a small pepper, (it’s trivial)

Me importa un pimiento. I couldn’t care less or I don’t care

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10
Q

Embarazada

A

Pregnant

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11
Q

Gruñir

A

Grumble

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12
Q

Exigir

A

To demand

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13
Q

Importar

A

To care about

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14
Q

Regular -ar and -er verbs whose stems change from e to ie

Boot

Empiezo

A 
Empezar
Entender
Comenzar
Defender
Despertarse
Pensar
Perder
Querer
Recomendar
Sentarse
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15
Q

Ni….ni…

A

No….ni….ni
No…neither….nor

Ella no va a esperar ni aquí, ni en su casa.

She is not going to wait here, nor at her house

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16
Q

Fingir

A

To pretend

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17
Q

¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles?
Which (one)? Which (ones)?
Use when questions involve a choice.

Use ¿Que? (What? or Which?) when a noun follows the interrogative.

A

¿Cuál prefiere usted?
Which (one) do you prefer?

¿Qué libro lees ahora?
Which book are you reading now?

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18
Q

El jarrón

A

The vase

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19
Q

Recordar

A

To remember, to remind

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20
Q

Régimen

A

Diet

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21
Q

Sentirse

A

To feel (well, ill), to suffer

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22
Q

Le

Me. Te. Le. Nos. Os. Les

A

To/for him,her,it or you singular formal (IOP)

Gabriel le compró una rosa a Anita
Gabriel bought a rose for Anita

Gabriel le compró una rosa
Gabriel bought a rose for her

In Spanish it’s common for both the IOP and the noun to which it refers appear together. Because the third person IOP is gender neutral, it is common to maintain the IO phrase in the sentence for clarification.

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23
Q

Verbs that replace the final e or i with d

Poner     Pondr
Salir.       Saldr
Tener.     Tendr
Valer.      Valdr
Venir.      Vendr
A

Future irregular stems

To be worth

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24
Q

Other verbs that work like gustar pg 157

Disgustar
Encantar
Faltar
Fascinar
Importar
Interesar
Molestar
Parecer
A 
To hate 
To love 
To need 
To love, to adore
To care about 
To be interested by
To be bothered by 
To seem to, to appear to
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25
Q

Sentir

El sentir

A

To regret
Feel, sense

Feeling, sensation

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26
Q

Irregular tú commands

Decir
Hacer.         
Ir
Poner 
Salir
Ser 
Tener 
Valer 
Venir
A

Di. No digas Talk away
Haz. No hagas. Make, do
Ve. No vayas. Go
Pon. No pongas. Put
Sal. No salgas. Out, go out
Sé. No seas. Be, don’t be
Ten. No tengas. Have
Val. No valgas. Be worth
Ven. No vengas. Come

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27
Q

Antelación

Tuve que comprar los billetes con antelación

A

Advance

I had to purchase the tickets in advance

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28
Q

Present progressive with verbs other then estar

A 
Andar
Continuar
Ir
Seguir 
Venir

Ando, andas, anda, andamos, andáis, andan

Continúo, continuás, continúa, continuamos, continuáis, continúan

Voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van

Sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen

Vengo, vienes, viene, venimos vanís, vienen

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29
Q

Alcalde

A

Mayor

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30
Q

Ordinal numbers

A 
Primero/primers
Segundo/segunda
Tercero/tercera
Cuarto/cuarta
Quinto/quinta
Sexto/sexta
Séptimo/séptima
Octavo/octava
Noveno/novena
Décimo/décima
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31
Q

Conducir

A

Lead, drive

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32
Q

Yerno/a

A

Son in law

Daughter in law also nuera

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33
Q

Three irregular usted commands

Ir
Saber
Ser

A

Vaya No vaya. Go
Sepa. No sepa. Know
Sea. No sea. Be

Ustedes
Vayan
Sepan
Sean

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34
Q

Vencer

A

To overcome, to conquer

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35
Q

Rociar

A

To sprinkle, spray

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36
Q

Advertir

A

To advise, to give warning

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37
Q

Coger

Cogió la pelota que salió fuera de la cancha

A

To grasp, to grab

He grabbed the ball that went off the field

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38
Q

Varón

A

Male

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39
Q

Entregar

El mensajero entregó el paquete a tiempo

A

Deliver

The courier delivered the package on time

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40
Q

Recoger

A

To gather, to collect

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41
Q

Faltar un tornillo

A

To lack a screw

To have a screw loose

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42
Q

Tomar el pelo

A

To pull someone’s hair

To joke around with someone

¿Me tomas el pelo? Are you kidding me?

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43
Q

Verbs that end in a vowel plus -cer or -cir change the c to zc in the yo form in the present tense

Ofrezco

A 
Ofrecer
Producir
Aparecer
Complacer
Conducir
Conocer
Crecer
Establecer
Permanecer
Reconocer
Traducir
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44
Q

Esparcir

A

To scatter, to spread

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45
Q

Acordarse

A

To remember

47
Q

Zurcir

A

To darn, to mend

49
Q

Estar como una cabra

A

You are crazy

You are like a goat

50
Q

Verbs that end in a consonant plus-cer or - cir change the c to z in the yo form in the present tense

Venzo

A 
Vencer
Esparcir
Coercer
Convencer
Ejercer
Zurcir
51
Q

Present progressive with:

Estar
Andar
Continuar
Ir
Seguir 
Venir
A 
To be
To go around rather than to walk
To continue 
Going around
To continue, to follow 
Comes

Maria está paseando a su perro
Maria is walking her dog

Rudolfo anda buscando su perro
Rudolfo is going around looking for his dog

El bebé continúa durmiendo
The baby continues sleeping

Ella va diciendo que ganó
She’s going around saying that she won

Nosotros seguimos caminando por el bosque
We continue walking through the forest

Agustín viene montando en su bicicleta
Agustin comes riding his bike

53
Q

Acceder

A

Agree

54
Q

Proseguir

A

To continue, proceed

55
Q

Complacer

A

To please

56
Q

Verbs that come complete with a preposition

A 
Apagar.             To turn off 
Aprobar.                Approve of 
Bajar.                     Go down 
Caerse.                  Fall down 
Conocer                Be acquainted with 
Encender.              Turn on 
Envolver.               Wrap up 
Escuchar.               Listen to 
Esperar.                  Hope for, wait for 
Lograr.                   Succeed in 
Mirar.                     Look at 
Pagar.                    Pay for 
Pedir.                     Ask for 
Sacar.                     Take out 
Subir.                      Go up
57
Q

Verbs that end in -guir change the gu to g in the yo form in the present tense.

Distingo
Sigo

A 
Distinguir
Seguir
Conseguir
Extinguir
Perseguir
Proseguir
58
Q

Regular -ir verbs whose stems change from e to i

Boot

Pido

A 
Pedir
Desvestirse
Medir
Repetir
Servir
Vestirse
59
Q

Los gastos

A

The expenses

60
Q

Verbs that are irregular in most all or all of their tense conjugations

A 
Estar
Ir
Oír
Ser
Tener
Venir
Decir
62
Q

Corregir

A

Correct

63
Q

Hembra

A

Female

64
Q

Seguir

A

To follow, pursue, continue

65
Q

So

A

Por eso

Ella no va, por eso no vamos tampoco

She’s not going, so we’re not going either

66
Q

Conseguir

A

To get, obtain

67
Q

Devolver

A

To return (an object), to refund, to give back

68
Q

Confiar (en)

A

To rely (on), to confide (in)

69
Q

Aburrir

Asistir

A

To annoy, to bore
To attend

Aburriendo
Asistiendo

70
Q 
Perezoso/perezosa
Adolorido
Inquieto
Enfadados
Abrumado
Agradecido
Deprimido
Enojado
Mojado
Sorprendido
A 
Lazy 
Sore
Anxious 
Angry 
Overwhelmed 
Grateful 
Depressed 
Angry
Wet
Surprised
71
Q

Huir

A

To flee

72
Q

DOP

Me. Te. Lo. La. Nos. Os. Los. Las.

A

They take the place of the person, place or thing the action is performed on.
“He saw it” - the pronoun “it” is the direct object of saw.

El lo vió

73
Q

Making comparisons of equality use the words “as plus the adverb plus as”

A

Tan as
Como as

Ella maneja tan rápido como su esposo

Este grupo toca su música tan alto como el otro

74
Q

Agitar

A

Shake, agitate

75
Q

Alguno/a. Algún
Algunos/as

Ninguno/a. Ningún

A

Any
Some

None, not any

Ninguno only used in the singular

76
Q

Verbs that drop the final e

Caber Cabr
Poder. Podr
Querer. Querr
Saber Sabr

A

Irregular future stems

To fit

77
Q

Adorar

A

Adore, worship

78
Q

Regular -ar and-er verbs whose stems change from o to ue

Boot

Encuentro

A 
Encontrar
Poder
Acordar
Acordarse
Acostarse
Almorzar
Colgar
Doler
Probar
Probarse
Recordar
Sonar
Soñar
Volar
Volver
79
Q

Use ¿Cuál? Almost exclusively with ser.

Use ¿Que? with ser to ask for a definition.

A

¿Cuál es la fecha hoy?
What’s today’s date?

¿Qué es cuadruplicado?
What is quadruplicate?

80
Q

Criar

A

To raise

81
Q

Carpeta

Puse los examenes en una carpeta

A

Folder

I put the exams in a folder

82
Q

El plomero

A

Plumber

83
Q

Sacudir

A

Shake

84
Q

Estoy como un flan

A

I’m so nervous

85
Q

Orgulloso/a

A

Proud. Estoy orgullosa de tus logros
I’m proud of your accomplishments

Conceited, vain. Soy orgulloso
Roberto’s so proud that he never apologizes
Roberto es tan orgulloso que nunca pide perdón

86
Q

IOP

A

To or for whom or what the action is performed.

Sally gave the ball to Tom

Tom is the IOP because he is receiving the ball

87
Q

Una merienda

A

Snack

88
Q

Verbs that end in -iar or -uar add an accent mark to the i or u in Boot form. Because i and u are weak vowels you have to add an accent mark to have the stress fall on the correct syllable.

Esquío
Actúo

A 
Esquiar
Actuar
Acentuar
Criar
Desafiar
Efectuar
Evaluar
Guiar
Rociar
Variar
89
Q

Poesía

A

Poetry

90
Q

¿Qué día lo harías?

A

What day would you do it?

Hacer. To make, to do

91
Q

Encantar

A

Bewitch
Charm
Enchant
Captivate

92
Q

Arreglar

A

To fix

93
Q

Tú estás como un queso hoy

Mexico

A

You’re looking good today

94
Q

Ciudadano/a

A

Citizens

95
Q

Acabar de

Cuando acabes de comer lava los platos

A

To have just done + infinitive

When you finish eating wash the dishes

Acabsr Finish, terminate, end

96
Q

Let’s command irregular

Ir
Saber
Ser

A

Ir Vamos (let’s go) no vayamos

Saber. Sepamos (let’s know) no sepamos

Ser. Seamos (let’s be) no seamos

97
Q

Verbs that end in -ger or -gir, change the g to j in the yo form in the present tense

A 
Escoger.       Escojo
Fingir.           Finjo
Coger.           Cojo
Dirigir.           Dirijo
Exigir.            Exijo
Proteger.      Protejo
Recoger.       Recojo
Sumergir.     Sumerjo
98
Q

Verbs just have to memorize in future

Decir
Hacer

A

Dir

Har

99
Q

Rather

But

A

No…..sino

No me gusta descansar sino trbajar

I don’t like to rest I’d rather work

No es pobre quien tiene muy poco sino quien ansía demasiado

Poor is not the one who has to little but the one who wants too much

Ansiar. Yearn, desire, covet

100
Q

Using cómo depending on the context used:
Estar How? Temporary
Ser. What? Permanent condition or qualities

A

¿Cómo estás?
How are you?

¿Cómo es el profesor?
What’s the professor like?

¿Cuánto pesa el equipaje?
How heavy is the luggage?

Cómo never directly precedes an adjective or adverb

101
Q

Responder

A

Answer

102
Q

Conocer

A

To be aquatinted with

Use when discussing familiarity or lack thereof with a certain person place or object

103
Q

Urdir

Los marinero pasaron dos semanas urdiendo el motín del barco

A

Scheme, cook up, make up, plot

The sailors schemed the mutiny of the ship for two weeks

Weave

104
Q

Verbs that end in -uir (except those that end in -guir) add a y right after the u before you add the conjugated endings (Boot).

Incluyo

A 
Incluir
Concluir
Construir
Contribuir
Distribuir
Destruir
Huir
Influir
Sustituir
105
Q

Aprobar

Hay que estudiar mucho para aprobar ese examen de espanol

A

To pass

You have to study a lot to pass the Spanish test

106
Q

Lograr

No todos logran sus objectivos en la vida

A

To reach, to be able to

Not everyone reaches their goals in life

107
Q

Sino (conjunction)

No fuimos a la costa sino a la montaña

No es pobre quien tiene muy poco sino quien ansía demasiado

A

But

We didn’t go to the coast but to the mountains

Poor is not the one who has to little but the one who wants to much

108
Q

Ansiar

A

To long for

109
Q

Herir

A

To harm, to wound

110
Q

Corregir

A

Correct

111
Q

Regular -ir verbs whose stems change from e to ie

Boot

Advierto

A 
Advertir
Divertirse
Herir
Mentir
Preferir
Sentirse
111
Q

Coercer

A

To constrain, to restrict

111
Q

Ser

A

To be (describing age, profession, origin, and permanent qualities)

Soy
Eres
Es
Somos
Sois
Son
111
Q

List of verbs that commonly have both a DOP and an IOP

A 
Contar
Dar
Decir
Devolver
Enseñar
Entregar
Escribir
Explicar
Mandar
Ofrecer
Regalar
Traer
Vender
To recount, to tell
To give
To tell, to say
To return (an object), to refund, to give back
To teach, to show
To deliver 
To write
To explain 
To send 
To offer 
To gift 
To bring 
To sell
111
Q

Retraso

Perdón por el retraso; había mucho tráfico hoy

A

Delay

Sorry for the delay there was a lot of traffic today

Dennis (23 decks)

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