Spanish Grammar for Dummies Flashcards
Encender
Switch on
Escoger
To chose
Ir al grano
To go to the grain
Let’s get down to brass tacks or let’s get to the point
Vamos al grano. Let’s get to the point
Vaya al grano Get to the point
Avergonzado
Embarrassed
Es de toma pan y moja
It takes bread and dip
The idea is when a meal is really good you wipe the plate clean with bread
¡Este trabajo es de toma pan y moja. (This essay is amazing)
Estar chupado
To be super easy
To be licked
Aperitivo
Snack
Abrumar
Overwhelm, overpower
Crush
Oppress
Assail
Importarse un pimiento
Important as a small pepper, (it’s trivial)
Me importa un pimiento. I couldn’t care less or I don’t care
Embarazada
Pregnant
Gruñir
Grumble
Exigir
To demand
Importar
To care about
Regular -ar and -er verbs whose stems change from e to ie
Boot
Empiezo
Empezar Entender Comenzar Defender Despertarse Pensar Perder Querer Recomendar Sentarse
Ni….ni…
No….ni….ni
No…neither….nor
Ella no va a esperar ni aquí, ni en su casa.
She is not going to wait here, nor at her house
Fingir
To pretend
¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles?
Which (one)? Which (ones)?
Use when questions involve a choice.
Use ¿Que? (What? or Which?) when a noun follows the interrogative.
¿Cuál prefiere usted?
Which (one) do you prefer?
¿Qué libro lees ahora?
Which book are you reading now?
El jarrón
The vase
Recordar
To remember, to remind
Régimen
Diet
Sentirse
To feel (well, ill), to suffer
Le
Me. Te. Le. Nos. Os. Les
To/for him,her,it or you singular formal (IOP)
Gabriel le compró una rosa a Anita
Gabriel bought a rose for Anita
Gabriel le compró una rosa
Gabriel bought a rose for her
In Spanish it’s common for both the IOP and the noun to which it refers appear together. Because the third person IOP is gender neutral, it is common to maintain the IO phrase in the sentence for clarification.
Verbs that replace the final e or i with d
Poner Pondr Salir. Saldr Tener. Tendr Valer. Valdr Venir. Vendr
Future irregular stems
To be worth
Other verbs that work like gustar pg 157
Disgustar Encantar Faltar Fascinar Importar Interesar Molestar Parecer
To hate To love To need To love, to adore To care about To be interested by To be bothered by To seem to, to appear to
Sentir
El sentir
To regret
Feel, sense
Feeling, sensation
Irregular tú commands
Decir Hacer. Ir Poner Salir Ser Tener Valer Venir
Di. No digas Talk away
Haz. No hagas. Make, do
Ve. No vayas. Go
Pon. No pongas. Put
Sal. No salgas. Out, go out
Sé. No seas. Be, don’t be
Ten. No tengas. Have
Val. No valgas. Be worth
Ven. No vengas. Come
Antelación
Tuve que comprar los billetes con antelación
Advance
I had to purchase the tickets in advance
Present progressive with verbs other then estar
Andar Continuar Ir Seguir Venir
Ando, andas, anda, andamos, andáis, andan
Continúo, continuás, continúa, continuamos, continuáis, continúan
Voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
Sigo, sigues, sigue, seguimos, seguís, siguen
Vengo, vienes, viene, venimos vanís, vienen
Alcalde
Mayor
Ordinal numbers
Primero/primers Segundo/segunda Tercero/tercera Cuarto/cuarta Quinto/quinta Sexto/sexta Séptimo/séptima Octavo/octava Noveno/novena Décimo/décima
Conducir
Lead, drive
Yerno/a
Son in law
Daughter in law also nuera
Three irregular usted commands
Ir
Saber
Ser
Vaya No vaya. Go
Sepa. No sepa. Know
Sea. No sea. Be
Ustedes
Vayan
Sepan
Sean
Vencer
To overcome, to conquer
Rociar
To sprinkle, spray
Advertir
To advise, to give warning
Coger
Cogió la pelota que salió fuera de la cancha
To grasp, to grab
He grabbed the ball that went off the field
Varón
Male
Entregar
El mensajero entregó el paquete a tiempo
Deliver
The courier delivered the package on time
Recoger
To gather, to collect
Faltar un tornillo
To lack a screw
To have a screw loose
Tomar el pelo
To pull someone’s hair
To joke around with someone
¿Me tomas el pelo? Are you kidding me?
Verbs that end in a vowel plus -cer or -cir change the c to zc in the yo form in the present tense
Ofrezco
Ofrecer Producir Aparecer Complacer Conducir Conocer Crecer Establecer Permanecer Reconocer Traducir
Esparcir
To scatter, to spread
Acordarse
To remember
Zurcir
To darn, to mend
Estar como una cabra
You are crazy
You are like a goat
Verbs that end in a consonant plus-cer or - cir change the c to z in the yo form in the present tense
Venzo
Vencer Esparcir Coercer Convencer Ejercer Zurcir
Present progressive with:
Estar Andar Continuar Ir Seguir Venir
To be To go around rather than to walk To continue Going around To continue, to follow Comes
Maria está paseando a su perro
Maria is walking her dog
Rudolfo anda buscando su perro
Rudolfo is going around looking for his dog
El bebé continúa durmiendo
The baby continues sleeping
Ella va diciendo que ganó
She’s going around saying that she won
Nosotros seguimos caminando por el bosque
We continue walking through the forest
Agustín viene montando en su bicicleta
Agustin comes riding his bike
Acceder
Agree
Proseguir
To continue, proceed
Complacer
To please
Verbs that come complete with a preposition
Apagar. To turn off Aprobar. Approve of Bajar. Go down Caerse. Fall down Conocer Be acquainted with Encender. Turn on Envolver. Wrap up Escuchar. Listen to Esperar. Hope for, wait for Lograr. Succeed in Mirar. Look at Pagar. Pay for Pedir. Ask for Sacar. Take out Subir. Go up
Verbs that end in -guir change the gu to g in the yo form in the present tense.
Distingo
Sigo
Distinguir Seguir Conseguir Extinguir Perseguir Proseguir
Regular -ir verbs whose stems change from e to i
Boot
Pido
Pedir Desvestirse Medir Repetir Servir Vestirse
Los gastos
The expenses
Verbs that are irregular in most all or all of their tense conjugations
Estar Ir Oír Ser Tener Venir Decir
Corregir
Correct
Hembra
Female
Seguir
To follow, pursue, continue
So
Por eso
Ella no va, por eso no vamos tampoco
She’s not going, so we’re not going either
Conseguir
To get, obtain
Devolver
To return (an object), to refund, to give back
Confiar (en)
To rely (on), to confide (in)
Aburrir
Asistir
To annoy, to bore
To attend
Aburriendo
Asistiendo
Perezoso/perezosa Adolorido Inquieto Enfadados Abrumado Agradecido Deprimido Enojado Mojado Sorprendido
Lazy Sore Anxious Angry Overwhelmed Grateful Depressed Angry Wet Surprised
Huir
To flee
DOP
Me. Te. Lo. La. Nos. Os. Los. Las.
They take the place of the person, place or thing the action is performed on.
“He saw it” - the pronoun “it” is the direct object of saw.
El lo vió
Making comparisons of equality use the words “as plus the adverb plus as”
Tan as
Como as
Ella maneja tan rápido como su esposo
Este grupo toca su música tan alto como el otro
Agitar
Shake, agitate
Alguno/a. Algún
Algunos/as
Ninguno/a. Ningún
Any
Some
None, not any
Ninguno only used in the singular
Verbs that drop the final e
Caber Cabr
Poder. Podr
Querer. Querr
Saber Sabr
Irregular future stems
To fit
Adorar
Adore, worship
Regular -ar and-er verbs whose stems change from o to ue
Boot
Encuentro
Encontrar Poder Acordar Acordarse Acostarse Almorzar Colgar Doler Probar Probarse Recordar Sonar Soñar Volar Volver
Use ¿Cuál? Almost exclusively with ser.
Use ¿Que? with ser to ask for a definition.
¿Cuál es la fecha hoy?
What’s today’s date?
¿Qué es cuadruplicado?
What is quadruplicate?
Criar
To raise
Carpeta
Puse los examenes en una carpeta
Folder
I put the exams in a folder
El plomero
Plumber
Sacudir
Shake
Estoy como un flan
I’m so nervous
Orgulloso/a
Proud. Estoy orgullosa de tus logros
I’m proud of your accomplishments
Conceited, vain. Soy orgulloso
Roberto’s so proud that he never apologizes
Roberto es tan orgulloso que nunca pide perdón
IOP
To or for whom or what the action is performed.
Sally gave the ball to Tom
Tom is the IOP because he is receiving the ball
Una merienda
Snack
Verbs that end in -iar or -uar add an accent mark to the i or u in Boot form. Because i and u are weak vowels you have to add an accent mark to have the stress fall on the correct syllable.
Esquío
Actúo
Esquiar Actuar Acentuar Criar Desafiar Efectuar Evaluar Guiar Rociar Variar
Poesía
Poetry
¿Qué día lo harías?
What day would you do it?
Hacer. To make, to do
Encantar
Bewitch
Charm
Enchant
Captivate
Arreglar
To fix
Tú estás como un queso hoy
Mexico
You’re looking good today
Ciudadano/a
Citizens
Acabar de
Cuando acabes de comer lava los platos
To have just done + infinitive
When you finish eating wash the dishes
Acabsr Finish, terminate, end
Let’s command irregular
Ir
Saber
Ser
Ir Vamos (let’s go) no vayamos
Saber. Sepamos (let’s know) no sepamos
Ser. Seamos (let’s be) no seamos
Verbs that end in -ger or -gir, change the g to j in the yo form in the present tense
Escoger. Escojo Fingir. Finjo Coger. Cojo Dirigir. Dirijo Exigir. Exijo Proteger. Protejo Recoger. Recojo Sumergir. Sumerjo
Verbs just have to memorize in future
Decir
Hacer
Dir
Har
Rather
But
No…..sino
No me gusta descansar sino trbajar
I don’t like to rest I’d rather work
No es pobre quien tiene muy poco sino quien ansía demasiado
Poor is not the one who has to little but the one who wants too much
Ansiar. Yearn, desire, covet
Using cómo depending on the context used:
Estar How? Temporary
Ser. What? Permanent condition or qualities
¿Cómo estás?
How are you?
¿Cómo es el profesor?
What’s the professor like?
¿Cuánto pesa el equipaje?
How heavy is the luggage?
Cómo never directly precedes an adjective or adverb
Responder
Answer
Conocer
To be aquatinted with
Use when discussing familiarity or lack thereof with a certain person place or object
Urdir
Los marinero pasaron dos semanas urdiendo el motín del barco
Scheme, cook up, make up, plot
The sailors schemed the mutiny of the ship for two weeks
Weave
Verbs that end in -uir (except those that end in -guir) add a y right after the u before you add the conjugated endings (Boot).
Incluyo
Incluir Concluir Construir Contribuir Distribuir Destruir Huir Influir Sustituir
Aprobar
Hay que estudiar mucho para aprobar ese examen de espanol
To pass
You have to study a lot to pass the Spanish test
Lograr
No todos logran sus objectivos en la vida
To reach, to be able to
Not everyone reaches their goals in life
Sino (conjunction)
No fuimos a la costa sino a la montaña
No es pobre quien tiene muy poco sino quien ansía demasiado
But
We didn’t go to the coast but to the mountains
Poor is not the one who has to little but the one who wants to much
Ansiar
To long for
Herir
To harm, to wound
Corregir
Correct
Regular -ir verbs whose stems change from e to ie
Boot
Advierto
Advertir Divertirse Herir Mentir Preferir Sentirse
Coercer
To constrain, to restrict
Ser
To be (describing age, profession, origin, and permanent qualities)
Soy Eres Es Somos Sois Son
List of verbs that commonly have both a DOP and an IOP
Contar Dar Decir Devolver Enseñar Entregar Escribir Explicar Mandar Ofrecer Regalar Traer Vender
To recount, to tell To give To tell, to say To return (an object), to refund, to give back To teach, to show To deliver To write To explain To send To offer To gift To bring To sell
Retraso
Perdón por el retraso; había mucho tráfico hoy
Delay
Sorry for the delay there was a lot of traffic today
