Spanish conquest of Aztec and Inca Flashcards
How did Spanish, Portuguese, British, and French create the societies?
They generated wholly new societies born of the destruction of Native American populations and the introduction of European and African people, cultures, plants, and animals.
mercantilism
held that governments served their countries’ economic interests by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion (silver and gold)
Conquest of the Inca and Aztec empires
Gave Spain access to the most wealthy, urbanized, and densely populated regions of the Western Hemisphere. The Spanish in Mexico and Peru established nearly a dozen major cities and universities before the British had begun their colonizing of North America
encomienda (Spanish)
a forced labor system where native peoples provided most of the labor
hacienda
a system where private owners of large estates directly employed native workers with low wages, high taxes, and large debts
peons
the people who worked these estates who had low wages and high taxes; had no control over their lives or their livelihood
repartimiento
allowed certain colonists to recruit indigenous people for forced labor
creoles
Spaniards born in the Americas
peninsulares
people born in Spain
“purity of blood”
strengthened laws against anyone of Jewish ancestry
mestizo
multiracial; especially having Spanish and indigenous decent
mestizas
women of various racial backgrounds who worked as domestic servants or in other husbands shops, wove cloth, and manufactured candles and cigars
castas
the separate groups that multiracial people were divided into based on their precise racial heritage and skin color
Indians in Spain
Everything in their culture was destroyed by the Spanish. Ultimately the Spaniards, mestizos, and Indians represented the major categories in the colonial lands of the previous Aztec and Inca empires.
