Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Flashcards
Ptolemaic conception of the universe
Earth was the center of the universe (geocentric)
Copernicus
believed the sun was the center but was motionless w/ 8 spheres (Heliocentric); published his book about his ideas the year he died because he was afraid of being “damned”
Brahe
Danish nobleman given a castle for precise observations and he observed the movement of the universe and collected data.
Keppler
Brahe’s assistant and used his data to create 3 laws of planetary motion.
1) rejected copernicus idea by showing that the orbits of the planets around the sun arent circular, but elliptical at one focus of the ellipse
2) planet’s speed increases when its closer to the sun and vv
3)plants with larger orbits revolve ata slower average velocity than those w/ smaller orbits
Newton
Law of gravity and developed calculus
Galileo
math teacher and first european to make systematic observations
Deism
abstract concept of god as a clockmaker; there was nothing left to do than run its course
Pantheism
God is ever-present in nature; everywhere
Voltaire
believer in tolerations, moral aproach, and rationality; we are all brothers and he criticized Europe’s artistocracy
Enlightenment
one’s own understanding without other’s guidance
Thomas Hobbes
pessimistic; believed mankind to be selfish and promoted absolute monarchy and unlimited power
John Locke
optimistic; people are good and born with natural rights of life, liberty, and property.Need of a constitution/social contract
Karl Marx
class conflict
Charles darwin
evolution
sigmund ford
id vs. superego (psychoanalysis)
Baron de Montesquieu
Separation of powers; Legislative makes laws, executive enforces them, judicial interprets them.
Baron de Montesquieu’s thoughts on dangers of combining the three branches
systems of oppression, racist systems
Eurocentrism
the fact of seeing from the point of view of Europe/ Europeans
Adam Smith
“Wealth of Nations”- self interested/ greedy sellers motivate the economy. When supply is low value goes up and when supply is too high they have to sell it for cheaper. Free markets are not controlled by the gov.
according to John Locke, what rights do people have when the gov acts in a way to deny any of their rights or property?
right to rebel; start a revolution
