Spain General Flashcards
What are the two most planted grapes in Spain
Airén
-pale skinned grape of La Mancha planted for brandy production
Tempranillo
What is the name of this hilltop castle?
Protos- a co-op based in penafiel (which is in Ribera del Duero)
The two major grapes of Toro
1) Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)
-Min 75%
OR
85% Granacha
2) Verdejo
Rueda DO.
Principle white grapes
Principle red grape
Verdejo & Sauvignon Blanc
-Min 50% combined
Tempranillo
-Min 50%
Navarra DO
60% red
30% Rosado Wines
What are the Major red grapes (2) and the predominate White grape
Granacha and Tempranillo
Chardonnay is leading white.
What are Navarra’s 5 sub zones?
Valdizarbe
Baja Montaña
Tierra Estella
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja
4 Estates received their own DO Pago appellations in Navarra. What are they
Tierra Estella:
-Señorío de Arínzano
-Prado Irache
Valdizarbe
-Bodegas Otazu
Ribera Baja
-Bolandín
Navarra DO
-Ribera Baja
a rain shadow effect Ribera Baja. What is the name of that range?
To the south of Ribera Baja you have the Sierra del Moncayo.
Mountain range that is South of Rioja
Sierra de la Denanda
Map of Rioja:
Name the three sub regions
Rioja Alta - SW zone, warmer, classic Tempranillo,
Rioja Alavesa - smallest, northern most, freshest
Rioja Oriental - Alluvial soils, ferrous clay, hottest , Grenache performs best here
What mountain range divides Spain and France
Pyrenees Mountains
This river emerges from the Cantabrain Mountains and flows southeast toward the mediterranean. It also passes through Rioja DOCa
What is the name of this river?
Ebro River
Leading red and white grape of Rioja
R: Tempranillo
W: Viura (known elsewhere as Macabéo)
In Rioja DOCa a minimum this percent must be met if the red wines are destemmed.
if wines are not destemmed they must meet this minimum
95% of authorized red grapes if destemmed
Min 85% if whole cluster or whole berries are used
In Rioja DOCa what requirements must be met to label a single vineyard (viñedo singular)
winery must have 10 years history w/vineyard
vines must be 35yrs old
manually harvested
100% grapes must come from vineyard
Name the 5 DO’s of Galicia
Rias Baixas
Monterri
Ribeiro
Ribeira Sacra
Valdeorras
explain the differences of each sub region in Rias Baixas
What are the blends?
North to South:
Ribeira do Ulla
Val do Salnés -most important and dampest
Soutomaior
Condado do Tea- highest, coolest, furthest from sea
O Rosal -best sites are south facing slopes , lower acid
Ribeira do Ulla or val do Salnés must contain a minimum of 70% recommended varieties: Albarino, Loureiro, Treixadura, Caiño Blanco.
O Roscal & Condado do Tea: Min 70% combined Albarino and Loureira
What vine training system is common in Rias-Baixas due to the crazy amount of moisture
Parras - Horizontal trellises well above should height
Often trained up posts of granite, the common building material in this part of the world.
When did the legislation for single vineyards pass in Spain?
As of what year may producers register their Vinedos Singulares
2017 - Legislation passed
2018 - May start applying and labeling
Aging requirements for Rioja DOCa
Oak cask must be 225 liters in capacity
Crianza
R: 2yrs, 1 in oak
W: 18months, 6 in oak
Reserva
R: 3yrs, 1 in oak, 6 in btl
W: 2yrs, 6 months in oak
Gran Reserva
R: 5 yrs, 2 in oak, 2 in btl
W: 4yrs, 6 months in oak
The Duero River flows through these regions in Spain
Toro
Rueda
Ribera del Duero
Tierra del Vino de Zamora
Arribes
Main Soil type of Priorat DOQ
Llicorella - Reddish/black slate with small particles of Mica quartz.
Great drainage resulting in the vine having to dig deep for water. The soils are unusually cool and damp.
Leading grape varietal in Priorat DOQ
Cariñena. however, theses wines are fairly rough and not what the region is most famous for
Priorat DOQ is famous for wines that are ____?
Full bodied reds, classic Priorat wine is made from old vine Granacha and Cariñena
What do the following terms mean in Spain:
Noble
Anejo
Viejo
Noble and anejo must be in cask less than 600L
Noble - 18months in Cask
Anejo - 24 months in cask
Viejo - 36 months in cask and demonstrate oxidative character
Name all 16 Autonomías of Spain
Andalucía
Aragón
Asturias
Balearic Islands/Illes Balears
Basque Country/Euskadi
Canary Islands/Islas Canarias
Castilla-La Mancha
Castilla y León
Catalonia/Catalunya
Extremadura
Galicia
La Rioja
Madrid
Murcia
Navarra
Valencia
What are the two DO Zones for Sherry production
Jerez-Xérès-Sherry
Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda
What are the two winds that effect Sherry production
Poniente - Cool Atlantic breeze, humid
Levante - Hot dry wind. Blows from east
Three towns of Sherry production
Jerez de la Frontera
El Puerto de Santa Maria
Sanlucar de Barrameda
Three principle soil types of sherry
Alabariza - Chalky, porous, limestone rich soils of brilliant white color.
Barros - Clay. in low lying valleys
Arenas - Sand. common in coastal areas
three white grapes authorized for the production of Sherry
Palomino (Listan) 95% of the vineyard acreage in Jerez
Pedro Ximenez (PX)
Moscatel (muscat od Alexandria)
What is the soleo process
grape bunches are dried in the sun on esparto grass mats prior to pressing
This vine training is commonly used in Jerez
Vara Y Pulgar
in which growers prune alternate spurs each year: one year’s vara (stick) will be pruned back after harvest to become the following year’s pulgar (thumb)
What are the terms for the different pressings of Sherry Must
Primer Yema (free run) 60-70 of total
Segunda Yema (press wine)
Mosto Prensa (Poor quality used for distillation)
Palomino Grape is known to have these characteristics as a grape
Having super low acid
Being prone to oxidizing
Sherry wines from each pressing are destined for different things. What are Primera and Segunda destined for?
Primera Yema wines typically go towards Biological aging (aging under flor)
Segunda Yema go towards the more oxidative path (oloroso)
What is the Strait that separates Africa and Spain called?
The Strait of Girbraltar
Rueda DO produces a dry, fortified wine that is oxidized. What is the name of this local specialty
Dorado
Often times oxidized in glass balloons
What is the western most major city in Rioja.
What is the Eastern most major city in Rioja
Haro is the Western most
Alfaro is the Eastern most
as of 2018 producers may register a “Vinedos Singulares” (single vineyard) however, they must follow these regulations
-Vineyard must be 35 years old
-The estate must have proof that it has been working with the vineyard for at least 10 years
-Wine must pass a tasting panel
-Hand Harvesting and lower yields
Where would I find Gratallops
Gratallops is a village in Priorat.
in 1989 Rene Barbier of Clos Mogador persuaded 4 of his friends to share winemaking premises and grapes in the village of Gratallops. Their wines shined a light on how great and concentrated the wines from Priorat could be
Priorat is protected from the Northwest by _______
The Sierra de Montsant
What are some synonyms for Tempranillo and where do they use those synonyms
Tinta de Toro - Toro DO
Tinto del País - Ribera del Duero DO
Tinto Fino - Madrid DO
Ull de Llebre - Medio- Penedes
Cencibel - Castilla La Mancha DO, Southern Spain
Soleo is what?
Soleo is a process of drying grapes on esparto mats in the Malaga DO. Wines from the region are naturally sweet or Fortified. The fortified wines undergo solar aging in American Oak.
This river crosses through Bierzo DO, Valdeorras DO, and Ribeira Sacra before dumping into the Mino River. What is the name of this River?
The Sil River!
What does the labeling term Elaborador Integral mean on a wine label?
a Label given to winery that controls the entire production of its Cava from harvesting to bottling and does so within its own facilities and vineyards!
What are the 4 age designations and colors that Cava uses for ease of purchaser
Cava de Garda - 9 months lees. Green Foil
Cava de Garda Superior Reserva 18 months lees. Silver Foil
Cava de Garda Superior Gran Reserva - 30 months lees. Gold Foil
Cava de Paraje Calificado - 36 months lees. Antique Gold Foil
What does the term Rancio refer too?
Rancio refers to the wine’s aging in partially filled barrels, and environment that favors oxidation.
What is Dorado and where is this style of wine found?
Found in Rueda DO which is in Castilla y Leon.
Made from Palomino Fino, Verdejo or a combination of the two. This is a traditional oxidative style of fortified wine. Must have at least 15% ABV and must be aged in barrel for at least two years prior to release.
What is Rueda Pálido?
Made from Palomino Fino, Verdejo, or a combination of the two, this biologically aged style of fortified wine dates back centuries but fell out of style during phylloxera’s razing of vineyards. Similar to fino, manzanilla, or vin jaune, a thin layer of yeast protects the wine from exposure to oxygen. Similar to Dorado, Rueda Pálido must achieve 15% ABV but requires three years of barrel aging before release.
What does the rare labeling term “Summum” refer to on a bottle of wine and what DO is it used in?
“Summum” is a rare labeling term used in Ribeira Sacra DO.
The term refers to the use of at least 85% principle grapes for both white and red.
What are the 3 DO’s of Basque Country?
Getariako Txakolina - 95% of vineyards are Hondarrabi Zuri - White wine
Bizkaiko Txakolina
Arabako Txakolina
What are the red grapes of Rías Baixas DO?
Caiño Tinto
Espadiero
Mencia
This river separates Rías Baixas from Portugal
The Miño River
What are the preferred red and white grapes from Ribeiro DO?
What is the local specialty?
W: Treixadura
R: Caiño Tinto
Local Specialty: Vino Tostado. Dried grape wine!
What are the 5 subregions of Ribeira Sacra DO.
The Sacred Bank
Chantada
Amandi
Ribeiras do Miño
Ribeiras do Sil
Quiroga-Bibei
What is the southern most DO in Galicia?
Monterrei DO. The Támega river runs south towards the Douro
White wines of Ribera del Duero DO min this grape
Min 75% Albillo Mayor.
Albillo Mayor is an early-ripening grape.
In Penedes DO this grape is called
“Ull de Llebre”
what grape is it?
Tempranillo
in Ribera del Duero DO this grape is called “Tinto del Pais”
What is the grape?
Tempranillo.
To be labeled as Ribera del Duero the reds must be a min of 75% Tempanillo
What is a local speciality of Rueda DO?
Dorado - an occasional dry fortified, oxidized wine.
Min 4 years agin
2 of which are in oak
What are the Rosado or Clarete grape minimums.
min 50% authorized red varieties:
Tinta del Pais/Tinto Fino
Garnacha
Malbec
Merlot
CS
Albillo Mayor
This Autonomía of Spain debuted the traditional method. It was the place SS was introduced in 1960s. It was the region René Barbier sought to make bold red wine. What is the name?
Catalonia
Priorat DOCa has two recommended red grapes. What are they?
Garnacha & Carignan
These Licorella soils are composed of Schistose Mica and Quartzite. What region are they found in?
Priorat DOCa
The Alt, Medio, and Baix subregions of Penedes each have their own grape that does well there. Name those grapes
Alt-Penedes: Parellada
Medio-Penedes: Tempranillo (Ull de Llebre)
Baix: Garnacha and Monastrell
Sant Sadurni d’Anoia is the birthplace of this style of wine in Spain
Cava!
The village of Sant Sadurni d’Anoia is in Alt-Penedes. Jose Raventos of Codorniu introduced traditional method sparkling wines in 1872!
Bierzo has two sub regions. What are they and where do they lie geographically?
Alto Bierzo - Mountainside plantings. Quartz and slate soils here
Bajo Bierzo - Low-lying and flatter. Deep-clay alluvial soils here
Villa de Paraje wines in Bierzo are see as analogous to what wines in Burgundy?
When did this new wine category start in Bierzo?
Seen as analogous to Burgundy’s Lieux-Dits. Designated to specific parcels
Ribera del Duero DO.
Major White and Red Grape
White: Albillo Mayor 75% min
- approved 2019
Red: Tempranillo 75% min
(enjoys near monopoly (95%) on its vineyards
Gran Añada means what on a bottle of Rueda DO wine?
Gran Añada means the espumoso wine has been Sur lie aged 36 months or more
Toro DO, reds here are the spotlight wines.
Major red grapes.
Major white grapes
R: Tinta de Toro min 75%, Garnacha min 85%
W: Verdejo, Malvasia, Albillo Real, Muscat a petit grains
What is a Hoyo and where can you find this?
Lanzarote - Cannery Islands
Digging crater-like hollows (called hoyos or gerias) by hand, vintners plant their vines deep into the soil, past the layers of ash. They fence off the sea-facing side with low, semi-circular walls made with lava stone. This protects the vines from winds blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean.
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