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Spain General Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two most planted grapes in Spain

A

Airén
-pale skinned grape of La Mancha planted for brandy production
Tempranillo

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2
Q

What is the name of this hilltop castle?

A

Protos- a co-op based in penafiel (which is in Ribera del Duero)

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3
Q

The two major grapes of Toro

A

1) Tinta de Toro (Tempranillo)
-Min 75%
OR
85% Granacha

2) Verdejo

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4
Q

Rueda DO.
Principle white grapes
Principle red grape

A

Verdejo & Sauvignon Blanc
-Min 50% combined
Tempranillo
-Min 50%

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5
Q

Navarra DO
60% red
30% Rosado Wines
What are the Major red grapes (2) and the predominate White grape

A

Granacha and Tempranillo

Chardonnay is leading white.

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6
Q

What are Navarra’s 5 sub zones?

A

Valdizarbe
Baja Montaña
Tierra Estella
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja

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7
Q

4 Estates received their own DO Pago appellations in Navarra. What are they

A

Tierra Estella:
-Señorío de Arínzano
-Prado Irache

Valdizarbe
-Bodegas Otazu

Ribera Baja
-Bolandín

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8
Q

Navarra DO
-Ribera Baja
a rain shadow effect Ribera Baja. What is the name of that range?

A

To the south of Ribera Baja you have the Sierra del Moncayo.

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9
Q

Mountain range that is South of Rioja

A

Sierra de la Denanda

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10
Q

Map of Rioja:
Name the three sub regions

A

Rioja Alta - SW zone, warmer, classic Tempranillo,
Rioja Alavesa - smallest, northern most, freshest
Rioja Oriental - Alluvial soils, ferrous clay, hottest , Grenache performs best here

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11
Q

What mountain range divides Spain and France

A

Pyrenees Mountains

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12
Q

This river emerges from the Cantabrain Mountains and flows southeast toward the mediterranean. It also passes through Rioja DOCa
What is the name of this river?

A

Ebro River

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13
Q

Leading red and white grape of Rioja

A

R: Tempranillo
W: Viura (known elsewhere as Macabéo)

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14
Q

In Rioja DOCa a minimum this percent must be met if the red wines are destemmed.

if wines are not destemmed they must meet this minimum

A

95% of authorized red grapes if destemmed

Min 85% if whole cluster or whole berries are used

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15
Q

In Rioja DOCa what requirements must be met to label a single vineyard (viñedo singular)

A

winery must have 10 years history w/vineyard
vines must be 35yrs old
manually harvested
100% grapes must come from vineyard

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16
Q

Name the 5 DO’s of Galicia

A

Rias Baixas
Monterri
Ribeiro
Ribeira Sacra
Valdeorras

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17
Q

explain the differences of each sub region in Rias Baixas

What are the blends?

A

North to South:
Ribeira do Ulla
Val do Salnés -most important and dampest
Soutomaior
Condado do Tea- highest, coolest, furthest from sea
O Rosal -best sites are south facing slopes , lower acid

Ribeira do Ulla or val do Salnés must contain a minimum of 70% recommended varieties: Albarino, Loureiro, Treixadura, Caiño Blanco.

O Roscal & Condado do Tea: Min 70% combined Albarino and Loureira

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18
Q

What vine training system is common in Rias-Baixas due to the crazy amount of moisture

A

Parras - Horizontal trellises well above should height
Often trained up posts of granite, the common building material in this part of the world.

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19
Q

When did the legislation for single vineyards pass in Spain?

As of what year may producers register their Vinedos Singulares

A

2017 - Legislation passed

2018 - May start applying and labeling

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20
Q

Aging requirements for Rioja DOCa

Oak cask must be 225 liters in capacity

A

Crianza
R: 2yrs, 1 in oak
W: 18months, 6 in oak
Reserva
R: 3yrs, 1 in oak, 6 in btl
W: 2yrs, 6 months in oak
Gran Reserva
R: 5 yrs, 2 in oak, 2 in btl
W: 4yrs, 6 months in oak

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21
Q

The Duero River flows through these regions in Spain

A

Toro
Rueda
Ribera del Duero
Tierra del Vino de Zamora
Arribes

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22
Q

Main Soil type of Priorat DOQ

A

Llicorella - Reddish/black slate with small particles of Mica quartz.

Great drainage resulting in the vine having to dig deep for water. The soils are unusually cool and damp.

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23
Q

Leading grape varietal in Priorat DOQ

A

Cariñena. however, theses wines are fairly rough and not what the region is most famous for

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24
Q

Priorat DOQ is famous for wines that are ____?

A

Full bodied reds, classic Priorat wine is made from old vine Granacha and Cariñena

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25
Q

What do the following terms mean in Spain:
Noble
Anejo
Viejo

A

Noble and anejo must be in cask less than 600L
Noble - 18months in Cask
Anejo - 24 months in cask
Viejo - 36 months in cask and demonstrate oxidative character

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26
Q

Name all 16 Autonomías of Spain

A

Andalucía
Aragón
Asturias
Balearic Islands/Illes Balears
Basque Country/Euskadi
Canary Islands/Islas Canarias
Castilla-La Mancha
Castilla y León
Catalonia/Catalunya
Extremadura
Galicia
La Rioja
Madrid
Murcia
Navarra
Valencia

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27
Q

What are the two DO Zones for Sherry production

A

Jerez-Xérès-Sherry
Manzanilla-Sanlúcar de Barrameda

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28
Q

What are the two winds that effect Sherry production

A

Poniente - Cool Atlantic breeze, humid
Levante - Hot dry wind. Blows from east

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29
Q

Three towns of Sherry production

A

Jerez de la Frontera
El Puerto de Santa Maria
Sanlucar de Barrameda

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30
Q

Three principle soil types of sherry

A

Alabariza - Chalky, porous, limestone rich soils of brilliant white color.
Barros - Clay. in low lying valleys
Arenas - Sand. common in coastal areas

31
Q

three white grapes authorized for the production of Sherry

A

Palomino (Listan) 95% of the vineyard acreage in Jerez
Pedro Ximenez (PX)
Moscatel (muscat od Alexandria)

32
Q

What is the soleo process

A

grape bunches are dried in the sun on esparto grass mats prior to pressing

33
Q

This vine training is commonly used in Jerez

A

Vara Y Pulgar
in which growers prune alternate spurs each year: one year’s vara (stick) will be pruned back after harvest to become the following year’s pulgar (thumb)

34
Q

What are the terms for the different pressings of Sherry Must

A

Primer Yema (free run) 60-70 of total
Segunda Yema (press wine)
Mosto Prensa (Poor quality used for distillation)

35
Q

Palomino Grape is known to have these characteristics as a grape

A

Having super low acid
Being prone to oxidizing

36
Q

Sherry wines from each pressing are destined for different things. What are Primera and Segunda destined for?

A

Primera Yema wines typically go towards Biological aging (aging under flor)
Segunda Yema go towards the more oxidative path (oloroso)

37
Q

What is the Strait that separates Africa and Spain called?

A

The Strait of Girbraltar

38
Q

Rueda DO produces a dry, fortified wine that is oxidized. What is the name of this local specialty

A

Dorado

Often times oxidized in glass balloons

39
Q

What is the western most major city in Rioja.
What is the Eastern most major city in Rioja

A

Haro is the Western most
Alfaro is the Eastern most

40
Q

as of 2018 producers may register a “Vinedos Singulares” (single vineyard) however, they must follow these regulations

A

-Vineyard must be 35 years old
-The estate must have proof that it has been working with the vineyard for at least 10 years
-Wine must pass a tasting panel
-Hand Harvesting and lower yields

41
Q

Where would I find Gratallops

A

Gratallops is a village in Priorat.
in 1989 Rene Barbier of Clos Mogador persuaded 4 of his friends to share winemaking premises and grapes in the village of Gratallops. Their wines shined a light on how great and concentrated the wines from Priorat could be

42
Q

Priorat is protected from the Northwest by _______

A

The Sierra de Montsant

43
Q

What are some synonyms for Tempranillo and where do they use those synonyms

A

Tinta de Toro - Toro DO
Tinto del País - Ribera del Duero DO
Tinto Fino - Madrid DO
Ull de Llebre - Medio- Penedes
Cencibel - Castilla La Mancha DO, Southern Spain

44
Q

Soleo is what?

A

Soleo is a process of drying grapes on esparto mats in the Malaga DO. Wines from the region are naturally sweet or Fortified. The fortified wines undergo solar aging in American Oak.

45
Q

This river crosses through Bierzo DO, Valdeorras DO, and Ribeira Sacra before dumping into the Mino River. What is the name of this River?

A

The Sil River!

46
Q

What does the labeling term Elaborador Integral mean on a wine label?

A

a Label given to winery that controls the entire production of its Cava from harvesting to bottling and does so within its own facilities and vineyards!

47
Q

What are the 4 age designations and colors that Cava uses for ease of purchaser

A

Cava de Garda - 9 months lees. Green Foil
Cava de Garda Superior Reserva 18 months lees. Silver Foil
Cava de Garda Superior Gran Reserva - 30 months lees. Gold Foil
Cava de Paraje Calificado - 36 months lees. Antique Gold Foil

48
Q

What does the term Rancio refer too?

A

Rancio refers to the wine’s aging in partially filled barrels, and environment that favors oxidation.

49
Q

What is Dorado and where is this style of wine found?

A

Found in Rueda DO which is in Castilla y Leon.
Made from Palomino Fino, Verdejo or a combination of the two. This is a traditional oxidative style of fortified wine. Must have at least 15% ABV and must be aged in barrel for at least two years prior to release.

50
Q

What is Rueda Pálido?

A

Made from Palomino Fino, Verdejo, or a combination of the two, this biologically aged style of fortified wine dates back centuries but fell out of style during phylloxera’s razing of vineyards. Similar to fino, manzanilla, or vin jaune, a thin layer of yeast protects the wine from exposure to oxygen. Similar to Dorado, Rueda Pálido must achieve 15% ABV but requires three years of barrel aging before release.

51
Q

What does the rare labeling term “Summum” refer to on a bottle of wine and what DO is it used in?

A

“Summum” is a rare labeling term used in Ribeira Sacra DO.
The term refers to the use of at least 85% principle grapes for both white and red.

52
Q

What are the 3 DO’s of Basque Country?

A

Getariako Txakolina - 95% of vineyards are Hondarrabi Zuri - White wine
Bizkaiko Txakolina
Arabako Txakolina

53
Q

What are the red grapes of Rías Baixas DO?

A

Caiño Tinto
Espadiero
Mencia

54
Q

This river separates Rías Baixas from Portugal

A

The Miño River

55
Q

What are the preferred red and white grapes from Ribeiro DO?

What is the local specialty?

A

W: Treixadura
R: Caiño Tinto

Local Specialty: Vino Tostado. Dried grape wine!

56
Q

What are the 5 subregions of Ribeira Sacra DO.
The Sacred Bank

A

Chantada
Amandi
Ribeiras do Miño
Ribeiras do Sil
Quiroga-Bibei

57
Q

What is the southern most DO in Galicia?

A

Monterrei DO. The Támega river runs south towards the Douro

58
Q

White wines of Ribera del Duero DO min this grape

A

Min 75% Albillo Mayor.
Albillo Mayor is an early-ripening grape.

59
Q

In Penedes DO this grape is called
“Ull de Llebre”
what grape is it?

A

Tempranillo

60
Q

in Ribera del Duero DO this grape is called “Tinto del Pais”
What is the grape?

A

Tempranillo.
To be labeled as Ribera del Duero the reds must be a min of 75% Tempanillo

61
Q

What is a local speciality of Rueda DO?

A

Dorado - an occasional dry fortified, oxidized wine.
Min 4 years agin
2 of which are in oak

62
Q

What are the Rosado or Clarete grape minimums.

A

min 50% authorized red varieties:
Tinta del Pais/Tinto Fino
Garnacha
Malbec
Merlot
CS
Albillo Mayor

63
Q

This Autonomía of Spain debuted the traditional method. It was the place SS was introduced in 1960s. It was the region René Barbier sought to make bold red wine. What is the name?

A

Catalonia

64
Q

Priorat DOCa has two recommended red grapes. What are they?

A

Garnacha & Carignan

65
Q

These Licorella soils are composed of Schistose Mica and Quartzite. What region are they found in?

A

Priorat DOCa

66
Q

The Alt, Medio, and Baix subregions of Penedes each have their own grape that does well there. Name those grapes

A

Alt-Penedes: Parellada
Medio-Penedes: Tempranillo (Ull de Llebre)
Baix: Garnacha and Monastrell

67
Q

Sant Sadurni d’Anoia is the birthplace of this style of wine in Spain

A

Cava!
The village of Sant Sadurni d’Anoia is in Alt-Penedes. Jose Raventos of Codorniu introduced traditional method sparkling wines in 1872!

68
Q

Bierzo has two sub regions. What are they and where do they lie geographically?

A

Alto Bierzo - Mountainside plantings. Quartz and slate soils here

Bajo Bierzo - Low-lying and flatter. Deep-clay alluvial soils here

69
Q

Villa de Paraje wines in Bierzo are see as analogous to what wines in Burgundy?

When did this new wine category start in Bierzo?

A

Seen as analogous to Burgundy’s Lieux-Dits. Designated to specific parcels

70
Q

Ribera del Duero DO.
Major White and Red Grape

A

White: Albillo Mayor 75% min
- approved 2019
Red: Tempranillo 75% min
(enjoys near monopoly (95%) on its vineyards

71
Q

Gran Añada means what on a bottle of Rueda DO wine?

A

Gran Añada means the espumoso wine has been Sur lie aged 36 months or more

72
Q

Toro DO, reds here are the spotlight wines.
Major red grapes.
Major white grapes

A

R: Tinta de Toro min 75%, Garnacha min 85%
W: Verdejo, Malvasia, Albillo Real, Muscat a petit grains

73
Q

What is a Hoyo and where can you find this?

A

Lanzarote - Cannery Islands
Digging crater-like hollows (called hoyos or gerias) by hand, vintners plant their vines deep into the soil, past the layers of ash. They fence off the sea-facing side with low, semi-circular walls made with lava stone. This protects the vines from winds blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean.

74
Q

Know these

A

Plz

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