Spain and Spanish Americas

Question 1

Sociedad de Castas

Answer 1

Spanish Americas, Rigid Social hierarchy with Spaniards at the top and Indigenous at the very bottom
16-19th centuries, 3 centuries
1. limited social mobility
2. underlying resentment that didn’t materially until bourbons shook it up
3. Manifested in conditions for a wave of revolutions seeking Equity.

Question 2

Patronato Real

Answer 2

Rome, but affected Spanish Americas, Royal Control of the Catholic Church
15th to the 19th century, 4 centuries
1. Church was a branch of the gov’t
2. Also an important financier in the new world
3. consolidación in 1804 was a big big problem

Question 3

Consolidacioón de Vales Reales

Answer 3

Spanish Americas, Crown call to liquidate liens and mtgs and Church assets
1804
1. Caused financial stress, because everyone had debt
2. major preceding event for hidalgo
3. Especially since church was the banker

Question 4

Charles IV

Answer 4

Spain, Bourbon King of Spain
1748-1819, Age 71
1. At the mercy of a crumbling economy
2. forced to abdicate by Napoleon which triggered revolution in New Spain
3. Engaged in many wars that eroded the Spanish monopoly

Question 5

Spanish Constitution of 1812

Answer 5

Cádiz, Spain; Constitution that came out of Cadiz
1812
1. Spanish attempt following atlantic revolutions, with enlightened concepts
2. Liberal but not as much as some of the other outcomes of atlantic revolutions.
3. did not go far enough, self-governance and control of trade were not given, which was too important to ignore.

Question 6

Bourbon Reforms

Answer 6

Spain/New Spain, Series of administrative, military and commercial changes
1700s-1808, 18th to Bonaparte
1. Change lassez Faire to fixed rules
2. animosity forcing debt to be paid
3. removed wealth creoles from power
4. expelled the jesuits.

Question 7

Intendancy Reform

Answer 7

Spanish Americas, Provincial reform that divided Spanish America in to regions to have centralized power centres.

1. concentrated power centres to capitals which alienated power families.
2. Resulted in tighter control of crown, rules, limits american born spaniards.
3. alienation and resentment lead to revolution

Question 8

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 8

Spain, French Emperor and Military leader
1769-1821, Age 52
1. Abdication triggered mexican revolution
2. Rallied both revolutionaries but also those who were loyal to the spanish crown
3. lead influence when Nap III goes to mexico later and puts Maximillion on the thrown.

Question 9

Cortes of Cadiz

Answer 9

Cadiz, Spain; First assemble to deliberate from reps all over Spain and Spanish Americas.
1810,
1. deliberated on enlightenment topics like slavery torture and free press
2. tangential not similar to atlantic
3. did not go far enough.

Question 10

Ferdinand VII

Answer 10

Spain, King of Spain,
1784-1833, Age 49.
1. Abdicated by Bonaparte
2. Cortez de Cadiz was deliberated in his name.
3. upon his return he revitalized royal absolutism so they got rid of him.

Question 11

Charles III

Answer 11

Spain, Bourbon King of Spain
1716-1788, Age 72
1. implemented the most austere measure of bourbon reforms
2. sent in jose de galvez to spain
3. expelled jesuits and triggered animosity

Question 12

Provincias Internas

Answer 12

New Spain, Military Policies for Peace and Security
1776-1823, 47 years
1. attempt by the Bourbons to get military control
2. Elites tired to establish a racial hierarchy but labour shortages gave workers leverage
3. ended in effective revolt of powers