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D3 > Spain 2 > Flashcards

Spain 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major influencers of Catalunya’s climate?

A

Mediterranean;
Inland altitude.

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2
Q

What are Vi de Finca?

A

Exceptional wines from Catalunya that meet strict specifications, including a restriction on yields and a minimum length of time for the wine established in the market.

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3
Q

Why would some producers choose to use the Catalunya DO on their wine label instead of some of the smaller DOs within Catalunya?

A

The Catalunya DO allows more freedom than other smaller DOs (where grapes can be sourced and the range of international and local grape varieties are permitted);

Catalunya is a more recognized name in export markets than, say, Penedès or Terra Alta.

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4
Q

What is the general climate of Penedès DO?

A

Warm Mediterranean.

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5
Q

Penedès DO can be broadly divided into three zones, each of which has different topography and climatic influences.

What are the three zones and where are they?

A

Penedès Marítim - between the Mediterranean and the coastal hills;
Penedès Central - between the coastal range and the inland mountains (a flat plain known as the Pre-Coastal Depression);
Penedès Superior - inland mountains at 500 - 800m elevation.

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6
Q

Penedès Marítim:

What is its climate?
What style of wine is it known for?
What grapes grow there?

A

Warm climate without temperature extremes thanks to its low altitude and proximity to the sea;
Known for full-bodied red wines from late ripening varieties such as Monastrell;
Some Xarel-lo, Macabeo and Parellada grown here, usually for inexpensive still wines.

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7
Q

What grapes are grown in Penedès Central?

A

Xarel-lo, Macabeo and Parellada;
Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo and Chardonnay.

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8
Q

What weather hazard exists in Penedès Superior?

A

Spring frost.

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9
Q

Because Penedès Superior is so cool (and has such a pronounced diurnal range from its elevation), what grapes can be grown there?

A

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, even some Riesling and Gewürztraminer are grown here, becoming ripe while retaining acidity, and even Pinot Noir.

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10
Q

How much rainfall does Penedès get per year on average?
Is irrigation allowed?

A

500mm;
Irrigation is allowed only if vines are suffering from lack of water AND authorization is gained from the Consejo Regulador.

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11
Q

What is the general soil composition in Penedès?

A

Loamy with some calcareous components.

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12
Q

Many large vineyards in Penedès are trellised which allows for _____.

A

Mechanization.

Some Bush do vines exist, which cannot be mechanized.

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13
Q

Penedès was one of the first places in Spain to____ by who?

A

a. Modernize its wine production practices, introducing temperature-controlled fermentation in stainless steel
Miguel Torres

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14
Q

What is the climate of Priorat?
What are the region’s climate influencers?

A

Warm continental climate
Influencers include:
Serra de Montsant in the north, protecting the region from cold winds;
Serra de Llaberia in the south, protecting the region from Mediterranean influence.

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15
Q

In Priorat:

Summers are ______.
The diurnal range is ______.
The winters are _______.

A

Summers are hot.
The diurnal range is high.
The winters are cold – so cold that spring frosts are sometimes a problem.

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16
Q

Rainfall in Priorat averages about _____ per year.
When does it mostly fall?

A

500-600mm/year
Falls mostly in winter and spring.

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17
Q

9
q
Is irrigation permitted in Priorat?

A

a
Yes, irrigation is allowed in Priorat but:

Only permitted in the driest years and for the establishment of new vineyards.

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18
Q

q
What river runs through Priorat?

A

River Siurana.

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19
Q

Priorat’s topography is rugged and has a broad range of altitudes and aspects because of _______.

A

The many tributaries of the River Siurana carving out winding valleys in the terrain.

Altitudes in Priorat range from 100–750m asl.

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20
Q

What are slopes known as in Priorat?

A

Costers.

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21
Q

Why are narrow terraces common in Priorat?

A

They help to reduce soil erosion;
Allow rainwater to better infiltrate the soil (surface run-off is reduced).

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22
Q

Which type of harvesting is done in Priorat: hand or machine?

A

Hand harvesting – there is no way machines can harvest those narrow terraces!

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23
Q

What is the name of the slate-based soils in Priorat?

How are they beneficial to the vines?

A

Llicorella, which fragments and splits vertically allowing vines’ roots to grow deeply into the soil to look for water.

24
Q

The maximum permitted yield in Priorat is ___hL/ha.

Why so low?

A

39 hL/ha

Low nutrient and water levels lead to low yields per vine;
Old vineyards are generally planted to low density with bush vines;
High density plantings are rare.

25
Q

What are the two local, traditional red grape varieties planted and used in Priorat?

Which one is most planted?

Why are they grown here?

A

Garnacha and Cariñena;
Both are suited to hot days and dry conditions.

26
Q

What are the white grape varieties planted and used in Priorat?

A

Garnacha Blanca and Macabeo.

27
Q

Why are cultured yeasts commonly used in Priorat?

A

Cultured yeasts are more reliable as high levels of potential alcohol in the grapes means fermentation with ambient yeasts can be slow and last many weeks.

28
Q

What are the four classifications of Priorat set by the Consejo Regulador?

A

Vi de Vila
Vi de Paratge
Vinya Classificada
Gran Vinya Classificada

29
Q

What are the parameters a producer must meet in order to qualify for any of the four classifications in Priorat?

A

Producers must own the vineyard from which the grapes came OR have rented the vineyard for a minimum of seven years. The classifications each have their own regulations in terms of the minimum proportion of Garnacha and Cariñena in the blend, vine age and maximum yields.

Vinya Classificada or Gran Vinya Classificada involve critical ‘recognition’ from these single vineyards.

Vinya Classificada is the equivalent of a cru, and Gran Vinya Classificada is the equivalent of a grand cru.

30
Q

Vi de Vila:

Where must the grapes come from?
How does this category appear on the label?

A

Grapes must come from one of Priorat’s 12 subzones;
Appears as Name of Subzone + ‘Vi de Vila’.

31
Q

Vi de Paratge:

Where must the grapes come from?
How many paratges are there in Priorat?

A

Grapes must come from within a single paratge or named site (it’s equivalent to a lieu dit in France);
459 paratges, all of which are noted for their terrain, geology and microclimate.

32
Q

Vinya Classificada:

Where must the wines come from?

A

A single vineyard of particular merit within a Paratje – it’s equivalent to a cru.

33
Q

Gran Vinya Classificada:

Where must the grapes come from?

A

A single vineyard of exceptional merit within a Paratje – it’s equivalent to a grand cru.

34
Q

What are the rules surrounding the use of the term ‘old vines’ in Priorat?

A

The vineyard must be a minimum of 75 years old OR the vines must have been planted before 1945.

35
Q

Where are most of the vineyards in Montsant DO?

A

a
In the south of the region where the land flattens out to the lower valley of the River Ebro.

36
Q

Why is the climate in Montsant DO more Mediterranean than in Priorat DOQ?

A

Its proximity to the coast – temperatures in Montsant DO in the summer and winter are not so extreme as they are in Priorat DOQ.

37
Q

Are there vineyards planted in the north of Montsant DO, where it’s more mountainous?

A

Yes, and the vineyards here are cooler due to higher elevation (300-700m asl).

38
Q

Describe how the soils in
Montsant DO differ from those in Priorat DOQ.

A

Montsant:

Slightly more fertile than Priorat (and so yields are higher);
More of a range of soils, from clay-based to sandy;
In north and east higher limestone;
Some llicorella in the south.

39
Q

What are the aging processes for Priorat and Montsant?

A

Montsant: matured for 1 to 2 years in French or American oak barrels

Priorat: typically matured in French oak for 1 to 2 years

40
Q

Which accounts for the majority of production in Montsant DO today: co-ops or individual producers?
What is happening to change that?

A

Co-ops produce the majority of wine in Montsant DO;
Montsant was awarded DO status in 2001; since then there has been an increase individual producers.

41
Q

In Valencia and Murcia, what is the predominant style of wine made?

A

Inexpensive wine that’s sold in bulk.

42
Q

What is the climate like in Valencia and Murcia?

A

Climate ranges from continental to Mediterranean depending on the vineyard’s proximity to the coast.

43
Q

What two features provide cooling influences in Valencia?

A

Altitude;
Proximity to coast.

44
Q

What is the climate of Utiel-Requena DO?
Where is this DO?

A

Continental;
Wedged between northern part of Valencia and La Mancha.

45
Q

q
What is the main red grape planted in Utiel-Requena DO?

Why is it so well suited to the area?

A

Bobal

Mid- to late budding (so avoids spring frosts);
Drought tolerant;
Retains acidity despite the hot climate.

46
Q

Bobal ripens:

a. Evenly
b. Unevenly

A

b. Unevenly

So it can have grippy tannins.

47
Q

Bobal gives:

a. High levels of color so it’s commonly used as a blending grape
b. Low levels of color and is commonly used to add floral components to blends

A

a. High levels of color so it’s commonly used as a blending grape

48
Q

Jumilla DO is located between Alicante and La Mancha:

a. In area of flat plains and wide valleys
b. In a very hilly area at extremely high altitudes

A

a. In area of flat plains and wide valleys

49
Q

Jumilla DO:

What is the climate?
What is the altitude?
What is the average annual rainfall?
What is the general soil type?

A

Warm continental climate;
400-800m asl;
~250-300mm rain per year;
Mostly sand over a layer of limestone.

50
Q

How are wines from Yecla DO similar to those from Jumilla DO?

A

Monastrell is dominant variety;
Styles are similar (full-bodied with high alcohol and flavours of ripe blackberry and cherry fruit and spice from maturation in oak);
Low rainfall (~300mm/year);
Altitude provides cooling influence (Yecla is 500-900m asl);
Similar soils (sand with limestone).

51
Q

Castilla-La Mancha is is located on the southern part of Spain’s ______.

What kind of climate does it have?

A

Meseta (plateau)
Extreme continental climate.

52
Q

What are the 2 DOs of Castilla-La Mancha to know?

A

La Mancha DO
Valdepeñas DO

53
Q

The largest DO in Spain, which is also the largest PDO in Europe, is _____ DO.

A

La Mancha DO

54
Q

In La Mancha DO, is irrigation common or uncommon?
What are they types of training found here?

A

Irrigation is common for trellised (newer) vineyards;
Irrigation is uncommon for low-density planted, bush trained vineyards.

55
Q

What are the two most planted grape varieties in La Mancha DO?

What styles of wine are they used to make?

A

Airén – mostly used for distillation (Brandy de Jerez);
Cencibel (Tempranillo) – mostly makes fruity-style red that sees short contact with oak.

56
Q
A

D3 (21 decks)

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