Spain Flashcards
Person who pioneered modern winemaking in Spain and where and when
Miguel Torres in Catalan in 1960s
NW Climate
Maritime Climate - high levels of rainfall throughout the year\
Atlantic influence
Some more inland areas are protected by the mountains and have a more continental climate
South and East
Warm Mediterranean climate
Central
Warm Continental - high maseta plain (600-900m)
provides cooling influences and diurnals
General Vineyard Mgmt -
planting (high/low density) - how much?
vine training methods - why?
low - because it is hot and dry the vines don’t need to compete for the limited water source (can be as low as 1000 vines/ha). Irrigation is also controlled by the Consejo Regulador
traditional: bush vines - old bush vines = high quality fruit
modern: cordon or replacement cane w/ VSP trellising
These 2 provide good shading of the canopy
General - Vineyard holding size and impact on mechanization
Very small. Over 50% is <0.5ha
Makes mechanization very difficult
Vineyard planting size compared to other countries
Where is it concentrated?
largest in the world - this is why even though planting densities are low, Spain still can compete with Italy for highest production by volume
Concentrated in La Mancha
Major Varietals
Tempranillo
Garnacha
Monastrell
Bobal
Mencia
Airen
Typical early drinking Tempranillo style
Pale Ruby
Dry
Med Acid
Med Tannin
Med- to med Body
Med Alcohol
Med Intensity of red plum, strawberry, possibly fruity bc of carbonic
Med finish
Premium Tempranillo w/ new oak aging Style
Med - Dark Ruby
Dry
Med+ Acid
Med+ - high Tannin
High Alcohol
Med+ to full body
Pronounced Intensity of red plum, strawberry, black fruit, spices, vanilla, coconut, meaty, savory, wet leaves, forest floor, mushroom, leather
Long finish
National Legislation: Generic aging requirement
no aging requirement
National Legislation: Red Crianza Aging Requirement
24 months total, 6mths in oak
National Legislation: Red Reserva Aging Requirement
36mths total, 12mths in oak
National Legislation: Red Gran Reserva Aging Requirement
60mths total, 18mths in oak
National Legislation: White Crianza Aging Requirement
18mths total, 6mths in oak
National Legislation: White Reserva Aging Requirement
24mths total, 6mths in oak
National Legislation: White Gran Reserve Aging Requirement
48mths total, 6mths in oak
Max capacity of oak vessel
330L
Name of regulations org in Spain
Consejo Regulador
2 DOCa/DOQ:
Rioja
Priorat
What are VP
What does it stand for?
Vino de Pago
Single estates with outstanding reputation. High concentration in La Mancha as the region is not known for high quality
Must be 100% estate fruit and wine must be vinified and aged on the estate
PDO, PGI, and no geographical indication names in Spain
PDO: DO and DOCa/DOQ
VP(Vino de Pago)
PGI: VT (Vino de la Tierra)
Vino
Wine Business - major players
lots of small growers
co-ops are important
a few large merchant houses
Spain’s advantage in the export market
quality/price ratio
Top Export markets
France, Germany, UK, USA, China
Galicia DO’s
Rias Baixas
Ribeiro
Ribiera Sacra
Valdeorras
Monterrei
Rias Baixas Climate
Maritime - high rainfall throughout the year. warm summers, mild winters
Rias baixas - Soil
granite w/ good drainage
Rias Baixas - Disease risk
fungal disease bc of high rainfall
Describe Albarino in the vineyard
early - mid ripening
thick skin - helps w/ fungal resistance
Blending partners of Albarino
Loreiro
Treixadura
Caino Blanco
Style of typical unoaked, early drinking Albarino
Dry
High Acidity
Med Body
Med Alcohol
Med Intensity - apple, lemon, grapefruit, peach, floral
Med finish
Vine Training in Rias Baixas (trad & modern)
Traditional: Pergola
Modern: VSP trellising
Both are good for air circulation
Winemaking for early drinking & premium Albarinos
early drinking: ss, cool temp, short maturation in ss
premium: cold soak, lees aging, neutral oak aging
Roughly describe the climate conditions and styles of wines produced in the subregions of Rias Baixas
wetter/cooler near the coast - higher acidity, fresher
drier/warmer inland - fuller, riper styles
Ribeiro DO - main varietal
Treixadura
Ribeira Sacra DO - main varietal
Mencia
Valdeorras DO - main varietal
Godello
Monterrei DO - main varietal
Mencia & Godello
Subregions of Castilla y Leon
Bierzo
Toro
Rueda
Ribera del Duero
Bierzo Climate
Maritime w/ Continental influences
warmer than Galicia
Atlantic Ocean still moderates the temps
Describe Mencia in the vyd
Early - mid ripening
if picked too early, won’t develop enough flavor or structure
if picked too late, will lose acidity and accumulate too much alcohol
*tricky grape
ideal growing season is long, sunny, warm but not too warm
Describe early drinking Bierzo
May have alicante bouschet blended in for color
semi-carbonic
med+ acidity
med/med+ tannin
med- body
red cherry, raspberry, fresh, fruitiness from semi-carbonic maceration
Describe premium Bierzo
Old bush vines from slopes of 500-850m on infertile soils
Oak maturation but generally old oak to not mask the delicate aromas of mencia
med+ acidity
med/med+ tannin
med/med+ body
bright red cherry, red plum, floral, herbal, violet, lavender, menthol, spiced, oak
Describe Toro’s growing conditions
Continental climate - hot summers, cold winters
High altitudes - 620-750m
Large diurnals