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Animal Behaviors > Spacing Behavior (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Spacing Behavior (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Spacing Types

A

Individual space

Home range/Territory space

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2
Q

What animals allow fairly close physical proximity?

A 
Dogs
Horses
Rabbits
Cattle 
Sheep
Goats
Pigs
Domestic Fowl
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3
Q

Flight Distance

A

radius of space within which the animal will not voluntarily permit the intrusion of man or other animals that may be dangerous without excaping

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4
Q

Flight Zone

A

Distance within which a person can approach an animal before it moves away

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5
Q

Territory is…

A

an area that is defended

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6
Q

Agonistic behavior

A

behavior involving threat, attack, or defense

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7
Q

Home range

A

area that the animal learns thoroughly and that it habitually uses

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8
Q

Core area

A

area of a home range that is heaviest or regularly used within the home range

  • usually includes resting area
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9
Q

Territory

A

area that is defended by fighting or by demarcation

other individuals detect so that the mark, or other signal, is a deterrent to entry

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10
Q

Personal Space

A

area surrounding an individual which, if encroached upon by another individual, elicits attack or avoidance

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11
Q

Physical space

A

animal requires to occupy for its basic movements of lying, rising, standing, stretching, & scratching

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12
Q

Social Space

A

used for the personal space maintained by an active animal

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13
Q

Subordinate individuals

personal space

A

avoid personal space of dominant conspecifics

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14
Q

Dominant animals

personal space

A

experience the freedom of invading the personal space of subordinates

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15
Q

What should you keep in mind while estimating maximum density of animal populations in captivity?

A

Personal Space

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16
Q

Factors that influence size of personal space:

A
  • inverse relationship b/w thresholds for agnostic behavior & personal space
  • immature animals tend to have smaller personal spaces than adults
  • Females tend to have smaller personal spaces than males
  • domestic ungulates tend to relax or ignore their personal space requirements when they’re being herded or moved as a group
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17
Q

Personal space requirements rise with _____ levels in males.

A

testosterone

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18
Q

Adults males want ____ personal spaces with other males and ____ personal spaces with females

A

larger

smaller

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19
Q

Avoiding animals initiate ____ behavior at a ____ distance.

A

avoidance

greater

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20
Q

Individual distance

A

how close one animal can get to another before the latter responds with some form of agonistic behavior

act of aggression or act of avoidance

21
Q

Advantages of maintaining individual distance to produce a personal space include reductions in:

A
  • damage to the body due to contact
  • interference & competition while feeding
  • impedance when starting to flee
  • disease or parasite transmission
22
Q

Domestic animals actively remain close to certain other individuals

A
  • B/w mother & offspring
  • B/w animals & reared together
  • B/w animals that form an attachment later in life
23
Q

What do animals do with others who they are associated with them there is danger?

A

move close together

24
Q

Avoidance

A

inverse response in agnoistic situations & it is the positive factor affecting agonistic control

25
Q

Avoidance behavior

A

occurs in the absence of any aggressive

vital component of the behavioral mechanism that generates social stabilization

26
Q

Quantitative needs

A

relate to space occupation, social distance, flight distance, & actual territory

27
Q

Qualitative needs

A

relate to space-dependent activities

  • eating, body care, exploration, kinetics, & social behavior
28
Q

Each animal needs distances of length, width, & height in which to:

A

stand
lie
move major parts (head, neck, & limbs)

29
Q

Animals need space for social reasons:

A
  • keep some separation b/w itself & it conspecifics
  • carry out avoidance behavior
  • preserved in many instances by gestures of threat or intention
  • can be surrendered briefly w/o aggression occurring in a variety of circumstances
  • space occupied by an animal is a function of its BW & its need for various activities
  • wild or domestic animal that has never experienced close confinement may be so disturbed by confinement that its welfare is very poor
30
Q

Crowded

A

groups of individuals whose movements are restricted by the physical presence of others

31
Q

what does intrusion of personal space result in?

A

aggressive behavior or avoidance reaction

32
Q

Overcrowding

A

high social density causes adverse effects on the fitness of individuals

33
Q

Entering a dogs personal space may result in

A

aggressive behaviors

34
Q

If the dog is growling while you are approaching what may happen?

A

If you continue to get close to the dog it may result in the dog biting you.

35
Q

Male dogs scent-mark with..?

A

their urine

this claims their space that they will defend

36
Q

The higher the scent mark means

A

the bigger the dog which means higher levels of testosterone

37
Q

Cats mark certain individuals and objects by means of ____.

A

facial and tail-based glands

38
Q

how does cattle show territorial aggressive acts?

A

butting or threatening to butt heads

39
Q

In small paddocks, the older/younger bulls become more/less territorial.

A

older

more

40
Q

When beef cattle undergo high crowding conditions in pens what do they do about locations?

A

show clear preferences within their pens

41
Q

distances between subgroups of cattle increase/decrease as forage conditions worsen

A

increase

but they maintain personal space

42
Q

when cows are lying how far apart do they usually stay? Grazing?

A

2 to 3 meters apart lying

4 to 10 meters apart grazing

43
Q

How do horses show territorial aggression?

A

horses fight with their own typical offensive and defensive weapons:

  • bite
  • kick w/ hind feet
  • strike w/ forefeet
44
Q

Mule Kick

A

kicking out defensively with 1 hind limb

it’s precisely directed

45
Q

stud piles

A

stallions pass feces in specific sites where their dung may become heaped to mark territorial boundaries

46
Q

lawns

A

areas closely cropped

47
Q

roughs

A

ungrazed, dung areas

48
Q

how do sheep threaten each other?

A

head movements

49
Q

what if there is no submissive responses occurring after a sheep threatens another?

A

they may push, butt, or tug at wool

Animal Behaviors (5 decks)

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