Feeding Behavior (exam 2) Flashcards
Foraging
behavior of animals when they are moving in a way that they are likely to encounter and acquire food for themselves or their offspring
Hunger System
Perceptual mechanisms
Central Hunger mechanisms
Motor mechanisms
Perceptual mechanisms
recognizing food
Central Hunger Mechanisms
integrating casual factors for eating and coordinating necessary movements
Motor mechanisms
locating and ingesting food
Appetite
desire to eat food
Hunger
Physical need to eat food
Anorexia
decreased desire to eat
Orexia
increased desire to eat
Poyphagia
increase in eating
Feeding behavior is strongly influenced by ____.
positive and negative reinforcement
Duration of grazing is influenced by ____ ____ and ____.
Food Quality
Availability
Most active grazing season coincides with ___.
Spring
Night grazing occurs during:
very hot weather
like during summer
Cold and wet weather can ___ grazing.
reduce
Horses spend most of their time grazing during ___.
Winter
Grazing activities of milking cows are synchronized around _____ times.
Milking
Regurgitation
reverse peristalsis carries food to mouth
Re-mastication
liquid squeezed from bouls/swallowed and bolus chewed
Reinsalivation
Addition of more saliva
Redeglutition
swallowing the bolus and liquid
When animals are born it is important for it to obtain ____ from ____.
colostrum
mother
Goat choose to browse on what types of areas?
Shrubby Herbage
Cattle, sheep, and horses will graze on ____ ____.
Pasture Plants
How do cattle graze?
- Encircle grass with tongue & draw into mouth
- Lower teeth & tongue hold bound grass
- Grass is broken by a head movement
- Chews only 2-3 times before swallowing
How do sheep graze?
- Divided upper lip enables selecting small plant parts & graze deeper
- Grasses grasped between lower teeth & dental pad
- Grass torn when head is moved posteriorly with sudden jerking movement
How do horses graze?
- Collect grass with prehensile upper lip
- Bite grass off near ground with front teeth
- Usually take 2 mouthfuls before moving ahead slowly with 1 leg at a time
Grazers must assess the herbage and decide whether to:
- Lower the head & take a bite
- How large a bite to take
- At what rate to bite
- Whether to stop biting & chew
- To swing the head to one side
- To take one or more steps forward
- To raise the head & carry out some other behavior
- When to start grazing
Synchronized grazing may occur in response to ___ ___, such as ___, ____, ____, _____ _____, & ___ ____.
environmental cues
- dawn
- dusk
- rain
- management methods
- social factors
Sheep, goats, or cattle on ___ pasture often have to use considerable amounts of ____ searching for plant material worth harvesting.
sparse
energy
