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MSK exam 3 > Spaces, Nerves, and Arteries of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Spaces, Nerves, and Arteries of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

Canal connecting the femoral triangle to popliteal fossa

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2
Q

What is the anteromedial border of the adductor canal?

A

Sartorius - forms roof

Vastoadductor membrane

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3
Q

What is the anterolateral border of the adductor canal?

A

Vastus medialis

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4
Q

What is the posterior border of the adductor canal?

A

Superior - Adductor longus

Inferior - adductor magnus

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5
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Motor nerve to vastus medialis (from femoral nerve)
Saphenous nerve (from femoral nerve)

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6
Q

Do the nerves that pass into the adductor canal exit the adductor hiatus? Explain.

A

Nerve to vastus medialis disappears into muscle

Saphenous nerve pierces the medial wall/vastoadductor membrane to become cutaneous

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7
Q

What branches from the femoral artery in the adductor canal?

A

Descending genicular artery

accompanies saphenous nerve

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8
Q

How does the spatial relationship of femoral artery and vein change as they proceed inferiorly down the thigh?

A

Femoral Triangle:
artery lies lateral to vein

Adductor canal:
artery lies anterior to vein - puts artery in more protected position as it enters popliteal fossa

Popliteal fossa:
femoral artery will lie adjacent to post side of femur (covered by popliteus) and deep to popliteal vein

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9
Q

What muscles are in the anterior crural compartment?

A 
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum brevis
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10
Q

What common functions do anterior crural compartment muscles share? Common innervation?

A

Dorsiflexion of the foot

Inn: deep fibular nerve

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11
Q

What common functions do lateral crural compartment muscles share? Common innervation?

A

Fibularis longus and brevis both:
evert foot
plantar flex foot

Inn: superficial branch of fibular nerve

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12
Q

What common functions do the superficial posterior crural muscles do? Common innervation?

A

Gastronemius, soleus, and plantaris
- all plantar flex the foot

Inn: tibial nerve

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13
Q

What common functions do the deep posterior crural muscles do? Common innervation?

A

Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, (technically popliteus too, according to Buck)

Except popliteus, they all:
plantar flex the feet

Inn: tibial nerve

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14
Q

What is the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

tendon of biceps femoris

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15
Q

What is the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Tendon of semimembranosus and semitendinosus mm

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16
Q

What is the inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Lateral head of the gastrocnemius

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17
Q

What is the inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial head of the gastrocnemius

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18
Q

What is the roof of the popliteal fossa?

A

popliteal fascia of fascia lata

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19
Q

What is the floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

Capsule of the knee, post surface

popliteus mm

20
Q

What are the nerves that go through the popliteal fossa?

A

Sciatic nerve
- divides into tibial and fibular components (varies)

Femoral nerve
- termination of post femoral cutaneous nerve

Tibial nerve
- contains muscular and cutaneous branches

Fibular nerve
- contains cutaneous branches

21
Q

What are the blood vessels that go through the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal vein and tributaries
- drains knee joint and lesser saphenous

Popliteal artery and branches

Popliteal LNs and vessels

22
Q

What are the branches of the popliteal artery?

A

Lateral and medial superior genicular arteries
Lateral and medial inferior genicular arteries
Middle genicular arteries
Sural branches (2)
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery

23
Q

What are the branches of the anterior tibial artery?

A

Posterior course:
Posterior tibial recurrent artery
Circumflex fibular artery

Anterior course:
anterior tibial recurrent artery
medial and lateral malleolar branches
dorsalis pedis artery

24
Q

What are the branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

Lateral and medial tarsal arteries
arcuate arteries
first dorsal metatarsal arteries
deep plantar arteries

25
Q

What are the branches of the posterior tibial artery?

A 
Circumflex fibular artery
Fibular artery
 - posterior lateral malleolar aa
Communicating branch
Post medial malleolar
medial calcaneal aa
medial and lateral plantar aa
26
Q

What are the cord levels for femoral nerve?

A

L2
L3
L4

27
Q

What are the cord levels for obturator nerve?

A

L2
L3
L4

28
Q

What are the cord levels for sciatic nerve?

A

L4
L5

S1
S2
S3

29
Q

What function do all the quadriceps femoris share?

A

Extension of the leg

- grouping doesn’t include articularis genu

30
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A 
Superior: inguinal ligament
Medial: adductor longus
Lateral: sartorius
Roof: fascia lata
Floor: pectineus, iliopsoas
31
Q

What is in the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral sheath: partitioned prolongation of transversalis fascia

Contains: femoral artery and vein

32
Q

What are the branches of the femoral artery? Where does it ‘terminate’?

A

Deep femoral
- 4 other branches we don’t need to know at this time

Descending genicular

  • saphenous
  • articular branch

Terminates when it enters adductor hiatus, becomes popliteal aa

33
Q

What are the branches of profunda femoral aa?

A

Lateral femoral circumflex aa

34
Q

What are the branches of the lateral femoral circumflex aa?

A

Ascending
Transverse
Medial femoral circumflex
Perforating arteries

35
Q

What are the branches of the obturator artery? What do they supply?

A

Obturator aa is a branch off of internal iliac artery

Anterior and posterior branches

Supplies acetabulum and head of femur, sends branches to medial femoral mm

36
Q

What is the cord level for saphenous nerve?

A

L4 - see pg. 249 of Buck book

37
Q

What actions do the muscles that attach at the pes anserinus have in common?

A

Flexion and medial rotation of the tibia when tibia is flexed

38
Q

What cord levels make up superior gluteal nerve?

A

L4
L5

S1

39
Q

What cord levels make up the inferior gluteal nerve?

A

L5

S1
S2

40
Q

What are the components of the sciatic nerve? (pg. 261)

A

FYI - Sciatic nerve is largest peripheral nerve of the body, principle nerve of sacral plexus

Tibial : anterior divisions of ventral rami
L4
L5

S1
S2
S3

Common Fibular: posterior divisions of ventral rami
L4
L5

S1
S2

41
Q

What are the cord levels of superficial fibular nerve?

A

L5

S1
S2

Also: provides medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves, which then provide dorsal digital branches to toes

42
Q

What are the cord levels of the deep fibular nerve?

A

L4

L5

43
Q

How are the distal phalanges of the foot flexed?

A

By flexor digitorum longus, through the bifurcation of flexor digitorum brevis

44
Q

What are the arteries that supply the plantar foot? What do they branch from?

A

Posterior tibial

Lateral Plantar aa

  • plantar arterial arch
  • 3 plantar metatarsal aa - gives off proper plantar digital aa
  • anastamosis with deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis

Medial plantar aa
- 1st proper plantar digital aa

45
Q

What branches from medial plantar nerve?

A

Proper digital branch to medial great toe
Common digital nerves
- proper digital nerves at webs between toes 1-3
- muscular branch to 1st lumbrical

46
Q

What muscles are innervated by medial plantar nerve?

A

1st lumbrical
Abductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digitorum brevis

47
Q

What are the branches of the lateral plantar nerve?

A

Superficial branch

  • proper digital nerve to lateral 5th digit
  • muscular branches
  • common digital nerve - supplies proper digital nerves to 4th and 5th digits

Deep branch
- accompanies plantar arterial arch, provides mm branches

MSK exam 3 (12 decks)

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