Space Physiology

Question 1

What deleterious effects might occur due to weightlessness in space?

Answer 1

Anorexia,
Dehydration,
Bone demineralisation,
Decreased work capacity,
Diuresis, 
Fatigue

Question 2

How does no gravity (space) influence fluid distribution in the body?

Answer 2

Fluid no longer pools in your lower limbs and rely on muscle pump action, instead it remains approx equal throughout your body.

Question 3

What impact does fluid shift have on the body?

Answer 3

Reduced blood volume as a result of fluid elimination by the kidneys,

Decreased production of erythropoietin leading to anaemia,

Decreased heart size and function due to hypovolemia

Question 4

What impact does microgravity have on the body?

Answer 4

Fluid shift -> dehydration, cardiovascular de conditioning, neurovestibular disturbances
Hypovolemia -> decreased immune response and RBC
Decreased weight bearing -> muscle atrophy and bone weakness

Question 5

What changes occur to muscle fibres in space?

Answer 5

Muscle atrophy
Greater atrophy of type I fibres,
Transformation of type I to type II fibres,
Greater atrophy effect in lower limbs

Question 6

Why do bones loose density in after space?

Answer 6

Bone resorption increases in low gravity and theres less mechanical loading/weight bearing activity

Question 7

What countermeasures can be taken to reduce detrimental effects of space on your body?

Answer 7

Anti gravity suits upon re entry of atmosphere,

Exercise in space with mechanical loading,