Anaerobic Capacity Flashcards
What factors may limit the performance of an anaerobic sport?
Skill and coordination,
max strength and RFD of muscles,
Max anaerobic power,
Max anaerobic capacity
Define anaerobic power
Peak rate of ATP produced via anaerobic metabolism
Define anaerobic capacity
The max amount of energy that can be released by the ATP-PCr and glycolysis systems during a bout of short duration, exhaustive exercise
Define anaerobic work capacity
Total amount of external (mechanical) work during a bout of short duration, exhaustive exercise, which is sufficient duration to incur a near max anaerobic ATP yield.
How could you measure/assess anaerobic capacity?
Do a biopsy to measure the changes in metabolites,
Measure BLa accumulation,
Measure oxygen debt,
measure total work done during short duration max exercise,
Measure the accumulated oxygen deficit
Whats the most commonly used test for assessing anaerobic work capacity?
30s wingate anaerobic test
Describe the wingate test
Max cycling for 30s against a calc resistance related to body mass.
It calculates a prediction of anaerobic capacity.
Why does the Wingate test only produce a prediction of anaerobic capacity?
Because short duration of <60s exercise is inadequate to exhaust anaerobic energy systems, so then total work performed and mean power output is calculated to predict
What % does the aerobic system contribute to energy used in the wingate test?
9-40%
What 4 parameters are determined from the wingate test?
Peak power, total work, mean power, fatigue index
What is the fatigue index?
The difference between the highest and lowest power outputs produced
What is the gold standard method for determining anaerobic capacity?
Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD)
Describe the MAOD test
This involves a series of constant load exercise bouts of varying intensities below VT,
Steady state values are obtained to construct VO2-power output relationship, to extrapolate the aerobic energy demands during supra maximal exercise,
The predicted calculated oxygen demand - measured accumulated oxygen demand = MAOD, to estimate the max contribution of anaerobic energy system
What assumptions are made for the MAOD test?
Mechanical efficiency is same supra/sub max,
O2 demand increases linearly with exercise intensity
Why should ~9% oxygen deficit be take from absolute MAOD?
Because the MAOD overestimates the O2% -
O2 binds to Hb, is dissolved in body fluid and in the lungs.
How could you calculate running power (in O2 equivalents) in the maximal anaerobic running test (MART)?
VO2 = 3.5 + 12v + 54gv
Where v= treadmill speed in m/s
G= treadmill gradient as fraction
How do you calculate Wmax?
from the Power of the last completed 20s run and the exhaustion time of the following faster run
How are the energy system contributions by MART determined?
Excess post exercise oxygen consumption, lactate response, oxygen uptake measurements
What could you do to improve max anaerobic power?
Sprint intervals 5-40s max effort,
Increase levels of PCr and muscle glycogen - training and high CHO diet,
Increasing glycolytic enzyme conc and activity to increase rate of ATP production and higher peak power
What enzymatic changes might you see in response to sprint training?
Increase in PK and PFK (glycolytic enzymes) in fast twitch fibres.
Decrease in MDH in type IIb (krebs cycle)
