Anaerobic Capacity

Question 1

What factors may limit the performance of an anaerobic sport?

Answer 1

Skill and coordination,
max strength and RFD of muscles,
Max anaerobic power,
Max anaerobic capacity

Question 2

Define anaerobic power

Answer 2

Peak rate of ATP produced via anaerobic metabolism

Question 3

Define anaerobic capacity

Answer 3

The max amount of energy that can be released by the ATP-PCr and glycolysis systems during a bout of short duration, exhaustive exercise

Question 4

Define anaerobic work capacity

Answer 4

Total amount of external (mechanical) work during a bout of short duration, exhaustive exercise, which is sufficient duration to incur a near max anaerobic ATP yield.

Question 5

How could you measure/assess anaerobic capacity?

Answer 5

Do a biopsy to measure the changes in metabolites,
Measure BLa accumulation,
Measure oxygen debt,
measure total work done during short duration max exercise,
Measure the accumulated oxygen deficit

Question 6

Whats the most commonly used test for assessing anaerobic work capacity?

Answer 6

30s wingate anaerobic test

Question 7

Describe the wingate test

Answer 7

Max cycling for 30s against a calc resistance related to body mass.
It calculates a prediction of anaerobic capacity.

Question 8

Why does the Wingate test only produce a prediction of anaerobic capacity?

Answer 8

Because short duration of <60s exercise is inadequate to exhaust anaerobic energy systems, so then total work performed and mean power output is calculated to predict

Question 9

What % does the aerobic system contribute to energy used in the wingate test?

Answer 9

9-40%

Question 10

What 4 parameters are determined from the wingate test?

Answer 10

Peak power, total work, mean power, fatigue index

Question 11

What is the fatigue index?

Answer 11

The difference between the highest and lowest power outputs produced

Question 12

What is the gold standard method for determining anaerobic capacity?

Answer 12

Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD)

Question 13

Describe the MAOD test

Answer 13

This involves a series of constant load exercise bouts of varying intensities below VT,
Steady state values are obtained to construct VO2-power output relationship, to extrapolate the aerobic energy demands during supra maximal exercise,
The predicted calculated oxygen demand - measured accumulated oxygen demand = MAOD, to estimate the max contribution of anaerobic energy system

Question 14

What assumptions are made for the MAOD test?

Answer 14

Mechanical efficiency is same supra/sub max,

O2 demand increases linearly with exercise intensity

Question 15

Why should ~9% oxygen deficit be take from absolute MAOD?

Answer 15

Because the MAOD overestimates the O2% -

O2 binds to Hb, is dissolved in body fluid and in the lungs.

Question 16

How could you calculate running power (in O2 equivalents) in the maximal anaerobic running test (MART)?

Answer 16

VO2 = 3.5 + 12v + 54gv

Where v= treadmill speed in m/s
G= treadmill gradient as fraction

Question 17

How do you calculate Wmax?

Answer 17

from the Power of the last completed 20s run and the exhaustion time of the following faster run

Question 18

How are the energy system contributions by MART determined?

Answer 18

Excess post exercise oxygen consumption, lactate response, oxygen uptake measurements

Question 19

What could you do to improve max anaerobic power?

Answer 19

Sprint intervals 5-40s max effort,
Increase levels of PCr and muscle glycogen - training and high CHO diet,
Increasing glycolytic enzyme conc and activity to increase rate of ATP production and higher peak power

Question 20

What enzymatic changes might you see in response to sprint training?

Answer 20

Increase in PK and PFK (glycolytic enzymes) in fast twitch fibres.
Decrease in MDH in type IIb (krebs cycle)