Chronic Responses To Endurance Exercise Flashcards
What is muscle plasticity?
The ability of a muscle to alter its functional and structural properties.
Exercise training must be SPOR, what is this?
Specificity, Progressive, Overload, Regularity
What chronic pulmonary adaptations occur in response to endurance exercise?
Increased max ventilation,
Increased pulmonary diffusion,
decreased freq and increased tidal volume of sub-max ventilation,
Reduced oxygen cost
What chronic cardiovascular adaptation occur in response to endurance exercise?
Increased red blood cell mass and therefore Hb, Increased plasma volume, Reduced blood viscosity, Increased O2 carrying capacity, Increased total blood volume
What chronic heart adaptations occur as a response to endurance exercise?
Increased left ventricle cavity size - increases diastolic filling and stroke volume, Increased left ventricle wall thickness, Increased heart mass, Increased contractility, Increased diastolic function, Increased venous return, Increased SV and therefore CO, Decreased total peripheral resistance.
What changes occurs that leads to a decreased HR at rest and sub-max?
(Bradycardia)
Decreased firing rate of SA node, decreased sympathetic activity and increased parasympathetic activity.
How is it possible to improve oxygen delivery with a lower HR?
Mainly due to the increase in stroke volume
How is the VO2 demand met when HR is reduced during sub-max exercise?
There is increased oxygen extraction and more effective distribution of blood
What peripheral adaptations occur to capillaries as a result of endurance training?
There is better extraction at the muscle and better muscle perfusion due to:
Increase in number of capillaries (angiogenesis),
Improvement in diffusion,
Increased mean blood transit time,
Increased a-vO2 difference
What peripheral adaptations occur to muscle fibres as a result of endurance training?
They result in an enhanced oxidative capacity by:
Selective hypertrophy of type I fibres,
Increased oxidative potential of type IIa fibres
What peripheral adaptations occur to mitochondria as a result of endurance training?
Mitochondrial biogenesis,
Increased expression of mitochondria enzymes,
Type IIa fibres increase mitochondrial content,
Increases in mitochondrial mass
What peripheral adaptations occur to fat oxidation as a result of endurance training?
Increased storage and rate of utilisation of intramuscular triglycerides,
Increased lipid oxidation at sub-max resulting in sparing of muscle glycogen.
What do physiological adaptations to endurance exercise result in?
An improved VO2 max and anaerobic threshold.
