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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What object is at the centre of the solar system?

A

The Sun

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2
Q

What is the order of the planets starting closest to the Sun?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,Uranus, Neptune.

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3
Q

What is the equation to calculate the weight of something?

A

Weight (N)= mass(kg) x gravitational strength.

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4
Q

What is mass?

A

Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It’s how much ‘stuff’ an object is made out of. Measured in grams, kilograms.

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5
Q

What is weight?

A

Weight is the force of gravity acing in an object’s mass, measured in Newtons (N).

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6
Q

Does weight change?

A

Weight changes depending on where you are because it ends on gravity, e.g. weight is different on Earth and Mars.

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7
Q

Does mass change?

A

Mass doesn’t change wherever you are because the amount of matter in an object doesn’t change no matter wherever you are.

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8
Q

What is gravitaional strength?

A

Tells us how strong gravity is at that location. Measured in N/g or N/kg

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9
Q

What is the equation for gravitational strength?

A

Gravitational strength (N/kg) = Weight (N) / Mass (kg)

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10
Q

What is the equation for mass?

A

Mass (kg) = weight (N) / gravitational strength (N/kg).

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11
Q

What is the gravitational strength on Earth?

A

9.8N/kg

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12
Q

What is the gravitational strength on the Moon?

A

1.6N/kg

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13
Q

What is the gravitational strength on Mercury?

A

3.7N/kg

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14
Q

What is the gravitational strength on Jupiter?

A

24.8N/kg

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15
Q

What is the position of Mercury from the Sun?

A

1st plant away form the Sun

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16
Q

What is the size of Mercury, compared to the other planets?

A

Smallest of all plants in the solar system.

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17
Q

What is the temperature of Mercury?

A

Extremely hot at day and extremely cold at night.

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18
Q

What is the atmosphere like at Mercury?

A

Very thin, mostly made up of oxygen, sodium and hydrogen.

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19
Q

What is an interesting fact about Mercury?

A

Mercury has no moons.

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20
Q

What is the position of Venus from the Sun?

A

2nd planet away from the Sun.

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21
Q

What is the size of Venus compare to the other plants?

A

Similar in size to the Earth.

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22
Q

What is the surface of Mercury like?

A

Rocky and covered with craters,

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23
Q

What is the surface of Venus like?

A

Rocky with mountains, volcanoes and thick clouds.

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24
Q

What is the temperature of Venus like?

A

Hottest planet due to thick atmosphere trapping heat.

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25
Q

What is the atmosphere of Venus like?

A

Thick and toxic, mainly carbon dioxide with clouds of sulfuric acid.

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26
Q

What is a fun fact of Venus?

A

Rotates in the opposite direction to most planets.

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27
Q

What is Earth’s position from the Sun?

A

The 3rd planet from the Sun.

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28
Q

What is the size if the Earth compared to the other planets?

A

Fifth largest planet.

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29
Q

What is the temperature of the Earth?

A

Mild and suitable for life.

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30
Q

What is the surface of the Earth?

A

Rocky and 70% made up of water.

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31
Q

What is the atmosphere of Earth?

A

Mostly nitrogen and oxygen.

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32
Q

What is an interesting fact about the Earth?

A

Only planet known to support life.

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33
Q

What is Mars position from the Sun?

A

4th planet from the Sun.

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34
Q

What is the size of Mars compared to the other planets?

A

About half the size of Earth

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35
Q

What is the surface of Mars?

A

Rocky with mountains, valleys, and polar ice caps.

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36
Q

What is the temperature of Mars?

A

Cold, with temperatures dropping significantly at night.

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37
Q

What is the atmosphere of Mars?

A

Thin, mostly carbon dioxide.

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38
Q

What is an interesting fact about Mars?

A

Known as the Red Planet due to its reddish appearance.

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39
Q

What is Jupiter’s position from the Sun?

A

5th planet from the Sun.

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40
Q

What is the surface of Jupiter like?

A

Gas giant with no solid surface; has a Great Red Spot (a massive storm).

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41
Q

What is the size of Jupiter compared to the other planets?

A

Largest planet.

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42
Q

What is the atmosphere of Jupiter like?

A

Thick, mostly hydrogen and helium.

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43
Q

What is the temperature of Jupiter like?

A

Cold, with warmer temperatures near the core.

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44
Q

What is an interesting fact about Jupiter?

A

Has at least 79 moons, including Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system.

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45
Q

What is Saturn’s position from the Sun?

A

The 6th planet from the Sun.

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46
Q

What is the size of Saturn compared to the other planets?

A

Second largest planet.

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47
Q

What is the surface of Saturn like?

A

Gas giant with no solid surface; famous for its ring system.

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48
Q

What is the temperature of Saturn like?

A

Cold, with warmer temperatures near the core.

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49
Q

What is the atmosphere of Saturn like?

A

Thick, mostly hydrogen and helium.

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50
Q

What is an interesting fact about Saturn?

A

Rings are made of ice and rock particles.

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51
Q

What is the position of Uranus from the Sun?

A

6th planet from the Sun.

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52
Q

What is the size of Uranus compared to other planets?

A

Second largest planet.

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53
Q

What is the surface of Uranus?

A

Gas giant with a possible icy core; appears blue-green due to methane in atmosphere.

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54
Q

What is the temperature of Uranus?

A

Very cold.

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55
Q

What is the atmosphere of Uranus?

A

Mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane.

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56
Q

What is an interesting fact about Uranus?

A

Rotates on its side, making its rotation unique.

57
Q

What is the position of Neptune?

A

8th planet from the Sun.

58
Q

What is the size of Neptune compared to other planets?

A

Fourth largest planet.

59
Q

What is the surface of Neptune like?

A

Gas giant with a possible icy core; appears deep blue due to methane.

60
Q

What is the temperature of Neptune?

A

Very cold.

61
Q

What is the atmosphere like on Neptune?

A

Mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane.

62
Q

What is an interesting fact about Neptune?

A

Known for strong winds and storms, including the Great Dark Spot.

63
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars and their solar systems.

64
Q

What is a black hole?

A

A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out, due to the result of a star dying.

65
Q

What is a star?

A

Stars are huge, glowing balls of gases.

66
Q

What is a planet?

A

Any of the large bodies that revolve around the sun in the solar system.

67
Q

What is a moon?

A

A moon is an object that orbits a planet or another celestial body that is not a star.

68
Q

What is a comet?

A

Comets are large objects made of dust and ice that orbit the Sun.

69
Q

What is a meteor?

A

A meteor is any piece of comet, meteoroid, or asteroid that travels into Earth’s atmosphere.

70
Q

What comes form biggest to smallest in space?

A

The galaxy, the black hole, the star, the planet, the moon, the comet, and lastly the meteor.

71
Q

What is an Astronomical Unit?

A

An easier way to measure how far away planets are instead of Km.

72
Q

What does AU?

A

AU stands for Astronomical Unit.

73
Q

How many kilometres are in 1AU?

A

150 million Km.

74
Q

How many km in 10AU?

A

1 billion and 500 km.

75
Q

How many AU is Jupiter away from the Sun?

A

6AU.

76
Q

How far from the Earth to the edge of the solar system?

A

30,000 Au, it takes one year to reach the edge of our solar system.

77
Q

What is the nearest star in my Earth and how long it takes to reach it?

A

Prosima Centauri , it takes 4.25 years to reach Prosima Centauri.

78
Q

What is the name of our galaxy?

A

The Milky Way.

79
Q

How big is the Milky Way?

A

950,000,000,000,000,000km. It takes 100,000 lightyears to cross the Milky Way.

80
Q

How close is our nearest galaxy?

A

Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy AKA CMDG. It takes 25,000 light years to reach it.

81
Q

How big is the universe?

A

5,860,000,000,000 AU.

82
Q

What is a light year?

A

A lift year is the distance travelled by the light in one year.

83
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

The speed of light is 300,000km/s

84
Q

How many km in 1 light year?

A

Thera are 9.5 trillion km in 1 year.

85
Q

What happens in a solar system?

A

The planets orbit around the Sun.

86
Q

Where are most asteroids found?

A

Between Mars and Jupiter,

87
Q

Which two object sin space have the greatest distance apart?

A

Two neighbouring universes.

88
Q

How many galaxies are there in the universe?

A

2 trillion galaxies.

89
Q

Which force keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun?

A

Gravity.

90
Q

What does orbit mean?

A

An object moving around another object.

91
Q

What does the Earth spin on?

A

The Earth spins on an axis,

92
Q

Why do we have day and night?

A

We have day and night because the Earth rotates when it is daylight, , the Sun is shining on that part of the globe, when it doesn’t shine it is night time.

93
Q

How long is one full day?

A

24 hours for one full rotation.

94
Q

Why does the Sun move across the sky during the day?

A

The sun moves across the sky during the day because the Earth rotates anti-clockwise, so the Sun appears to rise in the east.

95
Q

Where does the Sun go at night?

A

We can’t see the Sun because we have rotated far way from it.

96
Q

What is the moon in relation to Earth?

A

The moon is our only natural satellite.

97
Q

How was the moon most likely formed?

A

The moon was most likely formed when a planet collided with Earth about 4.5 billion years ago.

98
Q

What is the crust of the moon made of?

A

The crust of the moon is made of rocks.

99
Q

Why does the moon’s surface have craters?

A

The moon’s surface has craters due to frequent asteroid impacts.

100
Q

What is the strength of gravity on the moon?

A

The strength of gravity on the moon is 1.6 N/kg.

101
Q

Why can we see the moon from Earth?

A

We can see the moon because it reflects light from the Sun.

102
Q

How long does it take for the moon to complete one full orbit around Earth?

A

One full orbit of the moon around Earth takes about 27 days..

103
Q

If the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, what could happen?

A

There could be a solar eclipse.

104
Q

If the Earth is between the Moon and the Sun, what would happen?

A

The Moon will be orbiting the Earth and the Earth will be orbiting the Sun.

105
Q

Why is there a solar eclipse every month?

A

Because the Moon only blocks the Sun.

106
Q

What causes the different phases of the moon?

A

The different phases of the moon are caused by its position relative to the Earth and the Sun.

107
Q

What is a moon phase?

A

A moon phase is the appearance of the moon as seen from Earth, which changes as the moon orbits Earth.

108
Q

What is the phase of the moon called when it is not visible from Earth?

A

New Moon.

109
Q

What is the phase of the moon called when it is fully visible from Earth?

A

Full Moon.

110
Q

What is the phase after the New Moon when a small part of the moon begins to be visible?

A

Waxing Crescent.

111
Q

What is the phase called when half of the moon is visible and increasing in visibility?

A

First Quarter.

112
Q

What is the phase called when more than half of the moon is visible and it continues to grow?

A

Waxing Gibbous.

113
Q

What is the phase called when the moon is fully visible and then starts decreasing in visibility?

A

Waning Gibbous.

114
Q

What is the phase called when half of the moon is visible and decreasing in visibility?

A

Last Quarter (or Third Quarter)

115
Q

How long does it take for the moon to go through all its phases?

A

It takes about 29.5 days for the moon to complete all its phases.

116
Q

What degree is the Earth’s axis always tilted at?

A

23.45 degrees.

117
Q

What does hemisphere mean?

A

Hemisphere means the two halves of a sphere.

118
Q

How long does it take for the Earth to rotate on its axis once?

A

24 hours.

119
Q

What is the Northern Hemisphere?

A

The half of Earth north of the equator.

120
Q

What is the Southern Hemisphere?

A

The half of Earth south of the equator.

121
Q

What are the main differences in seasons between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

A

When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.

122
Q

When is summer in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

June to August.

123
Q

When is summer in the Southern Hemisphere?

A

December to February

124
Q

When does the Northern Hemisphere have the longest day?

A

Around June 21st (summer solstice)

125
Q

When does the Southern Hemisphere have the longest day?

A

Around December 21st (summer solstice).

126
Q

What does summer solstice mean?

A

Summer solstice means when one of Earth’s poles has its maximum tilt towards the Sun.

127
Q

What is the equator?

A

An imaginary line dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

128
Q

How do stars differ in the hemispheres?

A

Different constellations are visible.

129
Q

Which hemisphere has more land?

A

Northern Hemisphere.

130
Q

What is the Tropic of Cancer?

A

23.5 degrees to the North of the Equator.

131
Q

What is the Tropic of Capricorn?

A

23.5 degrees to the South of the Equator.

132
Q

What is the distance to the Sun measured in?

A

Astronomical Units.

133
Q

Why do leap years happen?

A

Because a year on Earth is slightly longer than 365 days.

134
Q

How many days are there in a year?

A

365.

135
Q

When do leap years happen?

A

Every 4 years.

136
Q

What month has a day added to it when it is a leap year?

A

February, February 29th is the leap day.

137
Q

What is the name of the eclipse when the moon blocks out the Sun?

A

Solar eclipse.

138
Q

What is the name of the eclipse h the Earth blocks out the Sun?

A

Lunar eclipse.

139
Q

What type of nuclear reactions is occurring in the Sun?

A

Fusion.

Physics (3 decks)

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