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Forces Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a moment?

A

The turning effect of a force around the pivot/fulcrum.

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2
Q

How do we know if the moment will be anti-clockwise?

A

If the person the left-hand side creates a greater force than the person on the right-hand side.

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3
Q

How do we know if the moment will be clockwise?

A

If the person on the right-hand side has a greater force than the person on the left-hand side.

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4
Q

What two things that we need to determine to calculate the moment.

A

The force and the distance from the pivot.

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5
Q

What is the equation for calculating moment?

A

Force(N) x distance from pivot (cm or m).

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6
Q

What is the unit for moment?

A

Ncm or Nm (Newton centimetres of Newton metres).

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7
Q

What is friction?

A

When two surfaces are in contact with each other.

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8
Q

What does friction produce?

A

Heat.

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9
Q

Can friction be useful?

A

In some scenarios ,where you need to slow down, yes. But in other scenarios, where you need to be fast, no.

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10
Q

What does friction do?

A

Friction makes it harder for things to move.

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11
Q

What do we use to determine the amount of friction?

A

The thickness and smoothness of a surface.

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12
Q

What type of force is friction?

A

A contact force.

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13
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The resistance of a fluid to movement or change in shape.

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14
Q

What is a fluid?

A

Any liquid or gas that can’t sustain force when at rest and that undergoes a continuous change in shape.

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15
Q

What two states of matter is a fluid?

A

Liquid or gas.

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16
Q

What are the units for pressure

A

N/m squared, Pa (PASCALS) and Atmospheres.

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17
Q

Why is the unit for pressure called PASCALS?

A

Because the person who discovered pressure had the surname of Pascal.

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18
Q

What is the rule for fluid pressure?

A

Increasing depth= increasing pressure.

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19
Q

Why are deep divers suits made out of metal?

A

Because the material of the suit is metal which can handle the fluid pressure.

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20
Q

What is structure?

A

Structure is what supports the object e.g. skeleton allows humans to stand upright.

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21
Q

How many segments of structure are there?

A

2

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22
Q

What type of structures are in Segment 1?

A

Man-made structures and natural structures.

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23
Q

What is a man-made structure?

A

A structure made by humans and it is not natural.

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24
Q

What is a natural structure?

A

A structure that has naturally existed and was nit made by humans.

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25
Q

What type of structures are in Segment 2?

A

A frame structure and a shell structure.

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26
Q

What is a frame structure?

A

Structures that are composed of many parts.

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27
Q

What is a shell structure?

A

A structure that surrounds an object.

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28
Q

What is an example of a man-made structure?

A

An oil rig

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29
Q

What is an example of a natural stricture?

A

Trees

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30
Q

What is an example of a frame structure?

A

A bicycle.

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31
Q

What is an example of a shell structure?

A

An eggshell.

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32
Q

What is deformation?

A

Ways to destroy structures.

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32
Q

Overall how many types of structures are there?

A

4

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33
Q

How many types of ways ti destroy structures are there?

A

5

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34
Q

What is tension?

A

When a structure is stretches and made longer.

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35
Q

What is compression?

A

When a structure is shortened or squashed.

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36
Q

What is shearing?

A

When a structure slides across itself.

37
Q

What is torsion?

A

When a structure is twisted.

38
Q

What is bending?

A

When a structure is bent.

39
Q

What are the names of the ways to destroy structures?

A

Tension, compression, shearing, torsion and bending.

40
Q

How can forces be used?

A

Forces can be used to squash or stretch and object, this changes its shape.

41
Q

How can objects be stretched?

A

Some objects can be stretched by using force.

42
Q

How do we know if an object is elastic?

A

If the force is removed and the object returns to its original size and shape.

43
Q

How do we know if an object is deformed?

A

If the force is removed from the object and the object stays stretched.

44
Q

What is extension?

A

The different between the original length of an object and the new, longer length of an object.

45
Q

What is directly proportional?

A

If you double the force you double the force.

46
Q

What is Hooke’s Law?

A

If you double the force you double the extension (directly proportional.)

47
Q

What are simple machines?

A

An early form of invention.

48
Q

Are simple machines important?

A

In past times and currently, they are essnetial.

49
Q

Why do we need simple machines?

A

We need a certain amount of energy to do work but there is a limit to how much force our body can apply to a particular task. So to make things easier and more efficient we introduced simple machines.

50
Q

How do simple machines link with the amount of energy exerted on a task?

A

These machines reduced the amount of energy needed fro a task and multiply the force by cleverly applying the laws of physics.

51
Q

How many types of simple machines are there?

A

Six.

52
Q

What are the name of the types of simple machines?

A

Levers, pulleys, screws, inclined planes, wedges and the wheel and axle.

53
Q

What are the examples of levers?

A

Crowbars and scissors

54
Q

What is a first-class lever?

A

A lever that has its fulcrum between the point of resistance and the point of effort.

55
Q

What is an example of a first-class lever?

A

Scissors.

56
Q

What is the crowbar used for?

A

Used o move a heavy object like a rock or a log.

57
Q

How does the crowbar work?

A

The end of the crowbar is placed underneath the object, called the lead. Some parts of a crowbar is used to rest on another piece of stone or wood around which it moves.

58
Q

What is a lead?

A

Underneath the object where the crowbar is placed.

59
Q

What acts as a fulcrum when using a crowbar?

A

Some parts of a crowbar is used to rest on another piece of stone or wood which acts as a fulcrum.

60
Q

What is an effort arm when using a crowbar?

A

Then the free-end, also known as the effort arm is pressed to lift the heavy object.

61
Q

What does pressure mean?

A

Pressure is a measure of how much force is acting on an area.

62
Q

What is drag?

A

A mechanical force generated by the interaction and contact of a solid body or a fluid.

63
Q

What are the two types of drag?

A

Air resistance and water resistance.

64
Q

What is water resistance?

A

When something goes through the water tiny water particles hit the object creating a tiny friction.

65
Q

What causes pressure?

A

The particles move around and the force of them hitting the things causes pressure.

66
Q

Which directions do pressure from liquid and gases come from?

A

All directions.

67
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Force x distance

68
Q

What are the eight types of energy?

A

Kinetic energy, electrical energy, sound energy, light energy , thermal energy, elastic potential energy, gravitational potential energy.

69
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy from moving.

70
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

Energy generated for electricity.

71
Q

What is sound energy?

A

Energy generated form sound.

72
Q

What is light energy?

A

Energy generated form light.

73
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Energy generated through heat.

74
Q

What is Elastic Potential Energy?

A

Energy in a spring when a force is applied.

75
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

Energy form the pull of gravity.

76
Q

Can energy change on deformation?

A

Yes, when we throw a ball it starts with elastic energy, when it hits the ground it is deformed and when it hits the floor there is sound so there is sound energy, also when it hits the ground it makes heat so it is thermal energy. ( I tried to simplify it but I couldn’t sorry.)

77
Q

What is work done?

A

The work that is done when a force is used to move an object.

78
Q

What is distance moved, measured in?

A

Metres or any other unit that relates to distance.

79
Q

What is force measured in?

A

N (Newtons)

80
Q

What is work done measured in?

A

J (Joules)

81
Q

How does work done link to energy?

A

Well, J (Joules) is a unit used to measure both energy and work done. Also, you need energy to move an object.

82
Q

What is the rule for atmospheric pressure?

A

Increasing height = decreasing pressure

83
Q

Why does atmospheric pressure decrease when we go up?

A

Because there is less air as gravity has pulled the air downwards. Less air particles collide with the object so pressure is less.

84
Q

What is the equation for pressure?

A

Pressure= Force x Area

85
Q

What is drag?

A

A type of friction which tends to slow objects moving through water or air down.

86
Q

How many types of drag are there?

A

2

87
Q

What are the names of the types of drag?

A

Air resistance and water resistance.

88
Q

What is water resistance?

A

When an object moves through water, tiny water particles hit the object which causes a small friction.

89
Q

What is air resistance?

A

When an object mo es through air, tiny air particles hit the object which causes a small friction.

Physics (3 decks)

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