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Physics > Energy > Flashcards

Energy Flashcards

Year 7

1
Q

What is a system?

A

An object or group of objects.

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2
Q

What are the eight energy systems?

A

Kinetic, chemical, elastic,thermal,nuclear,gravitational,magnetic and electrostatic.

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3
Q

How many stores of energy are there?

A

8

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4
Q

What are sone examples of chemical energy stores?

A

Aeroplane(gravitational),balloon(elastic) and ice(thermal)

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5
Q

What is an energy transfer pathway?

A

An energy pathway describes the stores that energy is transferred between and how it is transferred.

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6
Q

How many energy transfer pathways are there?

A

4

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7
Q

What are the energy transfer pathways?

A

Heating, electrical,mechanical and radiation.

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8
Q

What stores are used as you move your arm?

A

Chemical store in the muscles to the kinetic as the arm moves.

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9
Q

What is energy potential stores?

A

Potential energy is the stored energy in an object due to its position, properties, and forces acting on it.

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10
Q

What are the energy potential stores?

A

Elastic potential and gravitational potential energy.

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11
Q

What are pendulums?

A

A ball that swings that eventually stops due to loss of energy

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12
Q

What is the wasteful energy store in a pendulum?

A

Heat/thermal energy.

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13
Q

Why does the pendulum eventually stop?

A

The pendulum eventually stops because the GPE and kinetic energy store slowly empty and fulls the thermal store .

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14
Q

What is GPE short for?

A

Gravitational Potential Energy

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15
Q

What are the only tow energy stores in a perfect pendulum?

A

GPE and Kinetic

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16
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Useful output/ total output.

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17
Q

When calculating the efficiency, how can we turn our answer into %?

A

If you have a decimal answer, multiply by 100 and add the percentage sign to it

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18
Q

What unit do we measure energy in?

A

J for Joules.

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19
Q

What is conservation of energy?

A

The law that states that energy can’t be created or destroyed.

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20
Q

What energy stores are in a pendulum and how do we know this?

A

Heat,GPE and and Kinetic because the pendulum is moving (kinetic) while moving it creates heat (thermal) and it is the air (GPE).

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21
Q

Why can systems never be 110% efficient?

A

It can’t use any extra energy, the most you can get is 100%.

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22
Q

Why is energy so important?

A

Because we need it in our daily lives to do everyday things (biology) and to power machinery and houses (geography and physics).

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23
Q

What does non-renewable mean?

A

Something that can’t be replaced

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24
Q

What is the four non-renewable sources?

A

The four non-renewable sources are nuclear , gas , oil and fuels.

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25
Q

What does renewable mean?

A

Something that can be replaced. It will last for eternity.

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26
Q

How many minutes are in an hour?

A

60

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27
Q

In appliances ( everyday electronic household machinery) , what is the unit used for energy used?

A

Kwh ( Kilo Watts per Hour)

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28
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy to do with movement.

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29
Q

What is GPE?

A

Energy to do with an object height. Energy to do with an object that is above the ground.

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30
Q

What is magnetic energy?

A

Energy to do with magnets.

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31
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy stored in substances and released in chemical reactions.

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32
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Energy to do with heat.

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33
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

Energy to do with objects that have elasticity ( stretchy)

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34
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

The energy stored in an atoms nucleus and is released through nuclear reactions.

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35
Q

What is electromagnetic energy?

A

Energy to do with electric and magnetic fields.

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36
Q

What are some examples of elastic energy?

A

Drawn catapults, compressed springs , inflated balloons.

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37
Q

What are some examples or nuclear energy?

A

Uranium/platinum nuclear fuel (nuclear fission) , the sun (nuclear fission)

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38
Q

What are some examples of electromagnetic energy?

A

Thunderclouds and Van de Graff generators.

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39
Q

What are some examples of chemical energy?

A

Foods, fuels ,muscles, electrical cells/batteries.

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40
Q

What are some examples of GPE?

A

Aeroplanes, kites , mugs on a table.

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41
Q

What are some examples of thermal energy?

A

Human bodies, hot coffees, stoves or hobs. Ice particles vibrate slower, but still have energy.

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42
Q

What are some examples of kinetic energy?

A

Runners, buses, comets.

43
Q

What are some examples of magnetic energy?

A

Fridge magnets, compasses, maglev trains which use magnetic levitation.

44
Q

What are some models that demonstrate the conservation of energy?

A

Water model and money model.

45
Q

How does the water model demonstrate the conservation of energy?

A

There is water in many beakers at the same level (water is energy) the water is poured into different stores/beakers. These beakers can be wasteful energy, the water is never lost but wasted.

46
Q

How does the money model demonstrate the conservation of energy?

A

Money (energy) can be given to tills at shops (store) or kept in saves, pockets or banks which are other stores of energy.

47
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

The thing you change in an experiment.

48
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

The thing you measure in an experiment.

49
Q

What is the control variable?

A

The thing you keep the same in an experiment.

50
Q

What does efficiency mean?

A

How good an object is at transferring energy into useful energy.

51
Q

How does geothermal energy generate electricity?

A

Heat from inside the Earth turns water into steam, driving turbines.

52
Q

Is geothermal energy renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

53
Q

What are the advantages of geothermal energy?

A

It produces no air or water pollution and provides a reliable energy source.

54
Q

What are the disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A

It can only be built in specific locations, and drilling deep into the Earth can be expensive.

55
Q

How do fossil fuels generate electricity?

A

Fossil fuels are burned to heat water, producing steam that spins turbines to generate electricity.

56
Q

Are fossil fuels renewable or non-renewable?

A

Non-renewable.

57
Q

What are the advantages of fossil fuels?

A

They are reliable, can generate large amounts of energy, and are widely available.

58
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A

They produce greenhouse gases, cause pollution, contribute to climate change, and are a limited resource.

59
Q

How does nuclear energy generate electricity?

A

Atoms are split in a process called nuclear fission, which releases heat that turns water into steam to spin turbines.

60
Q

Is nuclear energy renewable or non-renewable?

A

Non-renewable (but uranium lasts a long time).

61
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear energy?

A

Small amounts of fuel produce large amounts of energy, and it doesn’t produce greenhouse gases.

62
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear energy?

A

It produces dangerous radioactive waste, has a risk of nuclear accidents, and is expensive to build power plants.

63
Q

How does biomass generate electricity?

A

Organic materials like wood, waste, and crops are burned to produce heat, which generates electricity.

64
Q

Is biomass renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

65
Q

What are the advantages of biomass energy?

A

It uses waste materials, reduces landfill, and is a renewable energy sour

66
Q

What are the disadvantages of biomass energy?

A

Burning biomass releases carbon dioxide (CO₂), contributing to air pollution and climate change

67
Q

How does wind energy generate electricity?

A

Wind turns turbine blades, which spin a generator to produce electricity.

68
Q

Is wind energy renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

69
Q

What are the advantages of wind energy?

A

It produces no pollution, is a free energy source, and the UK has great wind resources.

70
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind energy?

A

It is not always reliable since wind is unpredictable, and wind turbines can be noisy and affect wildlife.

71
Q

How does solar energy generate electricity?

A

Solar panels absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.

72
Q

Is solar energy renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

73
Q

What are the advantages of solar energy?

A

It produces no pollution, sunlight is free, and solar panels have low maintenance costs.

74
Q

What are the disadvantages of solar energy?

A

It doesn’t work at night, is less effective in cloudy weather, and solar panels can be expensive to install.

75
Q

How does hydroelectric energy generate electricity?

A

Water stored in a dam is released, spinning turbines to generate electricity.

76
Q

Is hydroelectric energy renewable or non-renewable?

A

Renewable.

77
Q

What are the advantages of hydroelectric energy?

A

It is a reliable energy source, produces no pollution, and can store energy for later use.

78
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric energy?

A

Dams are expensive to build, can disrupt ecosystems, and may cause flooding.

79
Q

What is the difference between energy stores and energy resources?

A

Energy stores are where energy is kept (like chemical energy in food or fuel), while energy resources are sources we use to generate electricity (like wind, solar, or fossil fuels).

80
Q

What is the difference between energy stores and energy pathways?

A

Energy stores are where energy is held (e.g., thermal, chemical, kinetic), while energy pathways are how energy is transferred (e.g., heating, electrical work, radiation).

81
Q

How does tidal energy work?

A

The movement of ocean tides turns underwater turbines to generate electricity.

82
Q

What are the advantages of tidal energy?

A

Predictable (tides always happen), no pollution and
long-lasting technology.

83
Q

What are the disadvantages of tidal energy?

A

Can harm marine life , expensive to build and
only works in coastal areas

84
Q

What is the difference between hydroelectric and tidal energy?

A

Hydroelectric uses water from a dam to spin turbines, while tidal uses ocean tides to move turbines.

85
Q

What are the eight energy resources?

A

Fossil fuels, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric energy, tidal energy, biomass , geothermal energy.

86
Q

Why is renewable resources better than non-renewable sources?

A

Generating renewable energy creates far lower emissions than burning fossil fuels. Also they last longer.

87
Q

What does energy dissipation mean?

A

A process where energy tends to leave an object and spread to the surroundings.

88
Q

What is the equation for the amount of energy used?

A

Power (Kw) x time (h)

89
Q

What is the equation for the cost of energy?

A

Cost (p) = Energy used (KwH) x cost per unit (p)

90
Q

What is NOT an energy store?

A

Light

91
Q

What is NOT an energy pathway?

A

Lighting

92
Q

What does dissipated mean?

A

Energy spread out waste fully.

93
Q

When a pendulum stops swinging where does the energy go to?

A

The surroundings.

94
Q

What is NOT a fossil fuel?

A

Gas.

95
Q

Which is an example of a non-renewable sources are?

A

Nuclear power.

96
Q

Which source gives of the most carbon dioxide?

A

Nuclear power stations.

97
Q

What is the energy transfers in a hydroelectric power stations?

A

Gravitational ➡️ kinetic ➡️

98
Q

What does nuclear fission mean?

A

In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart, which releases energy.

99
Q

What gives off the most sulphur dioxide, in terms of the topic of energy?

A

Nuclear fission.

100
Q

What does relaxing carbon dioxide by burning fossils fuels cause?

A

An increased greenhouse gas effect.

101
Q

What does releasing sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere cause?

A

Acid rain

102
Q

What are the TWO units that we can measure energy in?

A

kWh and J

103
Q
A

Physics (4 decks)

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