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A&P SMCC 2015 > SP1 Ophthalmic > Flashcards

SP1 Ophthalmic Flashcards

1
Q

accomodation

A
  • focusing*

- increase in optical power of the eye

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2
Q

amblyopia

A

loss of visioning an eye without any detectable anatomic damage to the globe or visual pathways

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3
Q

astigmatism

A

corneal asphericity

focusing defect in which refractive power of eye is not uniform in all directions resulting in distorted vision

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4
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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5
Q

extraocular (extrinsic) vs intraocular (intrinsic)

A

structures outside (extrinsic) or inside (intrinsic) the globe

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6
Q

photophobia

A

abnormal sensitivity to and discomfort from light

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7
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness
distant objects clear
close object not

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8
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness
close objects clear
distant object not

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9
Q

7 bones that form the bony orbit of the eye

A
  • zygomatic
  • frontal
  • maxillary
  • sphenoid
  • ethmoid
  • lacrimal
  • palatine
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10
Q

p. palpebrael; s. palpebral are?

A

eyelids, eyelid

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11
Q

levator palpebrae superioris muscle functions in?

A

opening of the eye

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12
Q

orbicularis oculi muscle functions in?

A

closing the eye

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13
Q

sty vs chalaziopn

A

sty: external hordeolum
chalazion:
- internal hordeolum

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14
Q

canthus

A

medial and lateral angles of each eye formed by junction of upper and lower lids

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15
Q

tarsal meibomian glands (3)

A
  • secrete fluid preventing lids from adhering to each other
  • located within tarsal plate
  • obstruction of gland leads to “chalazion”
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16
Q

lacrimal glands vs lacrimal ducts

A

lac glands: produce tears

lac ducts: drain tears

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17
Q

conjunctiva: palpebral

A

thicker portion lining the inner surface of the eyelid

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18
Q

conjunctiva: bulbar

A

covers sclera, not cornea and is continuous with palpebral conjunctiva

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19
Q

extrinsic eye muscles are innervated by…

A

3rd (oculomotor)
4th (trochlear)
6th (abducens)
(LR6,SO4)3

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20
Q

superior rectus muscle rotates globe…

A

upwards towards midline of the body

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21
Q

inferior rectus muscle rotates globe

A

downward and toward the midline of the body

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22
Q

medial rectus muscle rotates globe

A

toward the midline of the body

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23
Q

lateral rectus muscle rotates globe

A

away from midline of the body

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24
Q

superior oblique muscle rotates globe

A

downward and away from midline of the body

25
Q

inferior oblique muscle rotates globe

A

upward and away from inferior midline of the body

26
Q

intrinsic eye muscles: IRIS muscles

A
  • responsible for pupillary dilation & constriction

- regulate amount of light entering the globe

27
Q

intrinsic eye muscles: ciliary muscles

A

responsible for accommodation (focusing)

28
Q

functions of fibrous tunic: cornea/sclera

A
  1. admit and refract light (cornea)

2. provide shape/support/protection to internal structures (sclera)

29
Q

A&P of superficial fibrous tunic (3)

A
  • cornea: transparent
  • sclera: white of the eye
  • limbus: where cornea&sclera meet
30
Q

A&P of intermediate vascular tunic: UVEA (2)

A
  • nourishing pigmented intermediate layer

- choroid, ciliary body, and iris

31
Q

functions of intermediate vascular tunic (3)

A
  1. regulates of amount of light entering globe (iris)
  2. secrete aqueous humor/accommodation (ciliary body)
  3. retinal nourishment/absorption of light rays (choroid)
32
Q

nervous tunic

A

retina; deep innermost layer

33
Q

sensorineural layer

A

contains photoreceptors (light sensitive neurons) converting light rays into electrical impulses

34
Q

photoreceptor: RODS

A

afford black and white vision

35
Q

photoreceptor: CONES

A

afford color vision

36
Q

which nerve relays impulses for sight?

A

2nd cranial optic nerve

37
Q

optic disc

A

anatomic blind spot (optic nerve meets retina

38
Q

fovea centralis

A

area of highest visual acuity

39
Q

crystalline lens

A

brings light rays to a focal point on fovea centralis of the retina

40
Q

zonular fibers (suspensory ligaments)

A

holds crystalline lens in place

-transmit ciliary contraction to lens for (accommodation)

41
Q

the anterior and posterior chambers make up the..

A

anterior cavity of the eye

42
Q

what has the greatest refractive power of the 4 components of the refractive apparatus?

A

cornea

43
Q

diagnostic interventions: topical fluorescein staining

A

application of fluorescein sodium to corneal surface to detect damage

44
Q

diagnostic interventions: tonometry

A

measures intraoccqular pressure of the globe; useful in diagnosis glaucoma

45
Q

2 goals of opthalic anesthesia

A
  1. provide absence of sensation

2. provide akinesia (motionless field)

46
Q

anesthesia:
- Retrobulbar Block (intraconal)
- Peribulbar Block (extraconal)

A
  • Retrobulbar Block: area behind globe

- Peribulbar Block: are surrounding globe

47
Q

additives to injectable anesthetic agents:

A

epinephrine: NOT ENZYME assist with vasoconstriction
hyaluronidase: ENZYME added to enhance dispersion of anesthetic

48
Q

most common irrigation solution for ophthalmic surgery

A
  • BSS balanced salt solution

* may be used into & extraocularly

49
Q

miotic agents and functions

A
  • carbachol*

- constriction of the pupil

50
Q

mydriatic agents

A
  • phenylephrine (neo-synephrine)*

- dilation of the pupil

51
Q

function of cycloplegic agents (2)

A
  • allow mydriasis

- inhibits accommodation

52
Q

alpha chymotrypsin

A

facilitates lens extraction by dissolving zonular fibers

53
Q

positioning of the patient for ophthalmic surgery

A

supine with operative eye turned up

54
Q

position of OR bed during ophthalmic surgery

A

rotated 90 degrees in order to accommodate anesthesia and surgeon

55
Q

what should chlorhexidine gluconate never be used during ophthalmic surgery skin prep

A

chlorhexidine gluconate is oculotoxic and ototoxic

56
Q

3 special considerations of ophthalmic draping (3)

A
  • water repellent
  • lint/fiber free
  • allow adequate air exchange
57
Q

phacoemulsification unit is used to

A

uses ultrasonic energy to break up and remove (emulsify/aspirate) a cataract

58
Q

most frequent wound dressing for ophthalmic surgey

A

achieved with a sterile gauze eye pad secured with non-allergenic tape

A&P SMCC 2015 (20 decks)

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