Chapter 2 Flashcards
atom
smallest part of element comprised of subatomic particles
+Protons+
-Electrons-
Neutron
Atomic #`
of protons in nucleus
Atomic Weight
Protons + Neutrons in nucleus
Isotope
atom with same atomic# / different atomicWT
Ion
atom has gained or lost electron
Cation
+ charged atom
Anion
- charged atom
Ionic Bond
Cation/Anion attract
Covalent Bond
Atoms share electrons
Polar Molecule
Slight - / Slight +
Hydrogen Bond
Weak attraction formed between water
PH Scale
Indicates concentration of Hydrogen atoms
Base-14
Neutral-7
Acid-1
Organic / Inorganic
Organic: contains carbon, dissolve in water Inorganic: no carbon dissolve or react with ions in water
Carbohydrate
Provide energy
monosacharides, disachharides, polysachharide
Sugars
Lipids
Fats
Triglycerides
Saturated, monounsaturated, transfers
Proteins
structural material, provide energy
hormones, enzymes, antibodies
hemoglobin
Nucleic Acid
constitue genes
plays role in protein synthesis
RNA/DNA
Metabolic Process
All chemical reactions occurring in the body
Anabolic
molecules made
requires energy
Catabolic
Molecules broken down
release energy
Dehydration synthesis
creates water, create bonds, contain energy
Hydrolysis (Catabolism)
requires water
molecules broken down
energy released from bonds
Anabolism
builds complex molecules
Enzymes
control / speed up chemical reactions
Cellular Respiration
- Glycolysis - 2ATP
- Citric Acid Cycle - 36ATP
- Electron Transport Chain - 36ATP
Yields 38ATP total
Glycolysis
Step 1 break down sugars cytoplasm anaerobic 2atp
Citric Acid Cycle
Step 2 cont. of glycosis occurs in mitochondria aerobic 36atp
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Step 3
cont. of citric acid cycle
occurs in mitochondria
aerobic
