Chapter 3

Question 1

Cell differentiation

Answer 1

cells form specific structure for function

Question 2

3 major parts of cell

Answer 2

Nucleus
Cytoplasm (water like fluid)
Cell membrane (balloon filled with water)

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

maintains integrity of the cell
permeable, lets substances in/out
proteins act as gatekeeper

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

cytosil (liquid) + organelles

Question 5

Cyto-organelle: Ribosomes

Answer 5

protein synthesis

RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)

Question 6

Cyto-organelle: Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

RER= protein synthesis
SER (smooth)= fat synthesis
transport area

Question 7

Cyto-organelle: Vesicles

Answer 7

balloon-like sacs transport/store material in and out of cell

Question 8

Cyto-organelle: Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

packages proteins for transport

Question 9

Cyto-organelle: Mitochodria

Answer 9

powerhouse

found in areas of high activity

Question 10

Cyto-organelle: Lysosomes

Answer 10

garbage collectors

contains enzymes that process waste

Question 11

Cyto-organelle: Centrosomes

Answer 11

involved in cell devision

produce spindle fibers during mitosis

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

tells cells when to divide / what to manufacture.

Question 13

4 Cell Movement Passive Physical

Answer 13

Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Filtration

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

Molecules move from high concentration area to low concentration area

Question 15

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 15

Ions move through channels, molecules move by carrier proteins from high concentration to low concentration

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

moves water through permeable membrane

creates pressure on one side of membrane

Question 17

Filtration

Answer 17

smaller molecules forced through membrane

Question 18

Cell cycle

Answer 18

Interphase = genetic material replicates
Mitosis = division of nucleus
Cytokinesis  = division of cytoplasm

Question 19

Mitosis: Interphase

Answer 19

Synthesizes DNA and materials for organelles

Question 20

Mitosis: Prophase

Answer 20

Chomatin fibers condense
Centrioles move to opposite poles
Loss of nuclear membrane

Question 21

Mitosis: Metaphase

Answer 21

Chromosomes align in center

Centrioles at opposite ends, attach to chromatin

Question 22

Mitosis: Anaphase

Answer 22

Chromosomes pulled apart towards opposite poles of cell

Question 23

Mitosis: Telophase

Answer 23

Chromosomes reach opposite poles/centrioles

Reverse-prophase: nucelic membrane reforms

Question 24

Telomere

Answer 24

of times cell can divide (wick of candle)

Question 25

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Answer 25

Suppress mitosis

Question 26

Oncogenes

Answer 26

Abnormal variants of genes that control cell cycle, unchecked form tumors.

Question 27

Blastoderm

Gastrolation

Answer 27

Embryonic tissue forming after cell division

Horseshoe created by fisting motion (creates bend in what will be fetus)