sp. preterite (past) verb tense, here and there recap, demonstrative, adjectives

Question 1

What is the preterite tense in Spanish?

Answer 1

A
The preterite is one of two past tenses in Spanish. It is associated with a single action that is terminated and complete, rather than an action that was ongoing for a period of time.

Question 2

I studied with my cousins

Answer 2

Estudié con mis primos

I studied - estudié

Question 3

Do you think that I studied last night? Because I didn’t study

Answer 3

A
¿Piensas que estudié anoche?
Porque no estudié

last night - anoche

Question 4

That is not true; María did not study with my sister. She studied with my cousin

Answer 4

A
Eso no es verdad; María no estudió con mi hermana.
Estudió con mi primo

he/she studied - estudió

Question 5

Rodrigo, did you study with your girlfriend?

Answer 5

A
Rodrigo, ¿estudiaste con tu novia?

you studied - estudiaste

Question 6

Since Raquel did not study yesterday, she is scared to take the test today

Answer 6

A
Como Raquel no estudió ayer, entonces tiene miedo de tomar el examen hoy

yesterday - ayer

Question 7

What are you saying? We did study yesterday!

Answer 7

A
¿Qué dices? ¡Nosotros sí estudiamos ayer!

we studied - estudiamos

Question 8

You (vosotros) did not study last night

Answer 8

A
Vosotros no estudiasteis anoche

you (vosotros) studied - estudiasteis

Question 9

Mike and Ricardo studied for their art test

Answer 9

A
Mike y Ricardo estudiaron para su examen de arte

they, you (uds) studied - estudiaron

Question 10

TO STUDY (Preterite Tense)
* I studied
* You studied
* He/She studied
* We studied
* You studied
* They studied

Answer 10

A
ESTUDIAR (Tiempo Pretérito)
* Yo estudié
* Tú estudiaste
* Él/Ella/Ud estudió
* Nosotros estudiamos
* Vosotros estudiasteis
* Ellos/Ellas/Uds estudiaron

Question 11

What are the endings of regular - ar verbs (such as estudiar) conjugated in the preterite?

Answer 11

A
Regular Preterite -ar endings
* -é (yo)
* -aste (tú)
* -ó (él, ella, usted)
* -amos (nosotros)
* -asteis (vosotros)
* -aron (ellos, ellas)

Question 12

I did not learn anything this year. Did you?

Answer 12

A
No aprendí nada este año, ¿y tú?

I learned - aprendí.

Note that -í is the regular preterite ending for both -er and -ir verbs in the first person singluar form (yo)

Question 13

Miguel, you didn’t learn anything in this class

Answer 13

A
Miguel, tú no aprendiste nada en esta clase
you learned - aprendiste

Question 14

Monica and I learned to drive yesterday

Answer 14

A
Monica y yo aprendimos a conducir ayer

we learned – aprendimos

Question 15

Did you (vosotros) learn how to cook at home?

Answer 15

A
¿Aprendisteis a cocinar en casa?

you (vosotros) learned - aprendisteis

Question 16

They say that they didn’t learn anything this year

Answer 16

A
Dicen que no aprendieron nada este año

they learned - aprendieron

Question 17

TO LEARN (Preterite Tense)
* I learned
* You learned
* He/She learned
* We learned
* You learned
* They learned

Answer 17

A
APRENDER (Tiempo pretérito)
* Yo aprendí
* Tú aprendiste
* Él/Ella/Ud aprendió
* Nosotros aprendimos
* Vosotros aprendisteis
* Ellos/Ellas/Uds aprendieron

Question 18

What are the endings of regular - er and -ir verbs (such as aprender) conjugated in the preterite?

Answer 18

A
Regular Preterite -er and -ir endings
* -í (yo)
* -iste (tú)
* -ió (él, ella, usted)
* -imos (nosotros)
* -isteis (vosotros)
* -ieron (ellos, ellas)

Question 19

This is the last dessert that we have

Answer 19

A
Este es el último postre que tenemos

last - último. Note that último can be used as both an adjective and as an adverb

Question 20

Did you learn anything last year?

Answer 20

A
¿Aprendiste algo el año pasado?

last year - el año pasado. Note that that you are literally saying “the year past”. This would apply whenever you are talking about time that has gone by, such as a year, a month, or a week: el año pasado, el mes pasado, or la semana pasada

Question 21

I lived in Spain last year

Answer 21

A
Yo viví en Spain el año pasado

I lived - viví. Note that vivir follows a regular -ir ending pattern of conjugation in the preterite

Question 22

Marcos, did you live in a big house?

Answer 22

A
Marcos, ¿viviste en una casa grande?

you lived – viviste

Question 23

Our professor lived in this building right here

Answer 23

A
Nuestro profesor vivió en este edificio aquí

he/she lived – vivió

Question 24

We never lived in Spain; we lived in Chile

Answer 24

A
Nunca vivimos en España; vivimos en Chile
we lived - vivimos

Question 25

Alejandro says that you (vosotros) lived with your grandmother

Answer 25

A Alejandro dice que vosotros vivisteis con vuestra abuela you (vosotros) lived - vivisteis

Question 26

Did Pepe, Esperanza, and Xavier live there?

Answer 26

A ¿Vivieron allí Pepe, Esperanza y Xavier? they lived – vivieron

Question 27

We watched a movie last night

Answer 27

A Vimos una película anoche movie - la película

Question 27

TO LIVE (Preterite Tense) * I lived * You lived * He/She lived * We lived * You lived * They lived

Answer 27

A VIVIR (Tiempo Pretérito) * Yo viví * Tú viviste * Él/Ella/Ud vivió * Nosotros vivimos * Vosotros vivisteis * Ellos/Ellas/Uds vivieron Remember that the conjugation of regular -ir verbs in the preterite is the same as for -er verbs

Question 27

Carmen never cleaned the kitchen

Answer 27

A Carmen nunca limpió la cocina to clean – limpiar

Question 28

The movie ended at midnight

Answer 28

A La película terminó a medianoche to end - terminar

Question 29

I already sent the letter

Answer 29

A Ya mandé la carta to send, to command - mandar. Remember that we can use both enviar and mandar to mean “to send”

Question 30

You never sent the email

Answer 30

A Nunca mandaste el correo electrónico email - el correo electrónico. Note that correo also means regular “mail”, and that some countries simply use the English word “email” in their Spanish conversation

Question 31

Did Jaime receive the email?

Answer 31

A ¿Recibió Jaime el correo electrónico? Note that Spanish does not have an equivalent helping verb to the English word “Did”. Instead, we simply begin the question with the conjugated verb, and place the subject directly after it

Question 32

My sister’s baby is going to be born in three days

Answer 32

A El bebé de mi hermana va a nacer en tres días to be born - nacer

Question 33

My grandmother was born ninety-nine years ago

Answer 33

A Mi abuela nació hace noventa y nueve años (length of time) ago - hace (medida de tiempo)

Question 34

And the man came out suddenly

Answer 34

A Y el hombre salió de repente suddenly - de repente

Question 35

The female students are over here with us

Answer 35

A Las estudiantes están acá con nosotros over here - acá

Question 36

What are the uses of aquí, acá, allí, and allá?

Answer 36

A * aquí, acá –>“here”. The variation in meaning depends on the country * allí –>“there” and means that something is less near * allá –>“over there” and means that something is farther

Question 37

* I do not want that orange; I want that one that is way over there *

Answer 37

A * No quiero esa naranja; quiero aquella que está allá * that one - aquel. Note that aquel expresses that the object is far away. Also note that the plural for aquel is aquellos

Question 38

What is the meaning of este, esta, esto and their respective plural forms?

Answer 38

A * este –> masculine for “this”; estos–> masculine plural for “these” * esta –> feminine for “this”; estas –> feminine plural for “these” * esto –> gender neutral for “this” and is never followed by a noun * éste –> masculine for “this one”; éstos –> masculine plural for “these ones”. They are never followed by a noun * ésta –> feminine for “this one”; éstas –> feminine plural for “these ones”. They are never followed by a noun

Question 39

What is the meaning of ese, esa, eso and their respective plural forms?

Answer 39

A * ese –> masculine for “that”; esos –> masculine plural for “those” * esa –> feminine for “that” ; esas –> feminine plural for “those” * eso –> gender neutral for “that” and is never followed by a noun

Question 40

What is the meaning of aquel, aquella, aquello and their respective plural forms?

Answer 40

A * aquel –> masculine for “that one over there”; aquellos –> masculine plural for “those over there” * aquella –> feminine for “that one over there”; aquellas –> feminine plural for “those over there” * aquello –> gender neutral for “that over there” and is never followed by a noun