SP 5: Working Memory Flashcards

Week 5

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

working memory

A

core components of executive functioning

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2
Q

working memory and school

A
  • better predictor at age 5 than IQ for academic achievement at age 11
  • predicts subsequent learning in children with learning difficulties
  • brain activity during visuospatial task predicts arithmetical performance 2 years later
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3
Q

working memory model: baddely and hitch

A

central executive: central control system
- phonological loop
- long term memory
- visuospatial sketchpad

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4
Q

memory span

A

number of items you can retain in your phonological loop

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5
Q

influencing factors on memory span

A

age (capacity increases with age)
word length
articulation rate

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6
Q

working memory development

A

5 y/o: children switch from visual to phonological working memory

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7
Q

phonological confusability/similarity effect

A
  • it’s easier to remember words that sound different from each other (non-homophones) compared to words that sound similar (homophones)
  • only adults have this, because of interference, 3-5 y/o DON’T: because they rely of visual memory system
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8
Q

picture confusion memory task

A

if young children use visual rehearsal strategies instead of phonological, are they also more confused with visually similar images than older children?
- conclusion: yes
- 5 y/o: visually similar pictures most difficult
- 10 y/o: long names most difficult (word length effect)
implications: as memory development proceeds -> less use of visual working memory

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9
Q

maintenance and manipulation

A

experiment:
forward: maintenance
backward: maintenance + manipulation
- 8-12 y/o perform disproportionally worse on manipulation
- implication: different developmental trajectories for maintenance and manipulation

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10
Q

measuring working memory

A

1) span board task
2) digit-span task
3) picture-span task
4) N-back task

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11
Q

Span Board Task

A

having to follow a sequence of tapping objects
- visuospatial modality
- maintaining information
- working memory capacity

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12
Q

Digit-Span Task

A

you get recited numbers (forwards: maintenance, backwards: manipulation)
- used in WISC-V

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13
Q

Picture-Span Task

A

point to pictures in correct order (instead of numbers)
- used in WISC-V

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14
Q

N-back task

A

maintaining and updating information online
- possible for both visual and auditory stimuli
- visuospatial/phonological modality
- updating

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15
Q

BRIEF-2: Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function

A

early identification of children with low working memory
- questionnaire about behavior past 6 months

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16
Q

behavior low working memory

A
  • poor attention span
  • poor in planning and organizing information
  • sometimes wrongfully diagnosed with ADHD
17
Q

training of working memory

A

study with group adults and group adolescents; working memory training for 6 weeks; pre and post test with fMRI scan
- performance before training: adults > adolescents
- performance after training: adults = adolescents
implications: training might lead to more efficient strategy use among adolescents