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France _ Rhone > Southern Rhone Winemaking > Flashcards

Southern Rhone Winemaking Flashcards

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1
Q

Southern Rhone Winemaking (2)

  1. Several techniques used, Car often used
  2. Trad F. followed by long oak aging
A
  1. Several techniques used; Carbonic is often used
  2. Traditional fermentation is followed long oak aging
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2
Q

Southern Rhone Wine Appellations & Styles

  1. VdP (5) CR, Ard, Dr, Vauc + Bdu-Rhone
  2. CdR
  3. CdR V
  4. Rhone Crus (7)
    1. CdP
    2. G
    3. Vac
    4. T
    5. L
    6. Vin
    7. BdV
  5. Other ACs (3)
A
  1. Vin de Pays (Collines Rhodaniennes, Ardeche, Drome, Vaucluse & Bouches-du-Rhone)
  2. Cote du Rhone
  3. Cote du Rhone Villages
  4. Rhone Crus
    1. CdP
    2. Gigondas
    3. Vacqueyras
    4. Tavel
    5. Lirac
    6. Vinsobres
    7. Beaumes de Venise
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3
Q
  1. IGPs (5) (2)
  2. C R, Ard, Dr, Vau + B-du-Rh
  3. Wine prod f Declassified G or vines too young to be AC
  4. Inc use of IGP for s varietals from S.Rh, ie, Syr + Vio
A

IGPs (Collines Rhodaniennes, Ardeche, Drome, Vaucluse & Bouches-du-Rhone)

  1. Often wine produced from declassified grapes or from vines too young to be AC.
  2. Increasing use of IGP status for single varietals from S. Rhone - Syrah & Viognier good examples
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4
Q
  1. Cote du Rhone
  2. Second biggest wine region after Bdx
  3. Prod in N + S, mostly S
  4. Req 43hl/ha since 08 / min 40% G (S), 70% G/S/M
  5. Majority from flat, wind-s v/y w/light fruity style/some Carb
  6. 4% White / 7% Rose
  7. 3/4 Prod by Co-ops
A

Cote du Rhone – 56,400ha (R/W) – 49% of overall Rhone production

  1. Can be produced in Northern & Southern Rhone but vast majority produced in Southern Rhone
  2. Requirements: 43hl/ha (since 08) / Min 40% Grenache (south) & 70% of Grenache/Syrah/Mourvedre
  3. Majority of wines come from flat, wind-swept vineyards with light & fruity style (some carbonic maceration)
  4. Only 4% white wine & 7% rosé.
  5. 3⁄4 of production made by cooperatives.
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5
Q

Cote du Rhone villages

  1. step up in Q, possible to promote to full AC after (Vinsobres0
  2. 95 Communes, 19 can add name after ‘villages’
  3. 38hl/ha / Min 50% G (S), 80% GSM
  4. Vinsobres promoted to AC (2006) plus BdV, Cairanne, Les Sablets = top villages
A

Cote du Rhone villages – 11% of total production

  1. Step up in quality with villages able to be promoted to full ACs afterwards (e.g. Vinsobres)
  2. Covers 95 communes with 19 allowed to add their name after ‘villages’
  3. Requirements: 38hl/ha / Min 50% Grenache (south) & 80% of Grenache/Syrah/Mourvedre
  4. Vinsobres promoted to AC in 2006 as well as Beaumes de Venise. Cairanne, Les Sablets top villages.
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6
Q

Rhone Crus

CdP

  1. Name from Papal summer quarter 14C
  2. 1st French AC 1923
  3. Driest C in SRh w/Mistral + 2,800 sun + heat stroed in stones
  4. Variety soils incl Galets - retain heat + redist
  5. 13 varieties allowed by most: Gr, Cin, Mour, Syr, Musc, Coun, Clair, Bour
  6. key to Balance = hi S (+alc) w/ phenolics + tannin 3 styles
    1. Negociant: Carb/Mac, wines ready to drink
    2. Modern: short Mac +time in wood, can age, ie, Ch de Beaucastel, Dom du Vieux Télé
    3. Trad: Late H, hi prop G, 4 yr élevage (2 cem/ 2 o/oak), eg, Bosquet des Papes
  7. 93% red / 7%white grapes from Clair, GBlanc, Bour, Rouss, Picp, Pic
A

Rhone Crus – 15% of total production:

A. Chateauneuf du Pape (R/W) – 3,200ha

  1. Takes its name from the Papal summer quarters created here in the 14th century. John XXII is credited with devt of a papal vineyard in the area.
  2. First French AC created in 1923 following Baron Le Roy’s efforts to protect against fraud.
  3. Driest climate in Southern Rhone w Mistral, 2,800h of sunshine & heat stored in stony soils
  4. Variety soils across the appellation but galets famous for retaining the day’s heat and redistributing it at night
  5. 13 varieties allowed -mainly Grenache, Cinsault, Mourvedre, Syrah, Muscardin, Counoise, Clairette, Bourboulenc
  6. Key is to balance hi sugar (& alcohol) with phenolics & tannins. 3 different styles co-exist:
    1. Négociant style: carbonic maceration -> wines ready to drink earlier
    2. Modern: shorter maceration & time in wood -> approachable early but can age e.g. Chateau de Beaucastel, Domaine du Vieux Télégraphe
    3. Traditional: late harvesting, hi proportions of Grenache, 4yrs élevage (2 cement / 2 old oak) e.g. Bosquet des Papes
  7. 93% reds; 7% of whites made from Clairette, Grenache blanc, Bourboulenc, Roussanne, Picpoul, Picardan.
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7
Q

Rhone Crus

Gigondas

  1. Dry H C + 2,800 sun, Lime/Cl slopes up to 400m
  2. 80% G, min 15% Syr + Mour, max 10% other CDR varieties
  3. Sim Style to CdP, mature around 10 yrs
A

Gigondas (R/W) – 1,300ha

  1. Dry, hot climate w 2,800h of sunshine; mostly on limestone & clay slopes up to 400m high.
  2. Requirements: Max 80% Grenache & min 15% of Syrah & Mourvedre & max 10% of other CDR varieties
  3. Similar style as Chateauneuf du Pape. Mature around 10yrs.
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8
Q

Rhone Crus

Vacqueyras

  1. Promoted in ‘90 / sim soil to Gig / min req 50% G
  2. Concentrated vs G / mature 3-6 yrs
A

Vacqueyras (R/W/R) – 1,000ha

  1. Promoted to cru in 90; similar soil to Gigondas; Requirements: minimum 50% Grenache
  2. Wines are concentrated and a bit more rustic than Gigondas. Mature around 3-6 yrs.
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9
Q

Rhone Crus

Tavel Rosé Only

  1. Limestone soil / F/B, int fruity Rosés from Gr + Cin grapes + 7 more allowed
A

Tavel (Rosé only) – 950ha

  1. Limestone soils; full bodied, intensely fruity rosés mainly from Grenache & Cinsault. 7 other grapes allowed
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10
Q

Rhone Crus

Lirac

  1. West Bank of Rh, similar level CdP
  2. Robust + meaty reds, heady Rosé
A

Lirac (R/W/R)–750ha

  1. West bank of the Rhone at similar level to Chateauneuf du Pape.
  2. Robust & meaty reds; heady rosés.
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11
Q

Southern Rhone

Other ACs

  1. Ventoux
    1. On W + S Slopes of Mont V up to 500m, cooler + diurnal
    2. Mainly reds, fresh, fruity w acidity. Small % of light whites
  2. Luberon
    1. V/y on slopes of Lubéron hills w/slightly cooler climate, light fr reds, fr whites
  3. Costières de Nimes
    1. ​S/facing slopes w/soils of large pebbles
    2. G-based reds represent 75% of prod
    3. Carmargue, prev part of Languedoc
    4. Imp for IGP wine/bulk, but changing
    5. Closer to sea than CdP
    6. More Mour + Sy / Gr
    7. Aiming for 2 new crus St Roman (N) and Franquevaux (S)
A

Ventoux (R/W) – 7,700ha

  1. Vineyards situated on west & south slopes of Mont Ventoux up to 500m high -> cooler w hi diurnal range
  2. The wines, mainly reds, are fresh and fruity with a marked acidity. Small percentage of light floral whites.

B. Lubéron (R/W) – 3,700ha

  1. Vineyards on the slopes of Lubéron hills w slightly cooler climate for light, fruity reds and round & fruity whites.

C. Costieres de Nimes (R/W) – 3,300ha

  1. South-facing slopes with soils made of large pebbles.
  2. Grenache-based reds represent 75% of the production
  3. Carmargue, previously part of Languedoc
  4. Important for IGP wine / bulk producer but changing
  5. Closer to the sea than CdP
  6. More Mourvedre + syrah / grenache
  7. Aiming for 2 new crus: St Roman (N) and Franquevaux (S)
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12
Q

Rhone Production

  1. 70% of wine btld by Co-Ops
  2. Key Producers
    1. Ch de Beau
      1. Family Est, Jean Pierre + Francois Perrin
      2. Orig bl with 30% G, more Mour 30% + Counoise (5-10%) Rest dep on Vintage
      3. Unusual Vini by rapid high heat of mash after pressing to ext T
      4. Rich, firm, conc w/ dark fruits, spice, game, tob w/age
      5. Excep V Cuvée - Hommage a Jacques Perrin
    2. Ch Rayas
      1. Owned by Jacques Reynaud, v/y on sandy soil (no galets)
      2. 100% Gr = rich, Sw, power reds w/summer fruits
    3. Ch Mont Redon CdP
      1. largest + most consistent est, run by Fabre & Abeille families
      2. Replaced old concrete and w barrels with S/S system
    4. Les V B d V
      1. CoOp, most celebrated in SRh
    5. Ch d’Aquéria
      1. Best Prod of Tavel Rosé, also prod reds
A

70% of wines bottled by co-operatives

Key Rhone producers:

  1. Chateau de Beaucastel – 100ha / 330,000btls
    1. Family estate now run by Jean Pierre & Francois Perrin.
    2. Original blend with only 30% Grenache; more Mourvedre (30%) & Counoise (5-10%). Rest depends on vintage
    3. Unusual vinification by rapid high heating of the mash straight after pressing to better extract tannins
    4. Rich, firm, concentrated w dark fruits, spice, game & tobacco notes with age.
    5. Exceptional vintage cuvée: ‘Hommage a Jacques Perrin’
  2. Chateau Rayas – Chateauneuf du Pape – 25ha
    1. Owned by eccentric Jacques Reynaud; Vineyards on sandy soils (≠ galets)
    2. 100% Grenache for rich, sweet, powerful reds w summer fruits flavours.
  3. Chateau Mont Redon – Chateauneuf du Pape – 145ha / 640,000btls
    1. One of the largest and most consistent estate of the appellation; run by Fabre & Abeille families
    2. Recently replaced old concrete & wooden barrels with modern stainless steel system
  4. Les Vignerons Beaumes de Venise – 1,200ha / 6m btls: -
    1. Most celebrated cooperative of Southern Rhone
  5. Chateau d’Aquéria – Tavel – 65ha / 400,000btls
    1. Known as best producer of Tavel rosé; also produces reds.
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France _ Rhone (13 decks)

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