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Religion > South Asian Religions > Flashcards

South Asian Religions Flashcards

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1
Q

Indus Valley

A

Ancient agriculture civilization. Aryas brought vedas in which are the oldest Hindu scriptures

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2
Q

Proto-Shiva

A

Part of an ancient seal in the Indus civilization. Is three faced lord of the beasts

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3
Q

Dravidian

A

Southern Indian language and region displaced by the Aryans. Language does not connect to Indo-European roots

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4
Q

Aryans/Indo Europeans

A

Brought in Indo European language. Invaded India and introduced Vedic culture

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5
Q

Four Vedas

A

Rigveda-hymns of praise
Sāmaveda- songs
Yajurveda- how to physically set up cermonies and take offerings
Artharveda- highest Veda, contains mantras and hymns, partly translated form Rigveda

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6
Q

Rg Veda 10.90/ Purusha Sukta

A

Scripture describing Sacrifice Purusha (ancient man) and divide into four parts.

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7
Q

Arman-Brahman

A

Arman is the individual soul, while the Brahman is the more universal soul. “Atman is Brahman” is a common phrase meaning all beings are divine in a way

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8
Q

Agni

A

Divine fire (actually appears as just fire) takes gifts up to the gods

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9
Q

Dharma

A

Moral duty/ cosmic order

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10
Q

Bhakti

A

Represents love and devotion to a god of worship

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11
Q

Margas

A

Margas are pathways
Karma marga- path of duties
Jnana marga- path of knowledge
Bhakti marga- path of devotion

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12
Q

4 stages of life

A

Brahmacharya-student stage
Grihastha-householder stage
Vanaprastha- hermit stage
Samnyasa- wondering, meditation stage

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13
Q

Advaita Vendānta

A

Philosophy. We are all separate individuals but are part of a whole. Non dualist take

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14
Q

Maya

A

Sankara teaching. Maya is a delusion. Tricks people into thinking there individuals and that the universe is made up of different things

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15
Q

Shankara

A

Author and deified philosopher of the maya and advaita teachings

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16
Q

Shiva

A

God of destruction, paired with pavarti, father of Ganesha

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17
Q

Lingam

A

Phallic statue of Shiva

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18
Q

Krishna Gopala, gopis

A

8th avatar of Vishnu. Mischievous as a child. Raised in farm family. Used flute to teach gopis (females of cow herds). Was very popular and leader of the cowherds

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19
Q

Bhagavad Gita

A

Hindu Scripture. Prince Arjuna had to be a warrior to fulfill his duty to the gods. His craft was his offering. A new take on how to achieve moksha

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20
Q

Rama

A

7th avatar of Vishnu. Exiled from kingdom wife joins him. She gets captured and Rama slays Ravana to get her back. Completes exile and returns to being king

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21
Q

Kali

A

Destroyer of evil, subset of sivaism. She bestows moksha

22
Q

Parvati

A

Goddess of fertility love and devotion

23
Q

Lakshmi

A

Goddess of wealth, fortune, and prosperity

24
Q

Shakti

A

Goddess of cosmic energy and forces in the universe. Female energy and empowerment

25
Q

Devi

A

Female form of god, goddess

26
Q

Ram Mohan Roy

A

Argued for religious freedom, denounced caste system and tried to stop sati (widows being burned with there dead husbands). Britains outlawed sati practice

27
Q

Brahmo Samaj

A

Movement. Denounced several aspects of Hinduism (polytheism, samsara, vedas, avatars) vouched for women education, adopts more Christian practices

28
Q

Ramakrishna

A

Saint. Argued for the universality of religion spread modern Hinduism, influenced Vivekananda (student) to introduce Hinduism to the parliament

29
Q

Vivekananda

A

Introduced yoga and Vedanta to western world. Started world parliament of religions

30
Q

Rabindranath Tagore

A

Author and poet. Ruled British government. Won Nobel literature prize.

31
Q

Mahatma Gandhi

A

Didn’t favor partition, proponent of the peaceful protest

32
Q

RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh)

A

National volunteer Organization. Was against British rule, Hindu nationalists. Continues to this day

33
Q

Gautama Siddhartha, Shakyumuni

A

Buddha, initiated Buddhism

34
Q

Cakalravartin

A

Term. Describes an ideal, altruistic universal leader

35
Q

Middle way

A

Moderate between indulgence and asceticism

36
Q

3 marks of existence

A
  • impermanent
  • no self (anatman)
  • suffering/unsatisfaction
37
Q

3 refuges

A
  • Buddha; no one is fully enlightened
  • dharma; basing life off 4 noble truths and 8 fold path
  • sangha; look for support and guidance from all who follow the eight fold path
38
Q

4 noble truths

A
  • suffering exists
  • it has a cause
  • it has an end
  • it has a cause to bring to the end
39
Q

Ashoka Maurya

A

Ancient emperor, spread Buddhism throughout India. Dharma consisted of little sin and many good deeds

40
Q

Stupas

A

Housing remains if saint figures (buddha’s toenail and such). Treated with high respect (veneration). Started with Ashoka

41
Q

Theravada

A

Teaching of the elders. Abstain from evil and accumulate good to purify mind

42
Q

Mahayana

A 
From tantra (yoga school) 
salvation is only obtained though trust in Amitabha.  Great Vehicle, and through help of bodhisattvas
43
Q

Vajrayana

A

Himalayan take on Buddhism “thunder vehicle”. Also emphasizes the bodhisattva role

44
Q

Bidhisattvas

A

Delay own inner peace to help and teach others how to get there

45
Q

Upaya

A

Mahayana Buddhist teaching. Means skillful means, helps others with enlightenment

46
Q

Lotus Sutra

A

Mahayana sutra
Lotus is not different from the mud. Addressed how enlightened had hard time explaining enlightenment to non-enlightened people

47
Q

Amitābha

A

Buddha of life and light

48
Q

Avalokiteśvara

A

compassion Buddha incarnation

49
Q

Śūnyatā

A

From Theravada Buddhism, talks about not self, and how all things are empty of nature. Acknowledges nonexistence

50
Q

Decline in Buddhism in India

A

Brahmins gained power, muslims invaders occurred, tantra (that Hinduism and Buddhism condeveloped was a thing).

Religion (4 decks)

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