Islam Flashcards
Eucharist
Bread and wine ceremony
Council of Trent
Church that countered Protestant reformation. Was the head of the Catholic Church before the first Vatican council
Ignatius of Loyola
Founder of the Jesuits missionaries. An important force during the counter reformation. Wrote spiritual exercises, and is a saint
Great awakening
Evangelical Protestant movement by the American colonies. Idea of salvation was spread at this time
Pietism
Lutheran movement that stressed piety and religious devotion to god
Methodism
Follows assurance of salvation, imparted righteousness, perfect love, and works of piety. Rejects Calvinism and says all can be saved. Charitable
Enlightenment
Started French Revolution. Ended Middle Ages, scientific revolution
John Locke
Father of liberalism, helped inspire Declaration of Independence. Mind is a blank slate at birth. Egalitarian mindset starts
First Vatican council
Made in response to rising liberalism. First time setting up shop in Vatican. Define Catholicisms position on the church of Christ. And powers of bishops
Vatican 2
Relationship between church and the modern world. Created by John XXII, (the Holy See). Changes have been divisive
Mecca
Birth place of Mohammad and site of the first relavation of the Quran
Quraysh
Tribe Mohammad was born into
Kaaba
Most sacred mosque in Islam. House of god. Takes haji to it
Khadija
First wife and follower of Mohammad. Mother of all the believers
Medina
Hijra from Mecca until it was conquered 622-629
Four caliphs
Rightly formed caliphs are abu baker, umar, uthman, and ‘ali.
Abu Bakr
First Muslim outside Mohammad’s family. Was his father in law. First caliph after Mohammad died. Ruled Rashidun Caliphate
Umar
Second caliph. Expanded empire and conquered Persia. Stopped Jew and Christian bans.
Uthman
Expanded empire into Iran, third caliph
Ali
Final Caliph. Ruled during first Muslim civil war. Followed tough Islamic law
Fiqh
Deep understanding of law Sharia from interpretation of Quran
Sharia
The Devine law, (uninterpreted unlike fiqh) from the Quran and Hadith
Damascus
City of Damascus capitol of Umayyad empire
Abbasaids
Caliphate from Mohammad’s youngest uncle. Founded city of Baghdad. Conquered Persia, but relied on the beaucrats.
Mu’tazila
Denied status of the Quran, tried to solve the problem of evil
Al-Ghazali
Most influential Muslim after Mohammad. Renewed faith, based teachings off of Hellenistic philosophy. Combine orthodox theory and Sufism
Sufism
Mysitism islam. Strides towards perfection in prayer. Practice includes repeating the name of gods. Stems from sunnis
Rabi’ah
Founder of Sufism in regards to women’s status. Love of god for a holy life. Girl
Al-hallaj
Said I am truth. Refused to recant and was tortured. Impressed sufis
Rumi
Poet, scholar, and Sufi mystic. Culture spread via his poems
Ottomans
Became Islamic after Constantine’s conquest. Sultan claimed caliph. Followed Sunni Islam
Mughals
Indian Islamic empire
Whhabism
Strict form of Islam that does a literal interpretation of the Quran. Ultraconservative
Islamic modernism
Created by Abduh. Attempt for Islam to reconsider and change to western values, like equality
Muslim brotherhood
Sunni Islamist organization that wishes to instate the quran. Considered to be a terrorist organization
Iranian revolution
Overthrow of western regime with anti western theocracy
