Japan/China/Pilgrimage

Question 1

Our Lady of Guadalupe

Answer 1

Figure of the Virgin Mary. Important to Mexican Catholicism. Holds some Aztec roots.

Question 2

Juan Diego

Answer 2

Saw the apparitions (4) of the Virgin Mary. Had to convince arch bishop of her presence. Became a saint later in life

Question 3

Los Remedios

Answer 3

Title for the Virgin Mary

Developed by Trinitarian order. Brought by the Spanish Conquistadors. Sometimes refers to shrine

Question 4

Turkaram

Answer 4

1600s poet and saint, Hindu. Discouraged having pride in ones caste and talked about everyone being able to serve god. Was part of the Bhakti movement

Question 5

Jñaneśvar (Jñandev)

Answer 5

part of the Bhakti movement. Discouraged Sanskrit vedas wanted translation into Marathí. Wanted love for a personal god

Question 6

Dnyaneshwar

Answer 6

Saint, wrote dnyaneshawri which was the first book to describe translation of Bhagwat Geeta from Sanskrit. Part of Mahanubhava sec that disregarded castes

Question 7

Vithoba/Pandurang

Answer 7

Part of the Varkari pilgrimage movement. Is sort of a reincarnation of Vishnu, but also sort of runs a monotheistic version of Hinduism

Question 8

Pandharpur

Answer 8

Temple of Vithoba, in Maharashtra. Chandrabhaga is the holy water can wash all sins. Pilgrimages happen frequently there

Question 9

Little Mother (Mauli)

Answer 9

Describes a child’s love for its mother (not father) as a way to describe devotion towards gods

Question 10

Nara period

Answer 10

Buddhism and Sinicization started here. Bhudda= sun goddess, mixed with Shintoism. Heavenly emperor was coined here. First permanent capitol happened at end. Used China’s alphabet

Question 11

Heian

Answer 11

Chinese influence at height (Buddhism, Daoism) poetry and literature were at height. Conquered north. Start of Zen Buddhism. Rise of samurai started happening. Had own alphabet

Question 12

Kamakura period

Answer 12

Kamakura happened when the first shogunate (Kamakura) came into play. Overtook power from emperor, is now just a figurehead.

Question 13

Tokugawa period

Answer 13

Started capital in Edo. Isolated Japan. Japan’s economy increased since it wasn’t at war with itself

Question 14

Meiji restoration

Answer 14

Emperor regained power, overtook edo, shogun not in control anymore. Japan shifts to a western government, country no longer isolated. Larger military

Question 15

Kojiki

Answer 15

Origin story of Japan, contains many myths. From the first emperor to the first islands. (Nara period)

Question 16

Nihon Shoki

Answer 16

2nd oldest book in Japanese history (kojiki being the oldest). More elaborate, record of Japan. Has some myths but goes all the way up to the 8th century

Question 17

Shinto

Answer 17

(Started in Nara period) worships ancestors, nature spirits, and in/animate objects. Used to be state religion until 1945

Question 18

Saichō

Answer 18

Japanese Buddhist monk. Founded Tendai (Japanese form of Mahayana Buddhism) from China, also maybe brought over tea (Heian period)

Question 19

Kūkai

Answer 19

Founded Shigon Buddhism (based more off of Vajrayana teachings) (Heian period)

Question 20

Nichiren

Answer 20

New Buddhism, new era. Branch of Mahayana Buddhism also known as Kamakura Buddhism for the era it was in. Focus on Lotus Sutra and peoples inherent Buddha.

Question 21

Shinran

Answer 21

Buddhist monk that founded True pure land Buddhism. There are three Sutras, infinite life, Amitabha (compassion Buddha), and contemplation. Sort of go to heaven in liberation.

Question 22

Dögen

Answer 22

Buddhist monk founder of Sōtō Zen Buddhism. (Kamakura era). Have to work to become awakened

Question 23

Bushido

Answer 23

Samurai way of life, influenced by Shinto and Zen Buddhism. (Tokugawa period)

Question 24

National Scholar Movement (Kokugaku)

Answer 24

During Tokugawa period, wanted to teach away from Chinese teachings, looked back at Japanese classics (Tokugawa period)

Question 25

Motoori Norinaga

Answer 25

Scholar of kokugaku. Against Confucianism. Told Japan its roots were free spirited (Tokugawa era)

Question 26

Miki Nakayama

Answer 26

Founded Tenrikyo (Tokugawa era). Features god of the parent, promotes joyous life which encourages acts of good will.

Question 27

Shinto Nationalism

Answer 27

During the Meiji restoration, Shinto was used as a sort of nationalistic force. Reinforced emperors divinity

Question 28

Shrine Shinto

Answer 28

Happened after Nationalistic State Shinto was laid to rest after WWII. Based on public works in the community

Question 29

Soka Gakkai

Answer 29

Center for Buddists to spread peace

Question 30

Qin period

Answer 30

First dynasty, conquered several states. Ended with emperors death. Confucianism came into play. Main rituals were Shen and yin (spirits and shadows) (only lasted ~15 years)

Question 31

Han Dynasty

Answer 31

Golden age in china. Came to an end with the daoist yellow turban rebellion, massacre of military officials, and takeover by Xian. Buddhism first started entering here (lasted ~400 years)

Question 32

Tang Dynasty

Answer 32

Another golden age, (lasted ~300 years). Influenced Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Lots of Chinese poetry. Buddhism was prominent, with monasteries providing schools and lodging. Was banned though and lost status. Daoism was main religion then.

Question 33

Confucius

Answer 33

Founder of Confucianism. Stressed loyalty to ones own country and family. Golden rule. Suppressed during Qin dynasty for legalism, gained more prevalence. Confucius is revered in Daoism too

Question 34

Li

Answer 34

Religious sacrifice/ ritual. In neo Confucianism explains the order in living things/ is the basic pattern in the universe

Question 35

Ren

Answer 35

Confucian idea. Good feeling that occurs during altruism. Ties in with Li being that action

Question 36

Filial piety

Answer 36

Respect for One’s own parents, ancestors, and elders. Uphold fraternity and perform parental rituals in death

Question 37

Philosophical Daoism

Answer 37

Less rituals than Confucianism. Follow the flow, Tao, “way” of life. Popularized in Han dynasty. Woman shamans. Strive for compassion, frugality, and humility

Question 38

Laozi

Answer 38

Founder of Daoism. Was considered divine. Incarnation of three purities. Daoism is anti authoritarian

Question 39

Zhuangzi

Answer 39

Implemented shamanism and women shamens. Ideas linked in Han dynasty. Wu wei natural spontaneity

Question 40

Mencius

Answer 40

Famous Confucian founded neo Confucianism. Featured longer prose rather than short sayings. Argued for people rights by the government

Question 41

Civil Service Exams

Answer 41

Confucian founded, started in Han dynasty and subsisted through the 1900s in the Qing dynasty

Question 42

Yellow Turban Rebellian

Answer 42

Fall of Han dynasty. Daoists were behind rebellion. Lead by Zhang Jiao. Had backing from hungry peasants when the government didn’t prepare for times of famine.

Question 43

Buddhist Persecution 842-45 CE

Answer 43

Happened in Tang Dynasty, wanted to cleanse China of non-Chinese tradition. Buddhism Stopped loyalty of Son to Father. Also couldn’t give Buddhist monasteries tax breaks anymore

Question 44

Neo Confucianism

Answer 44

Response to Buddhism and Daoism. Universe can be understood by reason; philosophical. Mencius argued humans were good but needed guidance. Needed to purify Li.

Question 45

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 45

Started by Hong Xiuquan, who thought he was a son of god. Needed to reform church. Hungry Peasants came aboard. Weakened Qing Dynasty and paved way for Communism.

Question 46

Mao Zedong

Answer 46

Founder of communism in China. Industrialized China, killing millions. Maoism, permanent revolution and importance of peasantry