South America - Chile and Argentina Flashcards
1
Q
This country is the 5th largest wine producer in the world and is only second to the United States in the New World
A
Argentina
2
Q
What is the climate of Argentina
A
Temperate Warm
3
Q
Main white grape of Argentina
A
Torrontès
4
Q
Main Red Grape of Argentina
A
Malbec
Cabernet Sauvignon
5
Q
What is the top region of Argentina
A
Mendoza
6
Q
What food does do most Argentines eat and how most wines are made to pair with?
A
Beef
7
Q
When did wine come to Argentina?
A
In the 1500’s during the Spanish Conquest
8
Q
Who planted the first wine grapes in Argentina and what were they?
A
Spanish Monks
Criolla - also known as Pais in Chile and Mission is California
9
Q
What European group had a large influence in Argentine Wine making?
A
Italians and due to the mass emigration of Europeans to Argentina similar to what happened to the United States
10
Q
What wine law system does the Argentine follow?
A
Laws are similar to the United States:
- Loose Based
- Unrestrictive and Relax
- Can grow anything you want and anywhere
11
Q
How are Argentina Wines labeled?
A
By grape variety, and if so at least 80% of grape used to make the wine must be listed on the label
12
Q
How does the law work in regards to the labeling of wine regions in Argentina
A
At least 85% of the grapes must have been grown in the listed region
13
Q
What do they typically age torrontès in?
A
Stainless steel tanks - to maximize the fresh stone fruit and citrus characteristics
14
Q
Where does most winemaking take place in Argentina
A
In the shadows and countryside of the Andes Mountains
15
Q
What is the biggest problem facing Argentine winemakers
A
Irrigation due to the rain shadow effect from the Andes Mountains leaving the country mostly dry
16
Q
How do most of the vines in Argentina get water?
A
The melted snow from the Andes
17
Q
What is ideal location for growing wine grapes in Argentina?
A
Elevated places - top Vineyards are located in the foothills of Argentina
18
Q
What is he usually elevation range of Argentine Vineyards?
A
2500 - 4000 feet in elevation and some even reach as high as 7000 feet in elevation
19
Q
How does high elevations effect the grapes in Argentina?
A
The high elevations drops the temperature at night causing the grapes not to over ripen
20
Q
What is the most important wine region in Argentina?
A
Mendoza located in southern Argentina
21
Q
Mendoza makes up what percentage of Argentina wine production?
A
70%
22
Q
The best Torrontès are made in what region of Argentina?
A
Northern region of Salta
23
Q
What are the main grapes of the Salta Region?
A
White : Torrontès
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon
24
Q
What ancient group created the irrigation system still used today for Vineyards
A
The Huarpe Indians then later developed by the Spanish
25
Torrontés Riojano and Torrontés Sanjuanijo are crossings of what two grapes
Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria
26
From North to South:
Atacama
Coquimbo
Aconcagua
Valle Central ( Central Valley)
Sur (the southern region)
Austral Region
These are the 6 regional Denominations of Origins (DOs) of what country
Chile
27
What is the main climate of Chile
Maritime
28
What is the name of the current that cools the Vines of Chile
Humboldt Current
- forces cool sea air inland through the river valleys to affect the Central Valley Vineyards during your day
29
The best vineyards in Chile are located where
Valle Central (Central Valley)
30
What is the law of 75%
The vintage, varietal and denomination of origin must, if listed on the bottle comprise a minimum 75% of the blend
31
When was Chilean wine law established
1995
32
Can you use hybrid grapes in wines in Child
No, they are forbidden
33
What is the minimum alcohol content for Chilean wines
11%
34
Wines labeled Reserva and Reserva Especial must have a minimum alcohol content of
12%
35
Wines labeled Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva must have a minimum alcohol content of
12.5
36
What level wines in Chile have a mandatory requirement of time in Oak
Reserva Especial
Gran Reserva
37
What is the leading grape of Chile
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
País 🔴
38
What are some secondary Red grapes of Chile
Merlot 🔴
Carmenère 🔴
Syrah 🔴
Pinot Noir 🔴
Cabernet Franc 🔴
39
What are some white grapes of Chile
Sauvignon Blanc ⚪
Sauvignon Vert⚪
Sémillon ⚪
Muscat of Alexandria ⚪
Chardonnay ⚪
40
What type of grapes account for approximately 73% of the total acreage in Chile
Red grapes 🔴
41
What is the northern most winegrowing region in Chile
Atacama
42
What region in Chile is the second most northern region? Has two valleys Elqui and Limarí
Coquimbo
43
Where is Syrah very prominent in Chile
Coquimbo - Elqui Valley
44
The Aconcagua DO is named after
The Aconcagua River
45
What are the main soil of Aconcagua Valley
Alluvial
46
What are the main grapes of Aconcagua Valley
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
Merlot 🔴
47
Who is Errázuriz and where are they located
One of Chile's most prominent estates and winemaking families
- located in the commune of Panquehue, in the Aconcagua DO
48
What is Seña
Errázuriz iconic Bordeaux style blend
- placed ahead of both Château Lafita and Château Margaux in the 2004 Berlin Tasting
49
What is the oldest and most established winemaking region in Chile
Central Valley ( Valle Central)
50
From North to South:
Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley
Curicó
Maule Valley
These are the DO subregions for what region in Chile
Central Valley
51
What is Chiles most famous winemaking area
Maipo Valley
52
What grape is famous in Maipo Valley and why
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
- Cabernet thrives on the well drained low slopes of the Andes
53
What subregion does the capital city of Chile, Santiago lie in
Maipo Valley
54
Who is the largest producer in Chile
Concha y Toro
55
What are some top houses that are located in Maipo Valley
Santa Rita
Concha y Toro
Cousiño Macul
56
What subregion in Maipo Valley dare most of the established houses located
Puente Alto
57
What are some of the iconic wines from Puente Alto
Concha y Toro - Don Melchor
Errázuriz - Viñedo Chadwick
Concha y Toro and Baron Philippe de Rothschild - Almaviva
58
Cachapoal and Colchagua these are the two areas for what region in Chile
Rapel Valley
59
Which of the two areas of Rapel Valley is located closed to the Pacific Ocean
Colchagua
60
Which of the two areas of Rapel Valley is located more inland
Cachapoal
61
What is the main grape of Rapel Valley
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
62
What are some features about Colchagua
- it is the largest of two areas that make up Rapel Valley
- it's lies in the central portion of the Valley
- warm climate and fertile soils
- historically a bulk wine region
63
Where in Colchagua does premium wine have success
Apalta - Eastern Colchagua
64
Casas Lapostolle - Casa Apalta
Viña Montes - Alpha M
These two iconic Chilean Bordeaux style blends are made from where in Chile
Apalta - Eastern Colchagua (Rapel Valley)
65
What region in Central Valley has more vineyard acreage than Maipo Valley
Maule Valley
66
What is the main grape of Maule Valley
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
67
What type of wines do they make in Maule Valley
Bulk wines - meant for local consumption
68
What region of Chile has two subregions named Lontué and Teno
Curicó Valley
69
What Valley was made famous and gained international recognition when Miguel Torres set up operations there in the late 1970's
Curicó Valley
70
What is the main red grapes of Curicó Valley
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
71
What are some white varietals that grow in Curicó Valley
Sauvignon Blanc ⚪
Chardonnay ⚪
72
Costa
Entre Cordilleras
Andes
What do these terms mean in accordance to Chilean wine
In 2012 the Chiliean Mnistry of Agriculture amended wine law to support these three georgraphic features
- on labels producers may now append pre existing DOs with one of these three new designations, which signify the proximity of a vineyard to the Coast or to the mountains
-
73
What does Costa mean
By the Coast
74
What does Entre Cordilleras means
Between the mountains
- describes the Valley areas between the coastal range
75
What does the term Andes mean
This is a region in which over 3/4 of Chilean wine grapes are grown
76
How does one qualify to use one of the 3 new geographic locations
At least 85% of the grapes must be harvested in the appropriate region
77
What side of Argentina are most of their vineyards located
On the western side of the country, in the plains and foothills near the Andes
78
What is the climate of Argentina
Continental
79
Does Argentina get effected by rain shadow
Yes, from the Andes Mountains
80
What is the Zonda Winds
A fierce, dusty, hot afternoon wind that blows down from the mountains in Argentina in the late spring and early summer, sometimes adversely affecting flowering
81
What helps keep the vineyards of Argentina fungal free
The general lack of humidity
82
Where does most of the irrigation for the vineyards in Argentina come from
Snow melting from the mountains, especially years where the Andes receive heavy winter snowfall
83
What form does the little moisture and precipitation come from in Argentina for the vineyards
Dangerous spring and summer hail
84
Which very hot summers, what helps protect the vineyards
The fact that they have some of the highest elevations in the world
- some reaching 3,000 meters above sea level, in Salta, at Donald Hess Colomé Estate
85
What is the national average elevation for vineyards in Argentina
900 meters above sea level
86
What are the main red grapes of Argentina
In descending order
Malbec 🔴 - flagship varietal
Bonarda 🔴
Cabernet Sauvignon 🔴
Syrah 🔴
Merlot 🔴
Tempranillo 🔴
87
What are the main white grapes of Argentina
Pedro Giménez ⚪ - unrelated to the grape of the same name ( Pedro Ximénez) from Spain
Torrontés ⚪
Chardonnay ⚪
Chenin Blanc ⚪
88
What is the most planted white grape of Argentina
Pedro Giménez
89
What are some of the pink skinned grapes from Argentina
Cereza
Criolla Chica
Criolla Grande
90
When working with the premium in both red and white wine grapes of Argentina what labeling options do you have
Reserva
Gran Reserva
91
What are the requirements for a wine to be labeled white wine Reserva in Argentina
6 months of aging
92
What is the requirements for Red Wine Reserva in Argentina
1 year aging
93
What is the requirements for Argentina white wine Grand Reserva
1 year of aging
94
What is the requirements for Argentina Red wine Grand Reserva
2 years of aging
95
The labeling terms Reserva and Grand Reserva were introduced to Argentina in what year
2008
96
What are Cuyo and Patagonia
These are the major winemaking areas of Argentina
- both located in northwestern Argentina
- Cuyo - is centralized
- Patagonia is more southern
97
Approximately 3/4 of Argentinas entire wine production occurs in what province
Cuyo - (Mendoza)
98
Mendoza
La Rioja
San Juan
These are wine producing provinces for what area in Argentina
Cuyo
99
What is the northern most province in Cuyo
La Rioja
100
What is the main grape of La Rioja in Argentina
Torrontés ⚪
101
Where is Famatina Valley the most famous wine region at in Argentina
La Rioja
102
What is Argentina's second largest wine producing province
San Juan (Cuyo)
103
Tulum
Zonda
Ullum
Jáchal
Fetil Valleys
They are areas in what province in Argentina
San Juan
104
What are the main grapes of San Juan
Argentinas pink skinned varieties
Criolla Chica
Cereza
Criolla Grande
105
Mendoza is divided up into how many areas
5
Northern
Central (Upper)
Southern
Eastern
Uco Valley
106
What is the main soil type of Mendoza
Comprised of loose, alluvial sand over clay
107
Are most of all the Vines in Mendoza on their own rootstock
Yes they are
108
What is the climate of Mendoza
Desert like, irrigation is absolutely necessary
109
What is furrow irrigation and where is it used
Used in Mendoza due to its desert like climate
- furrow irrigation was developed by the Incas in which the rivers water, swelled by Andes snowmelt, directed through the vineyards in channels
110
What are the two types of irrigation techniques used in Mendoza
Drip irrigation - modern technique
Furrow irrigation - traditional technique
111
What is the most planted red grape of Mendoza
Malbec
112
Luján de Cuyo and Maipú
San Rafael
What are unique about these two departments of Mendoza
They are the only two DOC's of Argentina authorized only for Malbec Wines
113
Catena
Susana Bambo's - Dominio del Plata
Bressia
Achával Ferrer
These are some of the top estates for what area in Argentina
Mendoza
114
Is oak used in Mendoza
Wines in Mendoza usually undergo some degree of French and American oak treatment
115
What is the main grape in the southern Mendoza department of San Rafael
Chenin Blanc ⚪
116
What is the main river of Mendoza
The Mendoza river
117
When was Malbec introduced to Argentina
1868
118
Where in Mendoza has the longest tradition of fine wine
Central Mendoza
119
The Tunuyán River is located in what part of Mendoza
East Mendoza
120
Diamante River
Atuel River
These are the two main rivers for what department in Mendoza
San Rafael
121
What area in Mendoza has the coolest climate
San Rafael
122
Where are the highest vineyards located Mendoza are located where
Tupungato - Uco Valley ( Valle de Uco)
123
The southern most region in Cuyo Providence
Mendoza
124
Name the regions from Mendoza from North to South
La Rioja
San Juan
Mendoza
