France - Champagne Flashcards
1
Q
Can you call a sparkling wine Champagne if it’s not from Champagne, France?
A
No, of the wine isn’t made from Champagne, France it legally can’t be called champagne. It can be called mèthode traditionalle or mèthode classique
2
Q
Yeast goes dormant at what temp?
A
50 degrees Fahrenheit
3
Q
What is the method of champagne used to make sparkling wine from Champagne, France?
A
Mèthode Champenoise
4
Q
What are the two separate fermentations involved in Mèthode Champenoise?
A
- Creating a still wine (Vin Clair)
2. In a bottle create and trap carbonation
5
Q
What is the soil type of Champagne?
A
Chalk
6
Q
Where is Champagne located?
A
NorthEastern France - 90 miles from Paris
7
Q
What is assemblage?
A
Process of blending done by the cellar master to make a house blend
8
Q
What are the two main rivers of Champagne?
A
Velse River - Montage de Reims
Marne River - Valle de la Marne
9
Q
What is the weather type of Champagne, France?
A
Cold, wet, and damp
10
Q
What are the two main cities in the region of Champagne?
A
Reims
Èpernay
11
Q
What region is closest to the city of Reims?
A
Montage de Reims
12
Q
What region is closest to the city of Epernay?
A
Valle de la Marne
13
Q
If a champagne is 100% Chardonnay which region was it probably produced in?
A
Côte de Blancs
14
Q
If a champagne is 100% Pinot Noir which region was it probably produced in?
A
Montage de Reims
15
Q
What are the two forms of pressing champagne grapes?
A
Cuveè - first pressing
Taille - second pressing, add with cuveè to make vintage or nonvintage champagne
16
Q
What are the 5 regions of Champagne?
A
North to south
- Montage de Reims
- Valle de la Marne
- Côte de Blancs
- Côte de Sèzanne
- The Aube
17
Q
What are the Grand Cru villages of Montage de Reims?
A
Sillery
Puisieulx
Mailly - Champagne
Verzenay
Beaumont - sur - velse
Verzy - added in 1985
Louvois
Bouzy
Ambonney
18
Q
What are the Grand cru villages of Valle de la Marne?
A
Aÿ - Champagne
Tours -sur - Marne - red grapes only
19
Q
What are the Grand Cru villages of Côtes de Blancs?
A
North to South
Chouilly - white only, added in 1985
Oiry - added in 1985
Cramant
Avise
Oger - added in 1985
Le- Mensil-sur-Oger - added in 1985
20
Q
What is Remuage?
A
This is the process where the bottle is lightly shaken (either by hand or machine) in a way to gather the spent lees in the bottle towards the neck of the bottle
21
Q
When no sugar is added and the wine is bone dry it is called?
A
Brut Nature
22
Q
A minimal amount of sugar is added that is barely perceivable, wines are dry. This is the most popular style of Champagne produced?
A
Brut
23
Q
Some sugar is added, making the wine off dry. The second most popular style of Champagne?
A
Extra Dry or Extra Sec
24
Q
A heavy concentration of sugar added. This type of champagne is extremely sweet and is considered a dessert wine?
A
Doux Champagne
25
What are champage vineyards called?
Houses
26
What grape is a clone of Pinot Noir?
Pinot Meinsiur
27
What characteristic does Chardonnay have in sparkling wines?
Finesse
28
What characteristic does Pinot Meunièr have in Sparkling wine?
fruit character
29
What role Characteristic does Pinot Noir have in sparkling wines?
Weight and Structure
30
Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Montage de Reims?
Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier
31
Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Valle de la Marne?
Pinot Meunier
32
Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Cote de Blancs?
Chardonnay
33
Primary grape used in the Côte de Sezanne to make Champagne?
Chardonnay
34
Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Aube?
Pinot Noir
35
The dead deposit of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of "fining", to the bottom of a vat of wine after Fermentation and aging is called?
Lees
36
What is the most common champagne style?
Non Vintage
37
Expelling the sediments from the title after Remuage is called?
Disgorgement
38
What grape accounts for the largest acreage in Champagne?
Pinot Noir
39
What is the most southerly region in Champagne?
The Aube
40
Which of the following methods involves a single fermentation that begins in tank but concludes in the bottle?
Mèthode Ancestrale
41
If a champagne is Blanc de Noir it is 100% what?
Black grapes that are approved for the Region of Champagne
42
If a champane is Blanc de Blanc it is 100% what?
Chardonnay
43
Louis Roederer produces the prestige cuveè "Dom Perignon"?
False - the Tete de Cuveè for Louis Rederdor is Cristal
44
The number of grams of sugar added after disgorgement is called?
Liqueur D'expedition also known as Dosage
45
What is another name for Dosage?
Liqueur D'Expedition
46
What is Liquer de Tirage?
Before the second fermentation the addition of wine, sugar and yeast
47
What are the steps of Method Champenoise?
Harvest
Pressing Grapes
Fermentation
Assemblage - Making Still Wine
Liqueur de Tirage
Second Fermentation
Aging
Riddling
Degorgement
Liqueur D' Expedition (Dosage)
Recorking
48
How many bottles are on a Pupitre?
60 bottles
49
How many bottles does a Gyropallete hold?
504 bottles
50
What is the minimum aging for nonvintage wine?
15 months
51
What is the minimum aging for Vintage wine?
36 months
52
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-12 grams per liter?
Brut
53
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-3 grams per liter / no added Dosage?
Brut Nature / Non Dose
54
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 12-17 grams per liter?
Extra Dry
55
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 17-32 grams per liter?
Sec
56
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 32-50 grams per liter?
Demi - Sec
57
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 50 + grams per liter?
Doux
58
What is the largest champagne bottle size on the market
Solomon 18 L / 24 bottles
59
What are some common Champagne aromas?
Apple
Toast
Citrus
Yeast (Bread Dough)
Hazelnuts / Walnuts
60
What is the oldest sparkling Champagne House?
Ruinart - established in 1729 as a sparkling wine house
61
Who developed the formula for secondary Fermentation?
A pharmacist named Andre Francois along with Jean - Antoine Chaptal (chaptalization researcher)
62
Who created the first brut champagne?
Pommery in 1874
63
What is special about Champagne labeling?
They are the only appellation that is not required to state AOP/AOC on the label
64
How and why was the CIVIC created?
It was formed during Nazi occupation in 1941 by Count Robert Jean de Vogue of Moët to protect the interest of the Champenois from the Nazis
65
What was the first vintage of Dom Perignon?
1921
66
What is belemnite chalk?
Derived from cephalopods
67
What is micraster chalk?
Derived from sea urchins - common in the Valley
68
What is the most dominant soil type in the Aube?
Clay
69
What pruning methods are allowed in Champagne?
Cordon de Royat
Chablis
Valle de la Marne
Guyot (single and double)
70
What grapes other than the major 3 are permitted in Champagne?
Pinot Blanc Vrai
Abrane
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
71
What is the pressing limit enforced by the CIVIC since 1993?
102 L per 160kg of grapes
2,550L per 4,000kg of grapes (size of coequard press) also called a Marc
72
What does blocage and deblocage mean?
Blocage - the reserve of wine stocks for use in future vintages
Deblocage - the release
73
What is a matriculation number?
A number assigned to each producer by the CIVIC
74
What does NM mean on a Champagne label?
Negoicant Manipulant
- a house that purchases grapes or base wine. They may also own their own vineyards
75
What does RM mean in a bottle of champagne?
Recoltant Manipulant
- A grower producer who makes wine from estate fruit 96% must come from their own vineyards
76
What does CM mean?
Cooperative Manipulant
| - A grower cooperative that produces a wine under one brand
77
What does RC mean?
Recoltant Cooperateur
A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative but is labeled as their own brand
78
What does SR mean?
Societe de Recoltants
- a firm, not a co-operative, of growers often related who pool their resources to vinify their wines and market them under several brands
79
What does ND mean?
Negociant Distributer
| - a middleman company, that distributes Champagne that they did not make
80
Where was Dom Pérignon cellar master
The Abbey of Hautvillers from 1668 til 1715
81
What does pétillant mean
Sparkling
82
What does Demi Mousseux mean
Crémont
83
What is the oldest champagne house still in operation today
Gosset - established in 1584, was founded as a still wine producer
84
Who is Madame Barbe - Nicole Ponsardin
The Vueve Cliquot
85
What did Madam Barbe Nicole Ponsardin pioneer once she took over the house of Cliquot
The development of the pupitre
86
What was the name of the first Brut champagne produced by Pommery in 1874
Pommery Nature
87
What region was removed from champagne in the realigning of Champagne in 1908
The Aube
88
When was The Aube reinstated as a full Region of champagne
1927
89
When was champagne enshrined into the AOC / AOP
1936
90
What is the Commission de Châlons
Founded in 1936 in Champagne as a consortium of growers and merchants to develop quality standards and regulate pricing
91
What are some of the wars that have taken place in or around Champagne
Hundred Years War
16th Century Religious Conflicts
Thirty Years War
World War I
World War II
92
How many villages are authorized to grow grapes for Champange
357
93
Pinot Noir is the prominent grape in what districts in Champagne
Montage de Reims
Côte des Bars (The Aube)
94
Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what districts in a Champange
Côte de Sézanne
Côte des Blancs
95
Pinot Meunier is the primary grape for what District in Champange
Vallée de la Marne
96
What directions are the slopes facing in Côte des Blanc
Southeast
East
97
Who can recieve Cru status in Champagne
Cru status is awarded to entire villages in Champagne , rather than individual vineyards or properties
98
How many Grand Crus are in Champagne
17
99
How many premier Crus are in Champagne
42
100
What does the CIVIC regulate
1. Size of harvest
2. Authorizes blocage and deblocage
3. Safeguards the protected designation of Champange
101
What is the percentile system by which villages or Crus of champagne appellations are rated
Échelle de Crus
102
If a village achieved the maximum échelle ("scale") of 100 in Champagne what was it classified as
Grand Cru
103
If a village acheivdd an échelle of 90 to 99 they are classified as
Premier Cru
104
What were the only Premier Cru Villages with a 99% ranking
Mareuil - sur - Ay - Vallée de la Marne
Tauxières - Montage de Reims
105
Villages in Champagne with a rating below 90 were classified as
Crus
106
Large Champange houses such as :
Möet et Chandon
Louis Roederer
Vueve Clicquot Ponsardin
Tattinger
Pol Roger
Perrier - Jouët
Mumm
Laurent - Perrier
All fall under what type of champagne produced
Négociant Manipulant
107
What is a MA
Marque d'Acheteur - a buyers own brand, often a large supermarket chain or resturant that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label
108
The vin de cuveè while pressing accounts for the first __________ liters of Juice
2,050
109
The vin de taille when pressing grapes for champagne accounts for following __________ liters, following the extraction of the vin de cuveè juices
500
110
During the primary fermentation of the still wine during the making of champagne, what type of barrels are used
Stainless Steel
Oak - some used but new wood is used as well
111
What is the heart of the Méthode Champenoise process
The second fermentation
112
What is Prise de mousse
French for Second fermentation
113
What type of bottle cap is used during the second fermentation
A crown cap
114
What is a bidule
A plastic capsule that captures the sediment during Remuage
115
How long does the second fermentation process last
Up to 8 weeks
116
During the second fermentation the carbon dioxide creates a pressure inside the bottle of _______ to ______ atmosphere
5 to 6 atmospheres
117
What is it called when each bottle is briskly shaken in order to prevent the sediment from sticking to the sides of the bottle
Pointage
118
What is dégorgement à la glace
The dulling the neck of bottles into a freezing brine solution
119
What is dégorgement à la volée
An older method of disgorgement
The same as dégorgement à la glace except the release of the sediments doesn't take place in frozen liquid
120
What is in the mixture of dosage
Sugar syrup and wine
121
What is the minimum months non vintage champagne can be aged
15 months
122
What is the minimum months vintage champagne can be aged
36 months
123
What is a piccolo
A quarter champagne bottle
187 ml
124
What is a Demi
A half bottle of champagne
375 ml
125
What is the size of the standard champagne bottle
750 ml
126
What is a magnum
2 bottles - 1.5 ml
127
What is a jeroboam
3L - 4 bottles
128
What is a Rehoboam
4.5 L - 6 bottles
129
When was Rehoboam discontinued
In 1989
130
What is Methuselah
6L - 8 bottles
131
What is Salmanazar
9L - 12 bottles
132
What is Balthazar
12L - 16 bottles
133
What is a Nebuchadnezzar
15L - 20 bottles
134
What is a Solomon
18 L 24 bottles
135
What is the maximum amount of a years harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne
80%
136
Comtes de Champagne is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Tattinger
137
Cristal is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Louis Roederer
138
Grand Siècle is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Laurent - Perrier
139
Belle Épique is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Perrier - Jouët
140
Cuveè Sir Winston Churchill is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Pol Roger
141
Dom Ruinart is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Ruinart
142
La Grande Dame is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Vueve Clicquot
143
What are Coteaux Champenois and Rosé de Riceys
The still wine appellations within Champagne
144
What type of wines are made in Coteaux Champenois
Red wine 🔴
White wine ⚪
Rosé ⚪🔴
145
What type of wines are made in Rosé de Riceys
Pinot Noir
146
Where is Les Ricey
A Cru village in the Aube
147
How many AOPs produce Crémont wines produced by in the traditional method and what are they
7
Crémant de Bordeaux
Crémant de Bourgonge
Crémant de Loire
Crémant de Limoux
Crémant de Die
Crémant du Jura
Crémant d'Alsace
148
What are the 3 appellations in Loire Valley that use the traditional method
Vouvray
Montlouis - sur - Loire
Saumur
149
What are the appellations in Savoie that use traditional method
Vin de Savoie
Seyssel
150
Where in Italy are the best traditional sparkling wines produced
Lombardy
Franciacorta DOCG
Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico
151
True or False
All Spanish Cava is made in the traditional method
True
152
True or False
All German Sekt is made in the traditional method
False - only the highest quality
153
Where is the White Cliffs of Dover and what type of sparking wine do they make
United Kingdom
Champagne using the traditional method
154
Nyetimber
Ridge view Estate
These are top producers of what and they are from where
Sussex and method traditional sparkling wines
155
What is the leading house of method traditional in South Africa and what do they call their method
Graham Beck - Cap Classique
156
What is the oldest form of the sparkling winemaking procedure
Méthode Ancestrale
157
Is liqueur de triage neccrssary in Méthode Ancestrale
No, the yeast continues to ferment the remaining sugars in the bottle, giving the wine its sparkle
158
Is dosage allowed in Méthode Ancestrale
No
159
Who invented the Charmat method
Eugene Charmat in 1907 in France
160
How many atmospheres does sparkling wine reach in the charmat Method
5 atmospheres
161
What is the cheapest method of sparkling winemaking
Carbonation - simply injecting carbon dioxide into the still wine
162
What is the name of the still wine that makes champagne
Vin Clair
163
What does atmospheric pressure mean
A measure of atmospheric pressure:
1 atmosphere = 15 pounds per square inch
The average internal pressure of a bottle of Champagne is six atmospheres
164
Keep Gringing!
Don't give up!
165
What are the 5 departments of Champagne
```
Aisne
Aube
Seine et Marne
Haut Marne
Marne
```
166
Which department accounts for the most planting of vines in Champagne
Marne at 66%
167
How many villages make up champagne
330 villages
168
How many grand crus are their in Champagne
17
169
How many premier crus are there in Champagne
42
170
What directions do most slopes face in Champagne
Predominantly south, east and southeast- facing slopes
171
Pinot Noir is dominant in what areas in Champagne
Montagne de Reims and the Côte des Bar.
172
Meunier is dominant in what areas of Champagne
Vallée de la Marne
173
Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what area in Champagne
Cote Des Blancs
174
What percentage of Pinot Noir is grown in Champagne
Pinot Noir makes up 38%
175
What percentage of Meunier is grown in Champagne
Meunier makes up 32%
176
What percentage of Chardonnay is grown in Champagne
Chardonnay makes up 30%
177
What are some classic flavours of champagne
```
Toast
Baked Bread
Biscuits
Pastries
Grilled Nuts
```
178
What are the 3 legal stages where you can use sugar in Champagne
1. Chaptalisation (ours during the still wine process)
2. Liqueur de tirage
3. Liqueur d’expédition
179
What is Boues de ville (also known as Gadoues)
The dominant fertilizer used in Champagne from the 1960’s til 1998
The fertilizer was a combination of trash, plastic and crushed glass
180
What is the dominant fertilizer soil addition in champagne
Wood Chips
181
What is a geological blend
A blend that is based on grapes that come from a similar soil instead using a variety of terriors to make a house style
Pascal Agrapart is known for using this style in champagne
182
What is the Maillard Reaction
A process involving the interactions of amino acids with the addition of sugar in the wine
This reaction is what gives champagne those traditional aromas and flavors of bread, yeast and dough
183
What is the disadvantage of using wood chips as a fertilizer
Changes the nitrogen balance of the soil
The chips smother the soil
Negatively impacts life in the soil
Can bring new fungi that are not indigenous to the region
184
What are some advantages of using wood chip fertilizers
They give the soil more structure
Help minimizes erosion
And allows the vineyard workers to drive trackers across the vineyard in wet weather
185
What is Massal Selection
French wine growing term for the practice of replanting new vineyards with cuttings from exceptional old vines from the same (or nearby) property.
186
What is Réseau Matu
(ripening observation network). Consisting of volunteer professionals – winegrowers, vineyard managers, House managers, etc – the Réseau Matu monitors ripening in 404 vineyard plots that represent the Champagne vineyard as a whole.
- based upon their testing they create a harvest schedule for these selected vineyards
187
Who invented the Pupitre
Madam Barbe Nicole Cliquot Ponsardin
Cellermaster Antoine De Müller
188
Who invented the Muselet
Adolphe Jacquesson
189
What is a Muselet
The wire cage that holds the champagne cork firmly and stops it from being pushed out by the gas pressure in the bottle
190
What is Sucre - Oenomètre
Created in 1836
A device that allows winemakers to measure the amount of sugar in their wines quickly and simply
191
Who invented the Sucre - Oenomètre
Jean Baptiste François
192
What is Prisse de Mousse
Created in 1831
The quantity of sugar required for the secondary fermentation in the bottle
Also known as Reduction François
193
Rich, powerful, and blended champagnes are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Montagne de Reims
194
Fruity, easy drinking Pinot Meunier are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Vallee de la Marne
195
Elegant and zippy chardonnay are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Cote de Blanc
196
Soft and easy drinking pinot noir are the characteristics of what region in champagne
The Aube
197
What bodies of water are located to the northwest of the region of champagne
North Sea and the English Channel
198
How much sunlight does the region of champagne receive a year
1,650 hours of sunlight annually
199
What is the average temperature a year in champagne
52 degrees
200
How many acres of vines are in Champagne
84,000 acres
201
What is method perpetualle
a solera style system used in champagne where winemakers store in a single barrel a particular vineyard over the course of years to create the perfect cuvee
202
What three rivers are apart of the Montagne de Reims
Ardre , Velse, and Marne River
203
Massif de St Thierry
Vesle et Ardre
Grande Montagne de Reims
Monts de Berru
These are the sub regions for what region in champagne
Montagne de Reims
204
What sub region in Montagne de Reims is located northwest of the city of Reims and is known for its sandy soils
Massif de Saint Thierry
205
What is the name of the road in Montagne de Reims that goes from north to south that acts like a dividing line between Reims and Epernay
D951
206
What is the small area east of Reims that is isolated and is on a little known hill known chalk capped by sand, limestone, and clay
Monts de Beru
207
What are the characteristics of the Mountain wines made in Montagne de Reims
They are more rigidly structured
208
What are the characteristics of River wines made in the Montagne de Reims
More expansive breadth due to the soils and climatic conditions in location closer to the Marne River
209
What are some characteristics of wines from Bouzy
High ripeness, full bodied wines due to warmer terrior, south facing slopes,
210
What is the soil type of Bouzy
a hard bedrock of chalk with a variety of different top soils
