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Court of Master Sommeliers - Certified > France - Loire Valley > Flashcards

France - Loire Valley Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Climate type of the Loire Valley?

A

Maritime in the western part

Continental in the eastern part

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2
Q

What are the top white grape varietals of the Loire Valley?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Chenin Blanc

Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet)

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3
Q

What is the top red grape varietals of the Loire Valley?

A

Cabernet Franc

Cabernet Sauvignon

Gamay

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4
Q

What is the longest river in France and what region is it located?

A

The Loire River it flows from east to west and it’s located in the Loire Valley

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5
Q

Where does the Loire River began?

A

Massif Central - a mountainous region in south central France

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6
Q

What are the top 2 producing 100% Sauvignon Blanc regions in the Loire Valley?

A

Pouilly - Fume

Sancerre

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7
Q

Where did Chenin Blanc get its name from?

A

Mount Chenin - small mountain located in the Loire River Valley

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8
Q

What area in the Loire Valley is dedicated to 100% Chenin Blanc wines?

A

The Middle Loire

Anjou - Saumar - Savennières
- dry white wines

Touraine - Vouvray
- dry to sweet white wines

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9
Q

What AOC region make the top dessert wines?

A

Coteaux du Layon

Subregions
- Bonnezeaux

  • Quartes de Chaume
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10
Q

What is the top AOC in the Loire Valley for producing Cabernet Franc?

A

Anjou - Saumur - Chinon

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11
Q

What is Melon de Bourgonge?

A
  • A white grape that originated in Burgundy but is now grown in the Loire Valley.
  • Primarily grown in the western region of the Loire Valley in Pay Nantais in the AOC of Muscadet
  • Also is called Muscadet
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12
Q

What is the nickname of the Loire Valley

A

The Garden of France

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13
Q

What is the furtherest western AOC in the Loire Valley?

A

Muscadet

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14
Q

What is the furtherest eastern AOC in the Loire Valley?

A

Sancerre and Pouilly - Fume

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15
Q

What are some other names for Chenin Blanc in the Loire Valley?

A

Pineau d’Anjou - Chenin Noir

Pineau de la Loire - Chenin Blanc

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16
Q

What are some other names for Cabernet Franc in the Loire Valley?

A
  • Bouchet
  • Breton
  • Bouchy
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17
Q

What is the climate type of the Upper Loire (Central Vineyards)?

A

Cool - Continental

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18
Q

What is the major city in the Upper Loire (Central vineyards)?

A

Orleans

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19
Q

How did the Upper Loire get its name?

A

Cause it sets in the center of France, not in the center of the Loire Valley

Note:
Another name the Upper Loire is called: vins du Centre - wines from the center

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20
Q

What is the soil types of the Upper Loire?

A

Western: Silex (Flint) , Limestone (Caillotte)

Eastern: Kimmeridgan Limestone (Terre Blanches)

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21
Q

True or False

You can make red wines in Pouilly Fume?

A

False - it is only legal to make white wines in Pouilly Fume

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22
Q

What is the main red grape varietal for Sancerre?

A

Pinot Noir

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23
Q

What side of the Loire River does Sancerre set on?

A

Western Bank

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24
Q

What type of red wines are made in Sancerre?

A
  • traditional dry wines
  • Rośe

All made from the Pinot Noir and Gamay grape

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25
Q

What does Fume mean?

A

Smoke

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26
Q

What bank does Pouilly - sur - Loire set on?

A

The Eastern Bank

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27
Q

What is the name of the famous subregion in Pouilly - sur - Loire?

A

Pouilly - Fume

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28
Q

What is the dominate soil type in Pouilly - Fume?

A

Silex (Flint)

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29
Q

What is the main grape in Pouilly - sur - Loire?

A

Chasselas

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30
Q

What type of flavor does Pouilly - Fume wines give and what causes it?

A

Smoke flavor and due to the silex in the soil, that causes the flavor to have that smokey taste

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31
Q

What is the main city in Touraine?

A

Tours

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32
Q

Where does the weather shift in the Loire Valley from Maritime to Continental?

A

Touraines

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33
Q

What is the largest area in the Loire Valley?

A

Touraines with 150 AOC regions

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34
Q

What type of wines are produced in the Touraines?

A

Red

White

Rośe

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35
Q

What is the red grape varietal in Touraine?

A

Cabernet Franc

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36
Q

What AOC regions in Touraine produce Red wines?

A

Chinon, Bourgueil, St. Nicolas-de-Bourgueil

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37
Q

What is the white grape varietal used mostly in Touraines?

A

Chenin Blanc

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38
Q

What appellations in Touraines make white wine?

A

Vouvray

Montlouis

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39
Q

What area is known as the little sister of Vouvray and why?

A

Montlouis - they produce a lesser quality Chenin Blanc than Vouvray

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40
Q

What is the most common style of Vouvray made?

A

Medium Dry

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41
Q

True or False

Almost all Medium -sweet Vouvray wines are the product of Botrytis Cinerea “Noble Rot”

A

True

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42
Q

What champagne method to they use in Vouvray to make their sparkling wines?

A

Mèthode Traditionnelle

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43
Q

A fully carbonated wine from Vouvray is called

A

Mousseaux

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44
Q

Sparkling wines with more of a slightly fizzy carbonation are called?

A

Pètillant

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45
Q

True or False

Chinon only produces red wines?

A

False

Chinon makes red wines from Cabernet Franc and a little Cabernet Sauvignon

Chinon makes white wines from Chenin Blanc

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46
Q

True or False

Wine produced in Saumar may be bottled under the Anjou Appellation?

A

True

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47
Q

Coteaux du Layon produces what types of grapes

A

Chenin Blanc

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48
Q

Pouilly Fume produces what type of grapes?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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49
Q

Bourgueil produces what kind of grapes

A

Cabernet Franc (Petit Breton)

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50
Q

Muscadet Sèvre - et- Maine produces what type of grapes?

A

Melon du Bourgogne

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51
Q

Cour - Cheverny produces what kind of grapes?

A

Romorantin

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52
Q

Menetou - Salon is located in what region of the Loire Valley?

A

Central Vineyards - Upper Loire

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53
Q

Name an appellation that produces sweet wines within the Coteaux du Layon?

A

Quarts du Chaume

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54
Q

What is the dominant soil of Vouvray?

A

Tuffeau rocks - a type of limestone that forms the face of the cliffs in Vouvray

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55
Q

What type of wines does St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil produce?

A

Red wines

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56
Q

What is the main grape of Pouilly-sur-Loire?

A

Chasselas

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57
Q

Pinot Noir produces what kind of wine in the Central Vineyards?

A

Sancerre Rouge

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58
Q

Savennieres is located in what region of the Loire Valley?

A

Anjou

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59
Q

What is the Primary red grape of Chinon?

A

Cabernet Franc (Breton)

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60
Q

Savennieres

Quarts de Chaume

Bonnezeuax

Coteaux du Layon

Coteaux de l’Aubance

Are all appellation in what part of the Loire Valley?

A

Anjou - Saumar

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61
Q

What is the main in the appellation of Anjou - Saumar?

A

Anjou

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62
Q

What are the Primary White Grape Varieties of Loire Valley

A

Chenin Blanc

Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet) note: Muscadelle is a grape from Bordeaux! DO NOT CONFUSE!!!!

Sauvignon Blanc

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63
Q

What are the 4 regions of the Loire Valley

A
  • Pay Nantais - Lower Loire
  • Anjou - Saumur - Middle Loire
  • Touraine - Middle Loire
  • Central Vineyards - Upper Loire
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64
Q

What is Frances longest river and where does it flow

A

The Loire River - 629 mile river that starts in the Massif Central to the Atlantic Ocean

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65
Q

What is the French name of the Loire Valley

A

Jardin de la France - “Garden of France”

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66
Q

What region in France produces the most white wines

A

Loire Valley

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67
Q

What region is second only to Champagne in sparkling wine production

A

Loire Valley

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68
Q

What are some secondary grapes of Loire Valley and where are they grown

A

Orbois - Touraine AOC, Cremant de Loire, and Vin de Pays du Loir et Cher

Romorantin - Cour - Cheverny AOC

Chardonnay - all over Loire Valley

Gros Plant ( Folle Blanche) - western Loire Valley

Chasselas - Pouilly - sur - Loire

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69
Q

What is the alternate name of Pineau d’Aunis

A

Chenin Noir

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70
Q

What is the main city in Pays Nantais

A

Nantes

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71
Q

What is the main grape of Pays Nantais

A

Melon de Bourgonge (Muscadet) ⚪

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72
Q

Muscadet AOP

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire AOP

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOP

Muscadet Sèrve-et-Maine AOP

These are the 4 appellations for what region in Loire Valley

A

Pays Nantais

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73
Q

What is the average abv for wines from Pays Nantais and why

A

12% abv or below

  • to ensure lighter, fresher character
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74
Q

Of the 4 appellations of Muscadet, which one accounts over 80% of Muscadet production

A

Muscadet Sèrve-et-Maine AOP

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75
Q

What are the main rivers of Pays Nantais

A

Loire River

Maine River

Sèrve River

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76
Q

What are the main rivers that have a major influence on the wines from Muscadet Sèrve-et-Maine

A

Maine River

Sèrve River

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77
Q

What are some of the soils of Muscadet Sèrve-et-Maine that help produce classic Melon de Bourgogne

A

Gneiss

Silica

Clay

Granite

78
Q

Nearly half of the production of wines from Muscadet Sèrve-et-Maine are bottled what way and why

A

Sur -Lie - they are aged on their lees over the winter, and bottles off the fine lees (without filtering)

  • it adds complexity, richness, and a slight sparkle to the finished wine
79
Q

Of the 4 major appellations of Muscadet which is the newest one

A

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu AOP

  • created in 1994
80
Q

What is Hermine d’Or

A

An unofficial labeling term used in Muscadet Sèrve-et- Maine that promotes terroir and stresses age-ability

81
Q

Clisson

Le Pallet

Gorges

These are the 3 subzones for what Appellation

A

Muscadet Sèrve-et-Maine

82
Q

What river do the 3 subzones of Muscadet Sèrve-et-Maine set off of

A

Sèrve River

83
Q

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC

Coteaux d’Ancenis AOC

Fiefs Vendéens AOC

These are AOCs that are apart of what Appellation and why were they able to gain their status

A

Pays Nantais

  • due to the elimination of the VDQS tier in 2011
84
Q

What is the largest area in the Loire Valley

85
Q

What area is the center of Loire Valley Sparkling wine production

86
Q

What is Chenin Blanc called in Saumur

A

Pineau de la Loire

87
Q

Pineau de la Loire from Anjou is made in what style

A

Dry and Sweet

88
Q

45% of Anjou total production is devoted to what type of wine

89
Q

What grape is used to make rosé from Anjou

A

Grolleau 🔴

90
Q

Can Anjou wines be labeled Saumur

A

No, but Saumur wines maybe labeled Anjou

91
Q

Chenin Blanc from Savennières AOP are generally made in what way

92
Q

La Roche Aux Moines

Coulee De Serrant

These are considered the unofficial Grand Crus of what area

A

Savennières

93
Q

Nicolas Joly is a monopole where in Savennières

A

La Roche Aux Moines

94
Q

What helps the wines of Savennières have that complexity and honey style

A

It’s steep Southern exposure and unique soil structure comprised of Blue schist mixed with volcanic debris

95
Q

What is the main soil of Savennières

A

Blue Schist mixed with volcanic debris

96
Q

What are the sweet wine districts of Anjou and what grape do they use

A

Coteaux du Layon AOP

Coteaux de l’Aubance AOP

They harvest Chenin Blanc later in the season as producers hope for botrytis

97
Q

What are some of the major rivers in Anjou

A

Loire River

Layon River

Hyrôme River

Besnarderie River

Rau de Montayer River

98
Q

Where is Coteaux du Layon

A

South Anjou

99
Q

What famous AOPs are within Coteaux du Layon

A

Bonnezeaux AOP

Quarts de Chaume AOP

100
Q

What type of wines do they produce in Bonnezeaux AOP and Quarts de Chaume AOP

A

Sweet Wines

101
Q

Thouarcè is a commune by which major wine producing area in Anjou

A

Bonnezeaux AOP

102
Q

Rochefort-sur-Loire is a commune by which major Appellation in Anjou

A

Quarts de Chaume AOP

103
Q

True or False

Quarts de Chaume is a Grand Cru

A

Yes, from the 2010 harvest forward

104
Q

What harvest did Quarts de Chaume receive Grand Cru status

105
Q

What is the soil type of Quarts de Chaume and what plays a very influential role as well

A

A small band of sandstone and schist hillsides on the banks of the Layon River

106
Q

Domaine des Baumard

Château Pierre - Bise

These are highly regarded producers of what region in Loire Valley

A

Château du Layon - Quarts de Chaume

107
Q

How many villages are entitled to add their name to basic Coteaux du Layon AOP

A

7
Beaulieu-sur-Layon

Rochefort - sur - Loire

Faye d’Anjou

St Lambert du Lattay

St - Aubin de Luigne

Rablay - sur - Layon

Chaume

108
Q

What is the requirement for wines that are labeled by village in Coteaux du Layon AOP

A
  • must reach higher minimum must weights and are harvested at lower maximum yields
109
Q

Saumur AOP makes what type of wines

A

Red 🔴

Dry White ⚪

Sparking white and rose 🍾

110
Q

When making a white wine from Saumur AOP, these two grapes can make up 20% of the blend

A

Chardonnay

Sauvignon Blanc

111
Q

What wines make up Saumur Rouge

A

Cabernet Franc

Cabernet Sauvignon

Pineau d’Aunis

112
Q

Can you make rosé wine in Saumur AOP

A

No, it isn’t authorized

113
Q

Over half of the grapes in Saumur are used to make what type of wine

A

sparkling wine

  • Saumur AOP
  • Crèmant de Loire AOP
114
Q

The most ageworthy red wines have always come from where in Loire Valley and what two regions

A

Touraine - Chinon and Bourgueil

115
Q

Chinon AOP

Bourgueil AOP

St Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOP

All three of these produce what wine

A

Cabernet Franc

116
Q

What are the 3 soil types of Chinon

A

Tuffeau

Clay

Varennes

117
Q

What river is closest to a Chinon and is a tributary to the Loire River

A

Vienne River

118
Q

What soil type of Chinon is closest to the Vienne River

A

The sandy, alliuvial varennes soil

119
Q

Where is Tuffeau most common in Chinon

A

On the slopes

120
Q

What is Vins de Tuffe

A

Tuffeau soil originating from the limestone south facing slopes

  • this soil type had the most promise and depth
121
Q

Is Chinon AOP located on the north or south bank of the Loire River?

122
Q

In Chinon, Bourgueil and St Nicolas de Bourgueil what is the max amount of Cabernet Sauvignon allowed in Cabernet Franc

123
Q

Bourgueil and St Nicolas - de - Bourgueil make what type of wines only

A

Red 🔴

Rosé ⚪🔴

124
Q

Can you make white wine in Chinon

A

Yes, only small amounts though from the Chenin Blanc grape

125
Q

Vouvray is located on what side of the Loire River

126
Q

What bank does Montlouis-sir-Loire lie on

127
Q

What is Touraines Largest and most important white wine district

A

Vouvray AOP

128
Q

What is the main soil type of Vourvay AOP

A

Tuffeau limestone

129
Q

What are the sweetness levels Vouvray is produced

A

Sec

Sec - Tendre (off-dry)

Demi - Sec

Moelleux

Liquereux

130
Q

Are Bourgueil AOP and St-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOP located on the north or south bank of the Loire River?

131
Q

Name the 3 rivers that touch Chinon AOP? Which is the most important?

A

Vienne River - most important

Indre River

Loire River

132
Q

What is the most common trellising system in Chinon AOP for Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc?

A

Guyot Simple

-pruned to one long cane with a maximum of seven buds

133
Q

What two trellising methods are permitted in Chinon AOP? Which is preffered for Chenin Blanc?

A

Guyot Simple

Guyot Double -preferred for Chenin Blanc

134
Q

What is the most important subsoil in Vouvray, that is known for being soft allowing for an impressive network of underground cellars in the area?

A

tuffeau limestone

135
Q

What type of style is sparkling wine made in Vouvray AOP

A

Pétillant

Mousseux

136
Q

What are some of the red varieties of Vouvray

A

Gamay

Groslot

Pineau d’Aunis

Caberent Franc

137
Q

What style of Gamay is most sold in Vouvray

A

Beaujolais Nouveau

138
Q

What is the major city of Central Vineyards

139
Q

How long does Vin Mousseux (sparkling wine) made in Touraine AOP need to stay in contact with lees before being released?

140
Q

For Touraine AOP, what are the 5 key villages?

A

Amboise

Mesland

Azay-le-Rideau

Oisly

Chenonceaux

141
Q

What grape is used for Primeur Rouge in Touraine AOP?

A

Gamay

  • all grapes must be picked manually
142
Q

If a white wine from Touraine AOP has the village of “Amboise” or “Azay-le-Rideau” on the label, then what is the only grape permitted for that wine?

A

Chenin Blanc

143
Q

If a white wine from Touraine AOP has the village of “Oisly” or “Chenonceaux” on the label, then what is the only grape permitted for that wine?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

144
Q

What are the laws concerning a white wine made in Touraine AOP that has on the label the name “Mesland”?

A

min. 60% Chenin Blanc
max. 30% Sauvignon Blanc
max. 15% Chardonnay

145
Q

What is the rosé appellation in Touraine that recreates a historical style of “vin gris”? What grapes are used in this appellation?

A

Touraine Noble-Joué AOP

  • Gris Meunier (Pinot Meunier)
  • Malvosie (Pinot Gris)
  • Pinot Noir
146
Q

If Cour-Cheverny AOP is on the label then it must be what style of wine?

A

White wine

100% Romorantin

147
Q

What is the name of the area that is north of Loire Valley but still is apart of the appellation

A

Loire Territory

Coteaux du Loir AOP

  • areas are located right outside of Touraine
148
Q

What type of wine do they make in the Coteaux du Loir AOP

A

Red Blends

Rosé

White Wines

149
Q

What are the main grapes of Coteaux du Loir AOP

A

Pineau d’Aunis - red blends and rosé

Chenin Blanc - white wines

150
Q

Name the most famous sub Appellation of Coteaux du Loir AOP

A

Jasnières AOP

151
Q

What is the main grape of Jasnières AOP

A

Chenin Blanc - the only grape that can be bottled in the appellation

152
Q

Where is Coteaux du Vendômois AOP located

A

Northeast of Coteaux du Loir AOP

153
Q

What type of wines do they make and from what grape

A

Rosé from Pineau d’Aunis

154
Q

Where is Cheverny AOP and Cour Cheverny AOP

A

On the eastern edge of Touraine

155
Q

What is the main grape of Cheverny AOP

A

Pinot Noir 🔴

Gamay 🔴

Sauvignon Blanc ⚪

156
Q

What is the bottle grape varietally of Cour Cheverny

A

Romorantin

157
Q

Where is Valençay located

A

Southeast of Touraine

158
Q

What does Valençay specialize in what two things

A

Wine

Goat milk cheese

159
Q

What are the main grapes of Valençay

A

Gamay 🔴

Pinot Noir 🔴

Malbec (cot) 🔴

Sauvignon Blanc ⚪

160
Q

What type of wines do they make in Valençay AOP

A

Red

Rosé

White

161
Q

Orleans

Orleans - Cléry

Pouilly-sur-Loire / Pouilly Fume

Menetou - Salon

Quincy

Reuilly

Coteaux du Giennois

These are the main AOPs for what area in the Loire Valley

A

Central Vineyards

162
Q

What is classic Sancerre and Pouilly Fume usually aged in

A

Stainless Steel

163
Q

Can you make anything other than white wine in Pouilly Fumé

164
Q

What is the main grape for Sancerre Rouge and Rose

A

Pinot Noir

165
Q

What is the main grapes of Menetou - Salon AOP

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Pinot Noir

166
Q

What are the main grapes of Reuilly AOP

A

Pinot Noir

Pinot Gris - used to make Rosé

Sauvignon Blanc

167
Q

What is the main grapes of Quincy AOP

A

Sauvignon Blanc

168
Q

What was the second demarcated Appellation of France

A

Quincy - Central Vineyards - Loire Valley

169
Q

What is the main grapes of Coteaux du Giennois and what type of wines do they make

A

Pinot Noir - Red wine and Rosé

Gamay - Red wine and Rosé

170
Q

Where is the warmest part of the Loire Valley

171
Q

Cheverny

Vouvray

Montlouis

Bourgueil

Chinon

Coteaux du Loir

Jasnières

These are the main districts for what region in the Loire Valley

172
Q

Anjou

Saumur

Savennières

Coteaux-du-Layon

These are the main District to what region in the Loire Valley

A

Anjou - Saumur

173
Q

Muscadet de Sèvre-et-Maine

Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu

Muscadet des Coteaux de la Loire

Coteaux d’Ancenis

Muscadet

These are the main districts for what region in the Loire Valley

A

Pays Nantais

174
Q

Pouilly - Fumé

Pouilly Blanc Fumé

Blanc Fumé de Pouilly

Are all wines made from what grapes and are located where

A

Central Vineyards - Pouilly Fumé

175
Q

What is in the soil of Terre Blanche

A

Kimmeridgeon Clay

  • soil is similar to that of Chablis
176
Q

What is in the soil of Caillottes

A

Stones over limestone

177
Q

What is in the soil of Silex

A

Flint stones over limestone

178
Q

What grapes grow well on Terre Blanche

A

Sauvignon Blanc

179
Q

What grape grows well on Silex

A

Pinot Noir

180
Q

What is the main grapes of Menetou - Salon

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Pinot Noir

Gamay

181
Q

What type wines do they make in Menetou - Salon

A

Red

Rosé

White

182
Q

Quincy AOP sets off what river and what side of the river

A

West Bank of the River Cher

183
Q

What grapes are the main grapes of Quincy AOP

A

Sauvignon Blanc

184
Q

What type of wines do they make in Quincy AOP

A

White - Only AC wines are made in this style

Red - are always classified as Vin de Pays

Rosé - are always classified as Vin de Pays

185
Q

What village is located southwest of Quincy AOP

A

Reuilly AOP

186
Q

What are the main grapes of Reuilly

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Pinot Gris

Pinot Noir

187
Q

What type of wines are made in Reuilly AOP

A

White

Red

Rosé

188
Q

What are the main grapes of Orleans AOP

A

Pinot Noir

Pinot Meunier

Chardonnay

189
Q

What type of wines do they make in Orlèans AOP

A

Red

White

Rosé

190
Q

What is Orlèans Clèry AOC main grape

A

Cabernet Franc

191
Q

What type of wines are made in Orlèans Clèry AOP

Court of Master Sommeliers - Certified (50 decks)

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