South Africa Flashcards
1
Q
All of South Africa’s regions are located where? What are they?
A
Western Cape -Coastal Region -Cape South Coast -Breede River Valley -Klein Karoo -Olifants River -Boberg
2
Q
Although the WO seal is entirely voluntary, what may not appear on the label if it doesn’t show certification?
A
Vintage, variety and area of production
3
Q
Annual rainfall for the Constantia Ward in the Cape Town District?
A
1000mm - no need for irrigation here
4
Q
Annual rainfall for the Durbanville Ward in the Cape Town district?
A
481mm - Greywacke and Phyllitic soils are deep and well-drained and can hold water = good for dry land production
5
Q
Approximately how much land is under vine in South Africa?
A
95,000 ha
White Varieties = 55.2%
Red = 44.8%
With Chenin and Cabernet Sauvignon both #1, respectively
6
Q
Are multiple grapes allowed to be listed on a blended wine from South Africa?
A
Yes, if vinification occurred separately and each listed grape comprises a min 20% of the wine
7
Q
For use with respect to Fortified wines from:
- Paarl
- Franschhoek
- Wellington
- Tulbagh
A
Boberg (region)
8
Q
Boberg Region is an umbrella appellation for what style of wine?
A
Fortified wines
Districts:
Paarl
Franschhoek
Wellington
Tulbagh
9
Q
Bukettraube
A
Bukettraube is a white-wine grape variety found mainly in the vineyards of South Africa. It is used most often in the production of sweet wines, as it is susceptible to the noble rot Botrytis cinerea. Bukettraube wines tend to be light and floral-tinged, with peach, apricot and pear flavors.
The variety is the result of a crossing of Silvaner and Schiava Rossa (Trollinger), obtained in the mid-19th Century in Randersacker, Germany by winegrower Sebastian Englert. Unfortunately, Bukettraube has been largely driven from its homeland by powdery mildew, and is now almost exclusively found in South Africa, albeit in rather small quantities.
Bukettraube is an aromatic variety – its name indicates this fact – and it has excellent levels of sugars and acidity. These factors all make the grape suitable for sweet-wine production, although the wines produced do not age very well.
10
Q
Cape Peninsula is located between the Atlantic and what?
A
False Bay
11
Q
Climate Conditions in the Western Cape:
A
Generally Mediterranean
With regular coastal fog and cooling sea breezes
12
Q
Constantia is a what within the what of Cape Peninsula in the what of the Coastal Region in the what of the Western Cape?
A
Vineyard within
the district of Cape Peninsula
within the Region of Coastal Region
within the Geographical Unit of the Western Cape
13
Q
Crouchen Blanc
A
‘Cape Riesling’
wrongly called Weisser Riesling or Rhine Riesling for many years
can produce delicate fruity whites
14
Q
South African name for a vine variety
A
Cultivar
15
Q
Half of South Africa’s Semillon is located where? What other sizeable plantings are here?
A
-Worcester -Colombard, Steen, Ruby Cabernet
16
Q
Hamilton Russell Winery is located in what district?
A
Walker Bay District - Cape South Coast Region
*Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
*Bot River / Hemel-en-Aarde Valley (Heaven on earth)
17
Q
How many estates occupy the historical Constantia vineyard? Name 3.
A
5 -Groot Constantia (state owned) -Klein Constantia -Buitenverwachting (“Beyond Expectations”)
18
Q
100%
A
If an area of production is listed on the label, what percen
19
Q
If the term Single Vineyard is used on the wine label?
A
Must be produced from continuous parcels of vineyard land, and vinified and bottled on a single property.
20
Q
In 1778 who bought Groot Constantia and revived the Vin de Constantia
A
Hendrik Cloete
21
Q
KWV- fixed minimum prices - determined areas of production - established production limits- powers were formalized in the 1924 Wine & Spirits Control Act
A
Ok-opertative Wijnbouwers Vereeniging van Zuid-Afrika
22
Q
Geographical UnitProduction areas, largest to smallest:Geographical Units (ie. Western Cape)Region (ie. Klein Karoo, Olifants River)District (ie. Walker Bay, Cape Agulhas)Ward (ie. Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Bot River)
A
List the types of production areas from largest to smallest
23
Q
3 bars of pressure
A
Minimum internal bottle pressure of MCC?
24
Q
9 months
A
Minimum on the lees for MCC?
25
Name 5 producers of Stellenbosch and important wines if necessary.
-Warwick Estate "Trilogy" Cabernet-blend -Meerlust "Rubicon" Cabernet-blend -Kanonkop - Champion of Pinotage -Rust en Verde -Neil Ellis
26
Pinot Noir x Cinsault
Pinotage is the progeny of what crossing?
27
A 1960s crossingCabernet Sauvignon x Alicante Bouchet- has a grassy character (unusual)- resists disease well- often blended with Pinotage
Roobernet
28
Wine of Origin: “Cape Town” = District in the Coastal Region
Since June 2, 2017, the following wine wards have been combined under what on name: Constantia Durbanville Philadelphia Hour Bay
29
Chaptalization - no (don’t really need it)Acidification - yesThere are no stipulations in yields or irrigation
South Africa allows - Chaptalization? -Acidification?
30
It is a Ward in the Northern Cape
South Africa Central Orange River is what and where?
31
CapeFloralKingdom- one of six plan kingdoms on earth- this is the smallest, but richest - 9500 plant species (which is more than the Northern Hemisphere)- 70% of the plants are not found anywhere else on earth
South Africa CFK
32
Muscat de FrontignanOrMuscadel
South Africa Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains is also known as:
33
Created in 1973-is an attempt to guarantee label claims-participation is voluntary-origin (100%): region, district, ward, estate-vintage (75%)-grape variety (75%)
South African Wine of Origin (W.O.)
34
- 2012 - ‘Port’ removed from SA labels- wines are now ‘Cape White’ or ‘Cape Pink’-must be fortified- must be made from non-muscat grapes- must be aged for 6 months (in oak for white)
South Africa Parameters for Port-style wines?
35
- mostly made from Chenin- best are aged for 4-6 years- min abv= 16%- color and character is defined by law- most SA are sweeter than Spain wines
South Africa Parameters for sherry-style wines?
36
- no fortification permitted- min RS of 20g/L- mainly simple entry level wines, but some are made as premium styles
South Africa What are the parameters for Natural Sweet Wine?
37
- no filtration- no sweetening permitted- min RS content of 50g/LGrapes include: Chenin Blanc, Riesling, Semillon
South Africa What are the parameters for Noble Late Harvest wine?
38
- no fortification permitted- no sweetening permitted- min abc of 11%- wine must have character of fully ripe grapes
South Africa What are the parameters for Special Late Harvest wines?
39
- no fortification permitted- no sweetening allowed- category includes grapes desiccated on the vine and straw wines- min combined actual and potential alcohol abc of 16%
South Africa What are the parameters for Wine Made from Naturally Dried Grapes?
40
Dutch East India Co. established a refreshment station for the fleet sailing to India.
Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company founded Cape Town and established its first vineyard.
South Africa What happened at the Cape in 1652, and by whom?
41
3 things:- 1861 - British abolish preferential tariffs - thus allowing French wine to flow more easily- Phylloxera in 1885- Colonial WarBasically is it all decimated the wine industry well into the 1900s
South Africa What happened at the end of the 1800s to affect the wine industry in S.A.?
42
Between 1680-1690
South Africa When did the French Huguenots settle at the Cape?
43
SustainableWineSouthAfrica
SWSA
44
The first New World wine to be drunk throughout the Courts of Europe. Governor Simon van der Stel’s Constantia introduced sweet Vin de Constance, then called the "governor's wine," to the world. Founded near Cape Town in 1685.
Vin de Constance
45
What 2 districts combined contain nearly 20% of the national's vine acreage?
Breedekloof & Worcestor
46
What 2 grapes are most promising in Klein Karoo? What is the focus of production?
-Muscat & Tinta Barroca -Fortified & Sweet wines (Jerepigo)
47
What annual wine auction is for rare Cape wines? Where does it take place? When was its first year?
-Nederburg Wine Auction -Paarl -1975
48
What are the 2 districts of the Northern Cape?
Douglas & Sutherland-Karoo
49
What are the 2 districts of Olifants River Region?
-Citrusdal Mountain -Citrusdal Valley
50
What are the 3 districts of the Breede River Valley?
-Robertson -Worcestor -Breedekloof
51
What are the 3 independent wards of the Northern Cape?
-Hartswater -Central Orange River -Rietrivier FS
52
What are the wards of Swartland?
-Riebeekberg -Malmesbury -St. Helena Bay - Paarderberg - Paaderberg South - Riebeeksrivier
53
What are the 4 types of production areas in South Africa?
(Largest to smallest) -Geographical Unit -Region -District -Ward
54
Elandskloof
Greyton
Klein River
Theewater
What are the 4 Wards of Overberg?
55
What are the 5 large geographical areas of production?
-Western Cape -Northern Cape -Eastern Cape -Kwazulu-Natal -Limpopo
56
What are the 7 districts of the Cape South Coast Region?
-
Cape Agulhas
Elgin
Lower Duivenhoks River
Overberg
Plettenberg Bay
Swellendam
Walker Bay
57
Bot River
Sunday's Glen
Stanford Foothills
Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge
Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
What are the 6 Wards of Walker Bay? Hint: Heaven on Earth
58
BanghoekBottelaryDevon ValleyJonkershoek ValleyPapegaaibergPolkadraai HillsSimonsberg-Stellenbosch
What are the 7 Wards of Stellenbosch?
59
What are the 7 wards of Stellenbosch?
-Devon Valley -Jonkershoek Valley -Papegaaiberg -Simonsberg-Stellenbosch -Bottelary -Banghoek -Polkadraai Hills
60
Devon Valley
Jonkershoek Valley
Papegaaiberg
Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
Bottelary
Banghoek
Polkadraai Hills
Vlottenberg
What are the 8 wards of Stellenbosch?
61
What are the 9 districts of the Coastal Region?
Cape Town
Darling
Franschhoek Valley
Lutzville Valley
Paarl
Stellenbosch
Swartland
Tulbagh
Wellington
62
Robertson
Worcester
Breedekloof
What are the districts of Breede River Valley? (3)
63
Douglas
Sutherland-Karoo
What are the Districts of the Northern Cape (without a region)
64
Montagu
Outeniqua
Tradouw
Tradouw Highlands
Upper Langkloof
What are the five Wards without a District in Klein Karoo?
65
Powdery and Downy Mildew (fungal)Leafroll and fanleaf (Viral)
What are the major disease pressures affecting South African
66
What are the min %'s for the following label requirements: WO? Stated grape? Vintage?
-WO - 100% -Stated grape - 85% -Vintage - 85%
67
What are the most planted red and white grapes in Stellenbosch?
Cabernet Sauvignon & Suavignon Blanc
68
Breede River Valley
Cape South Coast Region
Coastal Region
Klein Karoo
Olifants River
Boberg River
What are the regions of the Western Cape? (6)
69
What are the requirements for a single vineyard to be listed on a South African wine label?
-Must be 100% sourced from the listed vineyard -The vineyard must be appropriately registered and less than 6 ha
70
What are the requirements for estate wines?
-Must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land -Must be vinified and bottled on a single property
71
Derived from:- Table Mountain Sandstone- Granite- Shale
What are the three most important soil types in South Africa?
72
Malgas
Stormsvlei
Buffeljags
What are the three Wards within Swellendam?
73
Calitzdorp
Langeberg-Garcia
What are the two districts within the Klein Karoo Region?
74
Simonsberg-Paarl
Voor-Paardeberg
Agter-Paarl
What are the 3 wards of Paarl?
75
Constantia
Durbanville
Hout Bay
Philadelphia
What are the two Wards of the Cape Town?
76
Goudini
Slanghoek
What are the wards of Breedekloof District? (2)
77
Spruitdrift
Vredenal
What are the Wards of Olifants River without a District? (3)
78
Agterkliphoogte
Boesmansrivier
Bonnievale
Eilandia
Hoopsrivier
Klaasvoogds
Le Chasseur
McGregor
Vinkrivier
Ashton
Goedemoed
Goree
Goudmyn
Zandrivier
What are the wards of Robertson District?
79
Hex River Valley
Nuy
Scherpenheuvel
Stettyn
What are the wards of Worcester District? (4)
80
Breede River Valley
Olifants River
Boberg River
Klein Karoo
Coastal
Cape South Coast
What are the WO Regions of the Western Cape? (6)
81
What Constantia estate revived the virtually extinct style with new Muscat de Frontignan planted in the 1980s? What is the common style for the region now?
-Klein ("little") Constantia -Despite the historical fame of Vin de Constance, several new proprietors are focusing on international varieties and dry wines
82
Pinot Noir x Cinsault
Abraham Perold 1924
What crossing led to the creation of Pinotage? Who invented it?
83
What current flows from Antarctica to cool the Western Cape?
Benguela Current
84
Paarl
Simonsberg-Paarl
What district is home to the KWV ?
85
What district of the Coastal Region is increasingly producing Cap Classique?
Tulbagh District
86
What district produces the most in South Africa?
Worcester (over 25% of the national volume of wine & spirits)
87
What districts of the Coastal Region do not have any wards?
Franschoek, Wellington, and Tulbagh
88
What does KWV stand for? When was it founded? By whom?
- Ko-opertive Wijnbovwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika -1918 - with the support of 90% of the growers
- A co-operative of growers & producers
89
What Douro grape variety is planted in South Africa?
Tinta Barroca
90
What is "Cap Classique"?
South African traditional method sparkling wine, increasingly produced from PN and Chard
91
Dome-like intrusions of igneous magma into the earth’s crust occurred at great depths and cooled slowly, resulting in a coarse crystalline (granitoid) texture. The Plutons have subsequently been exposed by erosion, resulting in dome-like mountains.
What is a pluton?
92
What is Cape Riesling?
A synonym for Crouchen Blanc - unrelated to Riesling
93
What is Groendruif?
A South African synonym for Semillon
94
What is Hanepoot?
A synonym for Muscat of Alexandria
95
What is Jerepigo?
A VDL from South Africa, made from Muscat a Petits Grains with a min RS of 160g/l
96
What is Kanonkop?
A champion of Pinotage in Stellenbosch
97
What is Rust en Verde?
An important producer of Stellenbosch
98
What is SAWIT? What does it stand for?
-Est. 1999 -South African Wine Industry Trust -Speed up transformation and empower black workers
99
What is South Africa's largest co-op?
Vredendal
100
A cold ocean current that flows up the west coast of South Africa originating in Antarctica - basically keeps the climate very moderate
What is the Benguela Current?
101
What is the Boberg Region for?
Fortified wines produced in Paarl, Franschoek, Wellington and Tulbagh
102
What is the Boberg Region named for?
The nearby Berg River
103
What is the Cape Doctor?
-A notoriously strong, southeasterly wind, that blows across the Western Cape throughout the spring and summer -Inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temps -But ferociusly batters vines
104
What is the Cape's southernmost district?
Cape Agulhas - coolest climate in the country
105
Baboons!
What is the greatest vineyard threat in Constantia?
106
What is the IPW?
-Est. 1998 - Integrated Production of Wine Scheme -Voluntary means for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards -Jurisdiction of SA Wine & Spirit Board -2010 vintage forward, IPW evaluation (60% of better) and qualify for WO certification, will be marked with a join seal = "Sustainable Wine of Origin" -By 2011, 85% of South Africa's WO wine carried this new seal
107
27-34 degrees (south)
What is the main viticultural latitude range for South Africa?
108
What is the minimum must weight for grapes destined to become Jerepigo?
160g/l of RS
109
What is the minimum size for a single vineyard in South Africa?
6 ha
110
What is the most planted white and red grape of South Africa?
-Steen ≈20% of acreage -Cabernet (recently surpassed Cinsault - responsible for past surplus)
111
Vredenal
Located in Olifants River
What is the name of South Africas largest co-operative wine
112
Niederburg in the district of Paarl
What is the name of the first producer to produce botrytis sweet wine?
113
Pontac
What is the name of the red-fleshed grape?
114
Cape Agulhas District
Ward of Elim
What is the name of the southern-most point on the South Africa?
115
St. Francis Bay
What is the name of the ward of the Eastern Cape?
116
Elim
What is the name of the Ward within Cape Agulhas?
117
Steen
What is the synonym for Chenin Blanc in South Africa?
118
Weisser Riesling
What is the synonym for Riesling in Overberg?
119
Piekenierskloof
What is the Ward of Citrusdal Mountain?
120
What is the ward of Darling?
Groenekloof
121
What latitudes is the Western Cape located between? What is the climate?
27-34º Essentially Mediterranean
122
85% for both
What percentage of grapes used and vintage must be employed
123
Plutons or granite domes covered in sandstone deposits. Sandstone on a granitic base.
What si the underlying geology of Tabletop and Simonsberg Mountains?
124
- Stellenbosch (16.1%)- Paarl (16.0%)- Robertson (13.7%)- Swartland (13.6%)
What South African region has the most vineyard plantings?
125
- Breedekloof (17.5%)- Robertson (17.2%)- Olifants River (15.4%)- Worcester (11.1%)
What South African region produces the most wine?
126
Known for sherry-style fortified wines from Chenin Blanc
What style of wines are produced in Wellington district?
127
Higher altitude creates significant diurnal which is good for Cape Classique production fortified wines are also made here.
What styles of wine is Tullbagh known for?
128
What teinturier grape is linked to the old red wines of Constantia?
Pontac
129
What two geographical areas do not have any smaller production areas located within them?
Kwazulu-Natal & Limpopo
130
Agulhas (Mozambique) current brings warm water from the Indian Ocean to the east.
Benguela current brings cool water from the Southern Ocean.
What two ocean currents have the biggest effects on the Coast
131
What ward are South Africa's highest elevation vineyards located in? Where is the ward located?
-Cederberg -An unincorporated ward, east of Olifants River Region
132
What ward of Paarl was promoted to a district in 2010? Which followed suit in 2012?
-2010 - Franschoek Valley -2012 - Wellington
133
Groenkloof (Green Gap)
What ward within Darling district is well-known for its bush
134
Napier
Hebertsdale
Stilbaai East
What Wards within Cape South Coast exist without a district?
135
When did Apartheid end?
1994
136
When did Powdery Mildew and Phylloxera strike South Africa?
Latter half of the 19th c.
137
When did the golden era of Constantia end? Why?
-1885 - when the state purchased Groot Constantia -Phylloxera struck and colonial war broke out
138
November - December
When does flowering happen in South Africa?
139
Mostly in February
When does harvesting happen in South Africa?
140
Mainly between May and August (winter)
When does it rain in the Western Cape?
141
September (Southern Hemisphere)
When does the South African viticultural year begin?
142
1918 - with support of 90% of the growers- privatized in 1997
When was KWV formed?
143
When was the WO system introduced?
1973 (Australia wasn't established until 1981)
144
When were the terms Cape Port and Cape Sherry phased out? What is Cape Port referred to as now?
-2012 -Cape Port is named according to its style: Cape Tawny and Cape Ruby
145
Klein Karoo
Fortified and sweet wines are the focus and they're made from Muscat and Tinta Barroca
Where is the driest wine region in South Africa and what sty
146
Where is the KWV located?
Paarl
147
Franschhoek Valley
Which district is known for its old bush vine Semillon?
148
Franschhoek Valley & Wellington
Which two districts were former wards of Paarl?
149
Polkadraai Hills
Which ward within Stellenbosch is recognized for its superb
150
Who is the largest producer of Paarl?
Nederburg (over 40 bottlings in its lineup)
151
Who produces "Rubicon" in South Africa? What is it?
Meerlust
Cabernet Blend from Stellenbosch
152
Who produces "Trilogy" in Stellenbosch?
Warwick Estate
Cab Sav, Cab Franc & Merlot
153
Duncan Savage
Salt River, Cape Town
Who was one of the first winemakers to experiment with clay amphora in South Africa and what is the winery he was associated with?
154
Who was the first to produce botrytised dessert wine in South Africa?
-Nederburg -Golden Liquid
Nederburg Edelkeur
155
The indigenous people of South Africa
Xam San
156
Cape South Districts?
Cape Agulhas
Elgin
Lower Duivenhoks River
Overberg
Plettenberg Bay
Swellendam
Walker Bay
157
Northern Cape?
- Central Orange River
\*Orange River Wine Cellars (largest cooperative winery in South Africa)
158
Coastal Region Districts?
Cape Town
Darling
Franschhoek Valley
Lutzville Valley
Paarl
Stellenbosch
Swartland
Tulbagh
Wellington
159
Coastal Region Wards?
Bamboes Bay
Lamberts Bay
