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South Africa Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

All of South Africa’s regions are located where? What are they?

A

Western Cape -Coastal Region -Cape South Coast -Breede River Valley -Klein Karoo -Olifants River -Boberg

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2
Q

Although the WO seal is entirely voluntary, what may not appear on the label if it doesn’t show certification?

A

Vintage, variety and area of production

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3
Q

Annual rainfall for the Constantia Ward in the Cape Town District?

A

1000mm - no need for irrigation here

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4
Q

Annual rainfall for the Durbanville Ward in the Cape Town district?

A

481mm - Greywacke and Phyllitic soils are deep and well-drained and can hold water = good for dry land production

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5
Q

Approximately how much land is under vine in South Africa?

A

95,000 ha

White Varieties = 55.2%

Red = 44.8%

With Chenin and Cabernet Sauvignon both #1, respectively

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6
Q

Are multiple grapes allowed to be listed on a blended wine from South Africa?

A

Yes, if vinification occurred separately and each listed grape comprises a min 20% of the wine

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7
Q

For use with respect to Fortified wines from:

  • Paarl
  • Franschhoek
  • Wellington
  • Tulbagh
A

Boberg (region)

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8
Q

Boberg Region is an umbrella appellation for what style of wine?

A

Fortified wines

Districts:

Paarl

Franschhoek

Wellington

Tulbagh

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9
Q

Bukettraube

A

Bukettraube is a white-wine grape variety found mainly in the vineyards of South Africa. It is used most often in the production of sweet wines, as it is susceptible to the noble rot Botrytis cinerea. Bukettraube wines tend to be light and floral-tinged, with peach, apricot and pear flavors.

The variety is the result of a crossing of Silvaner and Schiava Rossa (Trollinger), obtained in the mid-19th Century in Randersacker, Germany by winegrower Sebastian Englert. Unfortunately, Bukettraube has been largely driven from its homeland by powdery mildew, and is now almost exclusively found in South Africa, albeit in rather small quantities.

Bukettraube is an aromatic variety – its name indicates this fact – and it has excellent levels of sugars and acidity. These factors all make the grape suitable for sweet-wine production, although the wines produced do not age very well.

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10
Q

Cape Peninsula is located between the Atlantic and what?

A

False Bay

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11
Q

Climate Conditions in the Western Cape:

A

Generally Mediterranean

With regular coastal fog and cooling sea breezes

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12
Q

Constantia is a what within the what of Cape Peninsula in the what of the Coastal Region in the what of the Western Cape?

A

Vineyard within

the district of Cape Peninsula

within the Region of Coastal Region

within the Geographical Unit of the Western Cape

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13
Q

Crouchen Blanc

A

‘Cape Riesling’

wrongly called Weisser Riesling or Rhine Riesling for many years

can produce delicate fruity whites

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14
Q

South African name for a vine variety

A

Cultivar

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15
Q

Half of South Africa’s Semillon is located where? What other sizeable plantings are here?

A

-Worcester -Colombard, Steen, Ruby Cabernet

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16
Q

Hamilton Russell Winery is located in what district?

A

Walker Bay District - Cape South Coast Region

*Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

*Bot River / Hemel-en-Aarde Valley (Heaven on earth)

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17
Q

How many estates occupy the historical Constantia vineyard? Name 3.

A

5 -Groot Constantia (state owned) -Klein Constantia -Buitenverwachting (“Beyond Expectations”)

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18
Q

100%

A

If an area of production is listed on the label, what percen

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19
Q

If the term Single Vineyard is used on the wine label?

A

Must be produced from continuous parcels of vineyard land, and vinified and bottled on a single property.

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20
Q

In 1778 who bought Groot Constantia and revived the Vin de Constantia

A

Hendrik Cloete

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21
Q

KWV- fixed minimum prices - determined areas of production - established production limits- powers were formalized in the 1924 Wine & Spirits Control Act

A

Ok-opertative Wijnbouwers Vereeniging van Zuid-Afrika

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22
Q

Geographical UnitProduction areas, largest to smallest:Geographical Units (ie. Western Cape)Region (ie. Klein Karoo, Olifants River)District (ie. Walker Bay, Cape Agulhas)Ward (ie. Hemel-en-Aarde Valley, Bot River)

A

List the types of production areas from largest to smallest

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23
Q

3 bars of pressure

A

Minimum internal bottle pressure of MCC?

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24
Q

9 months

A

Minimum on the lees for MCC?

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25
Q

Name 5 producers of Stellenbosch and important wines if necessary.

A

-Warwick Estate “Trilogy” Cabernet-blend -Meerlust “Rubicon” Cabernet-blend -Kanonkop - Champion of Pinotage -Rust en Verde -Neil Ellis

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26
Q

Pinot Noir x Cinsault

A

Pinotage is the progeny of what crossing?

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27
Q

A 1960s crossingCabernet Sauvignon x Alicante Bouchet- has a grassy character (unusual)- resists disease well- often blended with Pinotage

A

Roobernet

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28
Q

Wine of Origin: “Cape Town” = District in the Coastal Region

A

Since June 2, 2017, the following wine wards have been combined under what on name: Constantia Durbanville Philadelphia Hour Bay

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29
Q

Chaptalization - no (don’t really need it)Acidification - yesThere are no stipulations in yields or irrigation

A

South Africa allows - Chaptalization? -Acidification?

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30
Q

It is a Ward in the Northern Cape

A

South Africa Central Orange River is what and where?

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31
Q

CapeFloralKingdom- one of six plan kingdoms on earth- this is the smallest, but richest - 9500 plant species (which is more than the Northern Hemisphere)- 70% of the plants are not found anywhere else on earth

A

South Africa CFK

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32
Q

Muscat de FrontignanOrMuscadel

A

South Africa Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains is also known as:

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33
Q

Created in 1973-is an attempt to guarantee label claims-participation is voluntary-origin (100%): region, district, ward, estate-vintage (75%)-grape variety (75%)

A

South African Wine of Origin (W.O.)

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34
Q
  • 2012 - ‘Port’ removed from SA labels- wines are now ‘Cape White’ or ‘Cape Pink’-must be fortified- must be made from non-muscat grapes- must be aged for 6 months (in oak for white)
A

South Africa Parameters for Port-style wines?

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35
Q
  • mostly made from Chenin- best are aged for 4-6 years- min abv= 16%- color and character is defined by law- most SA are sweeter than Spain wines
A

South Africa Parameters for sherry-style wines?

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36
Q
  • no fortification permitted- min RS of 20g/L- mainly simple entry level wines, but some are made as premium styles
A

South Africa What are the parameters for Natural Sweet Wine?

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37
Q
  • no filtration- no sweetening permitted- min RS content of 50g/LGrapes include: Chenin Blanc, Riesling, Semillon
A

South Africa What are the parameters for Noble Late Harvest wine?

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38
Q
  • no fortification permitted- no sweetening permitted- min abc of 11%- wine must have character of fully ripe grapes
A

South Africa What are the parameters for Special Late Harvest wines?

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39
Q
  • no fortification permitted- no sweetening allowed- category includes grapes desiccated on the vine and straw wines- min combined actual and potential alcohol abc of 16%
A

South Africa What are the parameters for Wine Made from Naturally Dried Grapes?

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40
Q

Dutch East India Co. established a refreshment station for the fleet sailing to India.

Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company founded Cape Town and established its first vineyard.

A

South Africa What happened at the Cape in 1652, and by whom?

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41
Q

3 things:- 1861 - British abolish preferential tariffs - thus allowing French wine to flow more easily- Phylloxera in 1885- Colonial WarBasically is it all decimated the wine industry well into the 1900s

A

South Africa What happened at the end of the 1800s to affect the wine industry in S.A.?

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42
Q

Between 1680-1690

A

South Africa When did the French Huguenots settle at the Cape?

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43
Q

SustainableWineSouthAfrica

A

SWSA

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44
Q

The first New World wine to be drunk throughout the Courts of Europe. Governor Simon van der Stel’s Constantia introduced sweet Vin de Constance, then called the “governor’s wine,” to the world. Founded near Cape Town in 1685.

A

Vin de Constance

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45
Q

What 2 districts combined contain nearly 20% of the national’s vine acreage?

A

Breedekloof & Worcestor

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46
Q

What 2 grapes are most promising in Klein Karoo? What is the focus of production?

A

-Muscat & Tinta Barroca -Fortified & Sweet wines (Jerepigo)

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47
Q

What annual wine auction is for rare Cape wines? Where does it take place? When was its first year?

A

-Nederburg Wine Auction -Paarl -1975

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48
Q

What are the 2 districts of the Northern Cape?

A

Douglas & Sutherland-Karoo

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49
Q

What are the 2 districts of Olifants River Region?

A

-Citrusdal Mountain -Citrusdal Valley

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50
Q

What are the 3 districts of the Breede River Valley?

A

-Robertson -Worcestor -Breedekloof

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51
Q

What are the 3 independent wards of the Northern Cape?

A

-Hartswater -Central Orange River -Rietrivier FS

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52
Q

What are the wards of Swartland?

A

-Riebeekberg -Malmesbury -St. Helena Bay - Paarderberg - Paaderberg South - Riebeeksrivier

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53
Q

What are the 4 types of production areas in South Africa?

A

(Largest to smallest) -Geographical Unit -Region -District -Ward

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54
Q

Elandskloof

Greyton

Klein River

Theewater

A

What are the 4 Wards of Overberg?

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55
Q

What are the 5 large geographical areas of production?

A

-Western Cape -Northern Cape -Eastern Cape -Kwazulu-Natal -Limpopo

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56
Q

What are the 7 districts of the Cape South Coast Region?

A

-

Cape Agulhas

Elgin

Lower Duivenhoks River

Overberg

Plettenberg Bay

Swellendam

Walker Bay

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57
Q

Bot River

Sunday’s Glen

Stanford Foothills

Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley

Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge

Hemel-en-Aarde Valley

A

What are the 6 Wards of Walker Bay? Hint: Heaven on Earth

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58
Q

BanghoekBottelaryDevon ValleyJonkershoek ValleyPapegaaibergPolkadraai HillsSimonsberg-Stellenbosch

A

What are the 7 Wards of Stellenbosch?

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59
Q

What are the 7 wards of Stellenbosch?

A

-Devon Valley -Jonkershoek Valley -Papegaaiberg -Simonsberg-Stellenbosch -Bottelary -Banghoek -Polkadraai Hills

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60
Q

Devon Valley

Jonkershoek Valley

Papegaaiberg

Simonsberg-Stellenbosch

Bottelary

Banghoek

Polkadraai Hills

Vlottenberg

A

What are the 8 wards of Stellenbosch?

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61
Q

What are the 9 districts of the Coastal Region?

A

Cape Town

Darling

Franschhoek Valley

Lutzville Valley

Paarl

Stellenbosch

Swartland

Tulbagh

Wellington

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62
Q

Robertson

Worcester

Breedekloof

A

What are the districts of Breede River Valley? (3)

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63
Q

Douglas

Sutherland-Karoo

A

What are the Districts of the Northern Cape (without a region)

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64
Q

Montagu

Outeniqua

Tradouw

Tradouw Highlands

Upper Langkloof

A

What are the five Wards without a District in Klein Karoo?

65
Q

Powdery and Downy Mildew (fungal)Leafroll and fanleaf (Viral)

A

What are the major disease pressures affecting South African

66
Q

What are the min %’s for the following label requirements: WO? Stated grape? Vintage?

A

-WO - 100% -Stated grape - 85% -Vintage - 85%

67
Q

What are the most planted red and white grapes in Stellenbosch?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon & Suavignon Blanc

68
Q

Breede River Valley

Cape South Coast Region

Coastal Region

Klein Karoo

Olifants River

Boberg River

A

What are the regions of the Western Cape? (6)

69
Q

What are the requirements for a single vineyard to be listed on a South African wine label?

A

-Must be 100% sourced from the listed vineyard -The vineyard must be appropriately registered and less than 6 ha

70
Q

What are the requirements for estate wines?

A

-Must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land -Must be vinified and bottled on a single property

71
Q

Derived from:- Table Mountain Sandstone- Granite- Shale

A

What are the three most important soil types in South Africa?

72
Q

Malgas

Stormsvlei

Buffeljags

A

What are the three Wards within Swellendam?

73
Q

Calitzdorp

Langeberg-Garcia

A

What are the two districts within the Klein Karoo Region?

74
Q

Simonsberg-Paarl

Voor-Paardeberg

Agter-Paarl

A

What are the 3 wards of Paarl?

75
Q

Constantia

Durbanville

Hout Bay

Philadelphia

A

What are the two Wards of the Cape Town?

76
Q

Goudini

Slanghoek

A

What are the wards of Breedekloof District? (2)

77
Q

Spruitdrift

Vredenal

A

What are the Wards of Olifants River without a District? (3)

78
Q

Agterkliphoogte

Boesmansrivier

Bonnievale

Eilandia

Hoopsrivier

Klaasvoogds

Le Chasseur

McGregor

Vinkrivier

Ashton

Goedemoed

Goree

Goudmyn

Zandrivier

A

What are the wards of Robertson District?

79
Q

Hex River Valley

Nuy

Scherpenheuvel

Stettyn

A

What are the wards of Worcester District? (4)

80
Q

Breede River Valley

Olifants River

Boberg River

Klein Karoo

Coastal

Cape South Coast

A

What are the WO Regions of the Western Cape? (6)

81
Q

What Constantia estate revived the virtually extinct style with new Muscat de Frontignan planted in the 1980s? What is the common style for the region now?

A

-Klein (“little”) Constantia -Despite the historical fame of Vin de Constance, several new proprietors are focusing on international varieties and dry wines

82
Q

Pinot Noir x Cinsault

Abraham Perold 1924

A

What crossing led to the creation of Pinotage? Who invented it?

83
Q

What current flows from Antarctica to cool the Western Cape?

A

Benguela Current

84
Q

Paarl

Simonsberg-Paarl

A

What district is home to the KWV ?

85
Q

What district of the Coastal Region is increasingly producing Cap Classique?

A

Tulbagh District

86
Q

What district produces the most in South Africa?

A

Worcester (over 25% of the national volume of wine & spirits)

87
Q

What districts of the Coastal Region do not have any wards?

A

Franschoek, Wellington, and Tulbagh

88
Q

What does KWV stand for? When was it founded? By whom?

A
  • Ko-opertive Wijnbovwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika -1918 - with the support of 90% of the growers
  • A co-operative of growers & producers
89
Q

What Douro grape variety is planted in South Africa?

A

Tinta Barroca

90
Q

What is “Cap Classique”?

A

South African traditional method sparkling wine, increasingly produced from PN and Chard

91
Q

Dome-like intrusions of igneous magma into the earth’s crust occurred at great depths and cooled slowly, resulting in a coarse crystalline (granitoid) texture. The Plutons have subsequently been exposed by erosion, resulting in dome-like mountains.

A

What is a pluton?

92
Q

What is Cape Riesling?

A

A synonym for Crouchen Blanc - unrelated to Riesling

93
Q

What is Groendruif?

A

A South African synonym for Semillon

94
Q

What is Hanepoot?

A

A synonym for Muscat of Alexandria

95
Q

What is Jerepigo?

A

A VDL from South Africa, made from Muscat a Petits Grains with a min RS of 160g/l

96
Q

What is Kanonkop?

A

A champion of Pinotage in Stellenbosch

97
Q

What is Rust en Verde?

A

An important producer of Stellenbosch

98
Q

What is SAWIT? What does it stand for?

A

-Est. 1999 -South African Wine Industry Trust -Speed up transformation and empower black workers

99
Q

What is South Africa’s largest co-op?

A

Vredendal

100
Q

A cold ocean current that flows up the west coast of South Africa originating in Antarctica - basically keeps the climate very moderate

A

What is the Benguela Current?

101
Q

What is the Boberg Region for?

A

Fortified wines produced in Paarl, Franschoek, Wellington and Tulbagh

102
Q

What is the Boberg Region named for?

A

The nearby Berg River

103
Q

What is the Cape Doctor?

A

-A notoriously strong, southeasterly wind, that blows across the Western Cape throughout the spring and summer -Inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temps -But ferociusly batters vines

104
Q

What is the Cape’s southernmost district?

A

Cape Agulhas - coolest climate in the country

105
Q

Baboons!

A

What is the greatest vineyard threat in Constantia?

106
Q

What is the IPW?

A

-Est. 1998 - Integrated Production of Wine Scheme -Voluntary means for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards -Jurisdiction of SA Wine & Spirit Board -2010 vintage forward, IPW evaluation (60% of better) and qualify for WO certification, will be marked with a join seal = “Sustainable Wine of Origin” -By 2011, 85% of South Africa’s WO wine carried this new seal

107
Q

27-34 degrees (south)

A

What is the main viticultural latitude range for South Africa?

108
Q

What is the minimum must weight for grapes destined to become Jerepigo?

A

160g/l of RS

109
Q

What is the minimum size for a single vineyard in South Africa?

A

6 ha

110
Q

What is the most planted white and red grape of South Africa?

A

-Steen ≈20% of acreage -Cabernet (recently surpassed Cinsault - responsible for past surplus)

111
Q

Vredenal

Located in Olifants River

A

What is the name of South Africas largest co-operative wine

112
Q

Niederburg in the district of Paarl

A

What is the name of the first producer to produce botrytis sweet wine?

113
Q

Pontac

A

What is the name of the red-fleshed grape?

114
Q

Cape Agulhas District

Ward of Elim

A

What is the name of the southern-most point on the South Africa?

115
Q

St. Francis Bay

A

What is the name of the ward of the Eastern Cape?

116
Q

Elim

A

What is the name of the Ward within Cape Agulhas?

117
Q

Steen

A

What is the synonym for Chenin Blanc in South Africa?

118
Q

Weisser Riesling

A

What is the synonym for Riesling in Overberg?

119
Q

Piekenierskloof

A

What is the Ward of Citrusdal Mountain?

120
Q

What is the ward of Darling?

A

Groenekloof

121
Q

What latitudes is the Western Cape located between? What is the climate?

A

27-34º Essentially Mediterranean

122
Q

85% for both

A

What percentage of grapes used and vintage must be employed

123
Q

Plutons or granite domes covered in sandstone deposits. Sandstone on a granitic base.

A

What si the underlying geology of Tabletop and Simonsberg Mountains?

124
Q
  • Stellenbosch (16.1%)- Paarl (16.0%)- Robertson (13.7%)- Swartland (13.6%)
A

What South African region has the most vineyard plantings?

125
Q
  • Breedekloof (17.5%)- Robertson (17.2%)- Olifants River (15.4%)- Worcester (11.1%)
A

What South African region produces the most wine?

126
Q

Known for sherry-style fortified wines from Chenin Blanc

A

What style of wines are produced in Wellington district?

127
Q

Higher altitude creates significant diurnal which is good for Cape Classique production fortified wines are also made here.

A

What styles of wine is Tullbagh known for?

128
Q

What teinturier grape is linked to the old red wines of Constantia?

A

Pontac

129
Q

What two geographical areas do not have any smaller production areas located within them?

A

Kwazulu-Natal & Limpopo

130
Q

Agulhas (Mozambique) current brings warm water from the Indian Ocean to the east.

Benguela current brings cool water from the Southern Ocean.

A

What two ocean currents have the biggest effects on the Coast

131
Q

What ward are South Africa’s highest elevation vineyards located in? Where is the ward located?

A

-Cederberg -An unincorporated ward, east of Olifants River Region

132
Q

What ward of Paarl was promoted to a district in 2010? Which followed suit in 2012?

A

-2010 - Franschoek Valley -2012 - Wellington

133
Q

Groenkloof (Green Gap)

A

What ward within Darling district is well-known for its bush

134
Q

Napier

Hebertsdale

Stilbaai East

A

What Wards within Cape South Coast exist without a district?

135
Q

When did Apartheid end?

A

1994

136
Q

When did Powdery Mildew and Phylloxera strike South Africa?

A

Latter half of the 19th c.

137
Q

When did the golden era of Constantia end? Why?

A

-1885 - when the state purchased Groot Constantia -Phylloxera struck and colonial war broke out

138
Q

November - December

A

When does flowering happen in South Africa?

139
Q

Mostly in February

A

When does harvesting happen in South Africa?

140
Q

Mainly between May and August (winter)

A

When does it rain in the Western Cape?

141
Q

September (Southern Hemisphere)

A

When does the South African viticultural year begin?

142
Q

1918 - with support of 90% of the growers- privatized in 1997

A

When was KWV formed?

143
Q

When was the WO system introduced?

A

1973 (Australia wasn’t established until 1981)

144
Q

When were the terms Cape Port and Cape Sherry phased out? What is Cape Port referred to as now?

A

-2012 -Cape Port is named according to its style: Cape Tawny and Cape Ruby

145
Q

Klein Karoo

Fortified and sweet wines are the focus and they’re made from Muscat and Tinta Barroca

A

Where is the driest wine region in South Africa and what sty

146
Q

Where is the KWV located?

A

Paarl

147
Q

Franschhoek Valley

A

Which district is known for its old bush vine Semillon?

148
Q

Franschhoek Valley & Wellington

A

Which two districts were former wards of Paarl?

149
Q

Polkadraai Hills

A

Which ward within Stellenbosch is recognized for its superb

150
Q

Who is the largest producer of Paarl?

A

Nederburg (over 40 bottlings in its lineup)

151
Q

Who produces “Rubicon” in South Africa? What is it?

A

Meerlust

Cabernet Blend from Stellenbosch

152
Q

Who produces “Trilogy” in Stellenbosch?

A

Warwick Estate

Cab Sav, Cab Franc & Merlot

153
Q

Duncan Savage

Salt River, Cape Town

A

Who was one of the first winemakers to experiment with clay amphora in South Africa and what is the winery he was associated with?

154
Q

Who was the first to produce botrytised dessert wine in South Africa?

A

-Nederburg -Golden Liquid

Nederburg Edelkeur

155
Q

The indigenous people of South Africa

A

Xam San

156
Q

Cape South Districts?

A

Cape Agulhas

Elgin

Lower Duivenhoks River

Overberg

Plettenberg Bay

Swellendam

Walker Bay

157
Q

Northern Cape?

A
  • Central Orange River

*Orange River Wine Cellars (largest cooperative winery in South Africa)

158
Q

Coastal Region Districts?

A

Cape Town

Darling

Franschhoek Valley

Lutzville Valley

Paarl

Stellenbosch

Swartland

Tulbagh

Wellington

159
Q

Coastal Region Wards?

A

Bamboes Bay

Lamberts Bay

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