Canada and UK Flashcards
When commercially Vinifera Vines got planted in Canada?
In 1970s
What was the most planted grape in Canada in the 70s?
De Chaunac, Baco Noir, Rosette, and Maréchal Foch a French-american hybrid
*Albert Seibel (De Chaunac)
How many wineries were operating in Canada in 1974?
What was the reason for that?
6 wineries
Until 1974 there was a moratorium on wine license
In which year was Inniskilin founded? Where?
1974 in Niagara on the Lake
In which year VQA was approved in Ontario?
When was approved in British Columbia?
1988 in Ontario
1990 in British Columbia
What VQA stands for?
Vintners Quality Alliance
What’s the only hybrid allowed in Canada for the production of ice-wine?
Vidal
*Inniskillin produced their most noteworthy wines from European grapes like Riesling and Cabernet Franc.
It’s VQA legally enforced in Ontario or British Columbia?
It is legally enforced in Ontario,
but it’s voluntary in British Columbia (approved bottlings will always carry the stylized VQA logo)
What is the min percentage of grape originated from the stated province?
100%`
What is the min percentage of grape originated from the appellation?
- 95% British Columbia
- 85% Ontario / (100%) for Ontario sub-appellation
What’s the percentage for vintage and for varietal?
*BC or Ontario it must state vintage (except for sparkling)
- 85% from that year
- 85% from stated varietal
It’s Chaptalisation allowed?
Yes, it is not allowed for Late harvest and ice wine
Which Canadian provinces make wine? W to E
British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia
What’s the capital of British Columbia?
Vancouver
What Border in the south with British Columbia?
US, Washington State
Where is the Hudson Bay?
In the North east of Canada
In the west of Quebec, north of Ontario
Name the three Viticultural Areas of Ontario
Prince Edward County
Niagara Peninsula
Lake Erie North Shore
Which percentage of the wine production of Canada comes from Ontario and British Columbia?
98%
What is the Canada Production if compared to the US one?
2%
Where is the Nova Scotia province?
It’s an Island facing Quebec on the east of Canada, in the Atlantic Ocean
Min ageing for sparkling wine in Canada?
Charmat or Traditional method
- lees : 9 m or 12m (if vintage dated)
Name 3 of the 5 main lakes in the south Of Ontario
Lake Superiore Lake Michigan Lake Huron Lake Erie Lake Ontario
What’s the largest wine province in Canada?
Ontario
Where are the three viticultural ares in Ontario?
What’s the latitude?
The three are all in the south, near the lakes
The regions are all within 41 and 44 latitude
Which varieties are planted the most in Ontario?
Riesling, Chardonnay, CF, PN
Icewine:
When the intent to make must be declared?
At which temperature harvest has to occur?
Intent must be declared to the VQA in November
harvest is at night at -8 degree min
Is any non-vinifera allowed for the production of ice wine?
Vidal
Is cryoextraction allowed in the production of ice wine in Canada?
no, as other artificial concentration method
What’s the min residual sugar for ice wine?
Min RS is 100 g
What was the min RS before 2014?
it was 125 g/l
Can you name the 3 Ontario GIs north to south?
Prince Edward County
Niagara Peninsula,
Lake Erie North Shore
What’s the climate in the Ontario GIs?
It’s a cool continental climate, mitigate by the lakes
Which grapes are the most planted in the Prince Edward County?
PN, CH, Gamay
Which natural features mitigate the climate in the Prince Edward County?
bay of Quinte and Lake Ontario
What’s the soil in Prince Edward County?
Clay to sand over Trenton Limestone
Which grapes are planted in the Lake Erie North Shore?
Predominantly red grapes.
Merlot, CF, CS
Does Lake Erie North Shore has any sub app?
- South Islands
It does contain 9 Islands including Pelee Island
What is Pelee Island?
It used to be a Gi of Ontario but it was unregulated in 2013. It is now a sub appellation included in the South Island sub app of Lake Erie North Shore
Where is the Niagara Peninsula?
It’s just North east of Toronto, with the Lake Ontario on the east
Which are the Regional appellations of Niagara Peninsula?
Which one is on the east?
Niagara Escarpment is the westernmost,
Niagara on the Lake
Name the sub app of Niagara on the lake
N to south and the easternmost at the end
Niagara on the lake is on the east of the Niagara Peninsula with 4 sub app within: N lakeshore, Four mile creek, St David's Bench and Niagara River on the east
Name the sub appellations of Niagara Escarpment West to east
Where are they located ?
Niagara Escarpement is on the west of the Niagara Peninsula.
The 3 sub appellations are located just in the middle part, with the other regional sub appellation in the north and in the south
W to E are Beamsville Bench, Twenty mile Bench, Short Hills Bench
Name the regional sub-appellations of Niagara Peninsula?
3:
Vinemount Ridge
Creek Shores
Lincoln Lakeshore
What are the main grapes planted in the Niagara Peninsula?
Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Gamay, CF
What is the region internationally acclaimed for?
Icewine
When did Inniskilin made its first Icewine? Which grape was used?
In 1984.
Vidal was the main grape
In which year the Inniskilin ice wine received a critical acclaim?
1991
Inniskilin ice wine won a trophy at the vinexpo
Where is British Columbia?
BC is located in the western part of Canada
What’s the capital of British Columbia?
Vancouver
When did winemaking start in British Columbia?
in 1859, French Catholic Missionary established the first winery
What is the BCWA? In which year was created?
BCWA is the British Columbia wine Authority
It was created in 1990
What are the government requirement in British Columbia to allow a winery to sell to consumers?
The government requires a winery to own at least 4 acres of land and a dedicated winemaking facility before it can sell to consumers
Name the 9 designated viticultural areas in British Columbia
- British Columbia GI
- Fraser Valley GI
- Gulf Islands GI
- Kootenays GI (est 2018)
- Lillooet GI (est 2018)
- Okanagan Valley GI
- Similkameen Valley GI
- Thomson Valley GI (est 2018)
- Vancouver Island GI
Cowichan Valley GI (est. 2020)
At which latitude Okanagan Valley sits?
One of the Northernmost wine region at 49 parallel
What percentage of British Columbia wine originates from Okanagan Valley?
84%
If you could describe Okanagan Valley, how would you?
It’s a narrow valley between Cascade Mountains and Monashee Mountains.
Wine regions are bordering the lakes.
What’s the climate in the Okanagan Valley?
It’s a continental climate mitigated by the lakes. The main lake is Lake Okanagan.
What’s the main climate hazard for viticulture?
The extremely cold winters
What’s mostly planted in Okanagan Valley?
1/2 white and 1/2 red
PG, CH, PB
PN, Merlot
What’s the soil of Okanagan Valley?
It’s a sandy loam
Name the subzones of Okanagan Valley
Golden Mile GI (est. 2014)
Okanagan Falls GI (est 2018)
Naramata Bench (est 2019)
Skaha Bench (est 2019)
What’s mostly planted in Similkameen Valley?
Mostly Bordeaux varietals and CH
What’s mostly produced in Nova Scotia?
White Wine only
Riesling, Pinot Blanc, Chasselas
How many regions in Quebec ?
5 Eastern Townships Montérégie Ouest-du-Québec Centre-du-Québec Est-du-Québec
What is the Escarpment in the Niagara Escarpment?
It’s a 650 miles long limestone ridge
It creates air-circulation which extends growing seasons
What is the Vin de curé?
Official wine category in Canada for a sweet wine that are similar Strohwein. It must be produced from naturally dried grapes (for example by spreading on straw mats). The minimum must weight must be 32 ° Brix.
Who brought the winemaking in the UK?
Romans
What was “British Wine” ?
It was a sweet fortified Port or Sherry style made from imported grapes (table wine)
Who is Ray Brock? What he is recognised for?
He was responsible for setting up the Oxted Research Institute at his own expense. (in Surrey)
The Nursery had 600 vine varieties
What is Hambledon Winery recognised for?
It’s UK first winery. East in 1952 in Hampshire
What are the Official wine regions ?
East Anglia (Norfolk and Suffolk) Surrey. Kent. Sussex. Hampshire. South West (Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, Cornwall)
Is Chaptalisation allowed in Uk wines?
Yes, up to 3% (3.5% in abnormal years)
At which latitude are the UK wine regions located?
- 5
However Vineyards even in Yorkshire
What’s the majority of the production in the Uk wine industry?
65% of the wine production is focused on SPK
What are the issues and the main diseases?
A common issue is the ripeness
A common disease is Rot
Which climatic feature influences the UK climate?
The Gulf Stream
What’s the climate in the Uk Southern Wine Regions?
What’s the main issue from that? Which recent vintage has been particularly affected?
It’s a Maritime climate.
It is characterised by high volume of summer rainfall.
It can disrupt flowering.
2012 vintage dropped by 2/3
Where are the majority of the vineyards and winery located in the UK?
80% in the South-east
12% in the East Anglia
At which altitude are the majority of the vineyards located?
Less than 100 mt
Where is Wales?
It’s in the West
What are the appellations category for UK wine?
PDO -> Quality Wines
PGI -> Regional Wines
- PDO and PGI wines must have a full post bottling analysis and pass a tasting panel (or win an award at a recognized competition). These are established via the UK Vineyards Association (UKVA) and the UK Government’s Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA).[23]
Which grape was planted in the first winery in the UK?
In the Hambledon Vineyard in the Hampshire, Seyval Blanc was the grape that was planted in the 50s.
The vineyard has been replanted.
What’s the most planted varietal in the east Anglia?
Bacchus
What’s the Bacchus parentage?
crossing of Silvaner x Riesling with Müller-Thurgau
What’s the soil in Sussex?
South Downs
Range of Chalk hill
What’s most planted in Sussex?
Bacchus (for still wine)
CH, PN, PM for SPK
Name an important producer of Sussex?
Nyetimber
Where are the White Cliffs of Dover?
In Kent
What’s the soil in Kent?
Some South Downs (chalk)
Chalk and limestone
What’s mostly planted in Kent?
Ch, Pn,
Bacchus and Ortega
Which Champagne producer purchased vineyards in Kent in 2015?
Taittinger
What’s the soil profile of Surrey?
It’s a chalky soil from ancient marine fossils
Which iconic UK producer has a partnership in Surrey with Pommery?
`Hattingley Valley
What is Darnibole PDO?
What’s for?
It’s Uk first PDO. Approved in 2017
It’s a single vineyard monopole of Camel Valley Vineyard for 100% Bacchus
What’s the soil of Darnibole PDO?
Devonian Slate marked by sandy-alluvial soils deposited by an old path of the Camel River.
Where is the Adgestone Vineyard?
In the Isle of Wight
Main white and red grape varieties?
- W: Seyval blanc was the most grown variety, with Reichensteiner next, with Müller-Thurgau and then Bacchus, Chardonnay, Madeleine Angevine, Schönburger, Huxelrebe and Ortega
- R: Dornfelder, Pinot Meunier, Pinot noir, Rondo
UK main producers?
- Nytimber (Kent)
- Gusbourne (Kent)
- Ridgeview Estate (Sussex)
- Davenport (Kent)
- Camel Valley (Cornwall)
- Denbies (Surrey)
Who is the largest English wine producer?
Nytimber
171 ha
Authorised grapes in Uk for sparkling wine?
Sparkling Wine: Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir Précoce, Meunier, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris
