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Chile Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Chile region DOs

A

Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Central Valley, Southern Region/Sur, Austral

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2
Q

Atacama subregion DOs

A

Copiapo Valley, Hausco Valley

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3
Q

Coquimbo subregion DOs

A

Elqui Valley, Limari Valley, Choapa Valley

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4
Q

Aconcagua subregion DOs

A

Aconcagua Valley, Casablanaca Valley, San Antonio Valley

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5
Q

San Antonio DO zones

A

Leyda Valley, Lo Abarca

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6
Q

Central Valley subregion DOs

A

Maipo Valley, Rapel Valley, Curico Valley, Maule Valley

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7
Q

Rapel Valley DO zones

A

Cachapoal Valley, Colchagua Valley

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8
Q

Curico Valley DO zones

A

Teno Valley, Lontué Valley

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9
Q

Maule Valley DO zones

A

Claro Valley, Loncomilla Valley, Tutuven Valley

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10
Q

Southern Regions/Sur subregion DOs

A

Itata Valley, Bio Bio Valley, Malleco Valley

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11
Q

Austral subregion DOs

A

Cautin Valley, Osorno Valley

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12
Q

Chile northmost and souhmost wine regions

A

North: Copiapo Valley in Atacama.

South: Osorno Valley in the Austral

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13
Q

Copiapo Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Atacama DO

Northmost wine region in Chile

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14
Q

Hausco Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Atacama DO

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15
Q

Elqui Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Coquimbo DO (& AR), along the Elqui River. Major towns: La Serena. Very dry, high altitude, some of the highest vineyards in Chile, reach 1900 mt. Syrah, CS, SB. Location of several international observatories, Earth’s strongest magnetic force found here.

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16
Q

Limari Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Coquimbo DO along the Limari river. Major town: Ovalle. Hot and dry, rare Limestone near the cool coast good for Chard. Also Syrah here. Birthplace of Chilean Pisco

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17
Q

Choapa Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Coquimbo DO (& AR), along the Choapa river, Major towns: Illapel. No wineries in the area. CS, Syrah

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18
Q

Aconcagua Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in the Aconcagua DO, along the Aconcagua river.
Major towns: Los Andes, San Felipe, Valparaiso.
CS, Syrah, Carmenere, Sauvignon Blanc

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19
Q

Aconcagua Valley important DO areas

A

Major Towns: San Felipe, Los Andes

  • Costa: Quillota
  • Entre Cordilleras: Hijuelas, Catemu, Panquehue, Llaillay, San Felipe
  • Andes: Santa María, Calle Larga, San Esteban
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20
Q

Casablanca Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Aconcagua DO, all Costa. Major towns: Casablanca.
Mostly whites: SB, Chard, also PN

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21
Q

San Antonio Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Aconcagua DO
2 DO zones: Leyda Valley, Lo Abarca.
Major towns: San Antonio.
Mostly whites: SB, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay

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22
Q

Maipo Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in the Central Valley DO.
Major towns: Santiago (nation’s capital). All EC and Andes, unoffcial subzones: Alto Maipo (above 400-600m), Medio Maipo, Maipo Costa/Maipo Baja (low lying areas in the SW).
Half planted to CS, especially in the Alto and more Carmenere in the Medio

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23
Q

Maipo Valley important DO areas

A
  • Entre Cordilleras: Isla de Maipo, Talagante, Melipilla, Alhué, María Pinto, Colina, Calera de Tango, Til Til, Lampa
  • Andes: Santiago, Pirque, Puente Alto, Buin
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24
Q

Rapel Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in the Central Valley DO.
2 DO zones: Cachapoal Valley, Colchagua Valley.
Major towns: Rancagua, San Fernando. Largest acreage in Chile
Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay

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25
Q

Curico Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in the Central Valley DO.
2 DO zones: Teno Valley, Lontue Valley
Major towns: Curico.
Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Chardonnay, Carmenère

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26
Q

Maule Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in the Central Valley DO
3 DO zones: Claro Valley, Loncomilla Valley, Tutuven Valley.
Major towns: Talca, Linares, Caquenes.
Coastal and Andes begin to diminish in size here. Many vineyards are dry-farmed or use traditional furrow irrigation.
Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, País, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Carmenère, Chardonnay, Syrah

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27
Q

Itata Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Sur DO.
Major towns: Concepcion, Chillan. One of Chile’s most historic wine regions, the center of the wine industry in the 1800s. Pais most planted, sometimes 100 yo, bush vines common, almost everything is dry farmed. Old vine Moscatel de Alejandria and Cinsault from the rebuild after the 1939 Chilean earthquake. Small family plots.

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28
Q

Bio Bio Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in Sur DO.
Major towns: Los Angeles.
Pinot Noir, País, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

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29
Q

Malleco Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in the Sur DO.
Major towns: Traguien, Angol.
Cool, rainy, windy, semi-continental climate.
Pinot Noir, País, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

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30
Q

Cautin Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in the Austral

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31
Q

Osorno Valley

A

Chile subregional DO in the Austral, southmost wine region in Chile

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32
Q

When did winemaking arrive in Chile? Argentina?

A

From Mexico, the earliest bastion of viticulture in the Americas, the vine spread southward through other Spanish colonies, from Peru to Chile and Argentina by 1560.

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33
Q

Claudio Gay

A

Frenchman, arrived in Chile in 1830 set up a Chilean repository of pre-phylloxera Vitis vinifera vines at the University of Chile’s Quinta Normal department

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34
Q

Only country to remain 100% Phylloxera free

A

Chile

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35
Q

Mission grape synonim?

A

Listan Prieto (Spain), Pais (Chile), Criolla Chica (Argentina).

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36
Q

Chile Climate

A

Maritime. Climate varies drastically as one moves up and down the coast line and inland from the coast

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37
Q

Humboldt

A

Cool maritime current from the Pacific and brings cool air into the Chilean Coastline and the Entre Cordilleras where river valleys break up the Coastal Ranges

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38
Q

Chilean Wine Law

A

Est in 1995. The 75% rule: vintage, varietal, DO. many producers comply with the EU 85% standard for exporting. Select varieties permitted, Hybrids forbidden. min 11.5% abv

39
Q

Atacama climate

A

Desert, most suitable for distillate (Pisco). Irrigation is required

40
Q

Aconcagua DO climate

A

Sunny, dry, hot. Alluvial soils. Mostly reds: CS, Merlot

41
Q

Aconcagua producers

A

Errázuriz (Panquehue), Seña, Von Siebenthal

42
Q

Chile DO system

A

(1995) 4 tiers: Region, Subregion, Zone, Area. Areas cover a single entire comune.
Revised in 2012 to include Costa, Entre Cordilleras, and Andes. Every Area resides in one of the 3 sectors and larger DOs can be labeled provided 85% of grapes sourced from the specific area.

43
Q

Pipeño?

A

Occasionally fizzy, often very fresh pipeños are deliciously drinkable, best chilled, and sometimes made from 100-, 200-, or 300-year old País vines

44
Q

Seña?

A

Bordeaux Blend from Aconcagua Valley DO. A joint project between the Errazuriz family of Aconcagua Valley and Robert Mondavi, beat out Lafite and Margaux at the 2004 Berlin Tasting

45
Q

Berlin Tasting

A

In 2004, Eduardo Chadwick (Errazuriz) modeled a tasting after the Judgement in Paris pitting Chilean wines against Old World counterparts. Seña (Errazuriz-Mondavi Bordeaux blend from Aconcagua Valley) and Viñedo Chadwick (100% CS from Maipo Valley) beat out Lafite and Margaux

46
Q

Casablanca producers

A

Casas del Bosque, Morandé, Veramonte

47
Q

Leyda Valley

A

Región Vitícola: Aconcagua
Subregion: Valle de San Antonio
DO Areas: San Juan, Santo Domingo (both Costa)

*Known for SB.

48
Q

Lo Abraca

A

Chile DO zone in central San Antonio, cooler, more maritime than Leyda with calcareous, granitic soil. (Matetic as producer)

49
Q

San Antonio producers

A

Leyda, Casa Marin, Matetic

50
Q

Central Valley climate

A

warm, mediterranean

51
Q

Puente Alto

A

Chile DO area in Maipo Valley Andes, directly NE of Santiago. Home to the vineyards supplying Don Melchor, Vinedo Chadwick, and Almaviva. Gravel soils

52
Q

Maipo Valley producers

A

Almaviva, Antiyal, Carmen, Cono Sur, Santa Carolina, Santa Rita, Vina Aquitania, Vinedo Chadwick

53
Q

Vinedo Chadwick

A

100% CS, Puente Alto DO, Maipo. Errazuriz. Beat out Lafite and Margaux at the 2004 Berlin Tasting

54
Q

Don Melchor

A

Varietal CS, Don Melchor Vineyard, Puente Alto DO, Maipo. Concha Y Toro

55
Q

Almaviva

A

CS dominant Bordeaux blend w/ 15-30% Carm. Maipo DO. A joint venture between Concha Y Toro and Baron Philippe de Rothschild (Mouton)

56
Q

Antiyal

A

Producer and name of their Prestige wine: Carmenere dominant blend + CS, Syrah in Maipo DO

57
Q

Cachapoal Valley

A

Chile DO zone in Rapel Valley. Between Maipo (N) and Colchagua (S), boxed in by the Coastal Ranges, no Costa, warmer than both.

Carm, + CS, Syrah.

*Important area: Peumo DO especially for Carmenere

58
Q

Peumo

A

Chile DO Area in Cachapoal, Rapel Valley. Carmenere, home to Santa Carolina’s “Herencia” and Concha y Toro’s “Carmín de Peumo”

59
Q

Herencia

A

Carmenere, Peumo DO, Santa Carolina

60
Q

Carmin de Peumo

A

Varietal Carmenere to CS, CF, Peumo DO, Concha Y Toro

61
Q

Cachapoal producers

A

Santa Carolina’s “Herencia” and Concha y Toro’s “Carmín de Peumo,” Altair, Clos de Fous

62
Q

Colchagua Valley

A

Chile DO zone in the Rapel Valley.

Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

*Important areas: Apalta (EC), Los Lingues (Andes), Marchingue (EC), Lolol (Costa), San Fernando (Andes), Chimbarongo (Andes)

63
Q

Colchagua producers

A

Casa Silva, Cono Sur, Casa Lapostolle, Los Vascos, Vina Montes

64
Q

Apalta

A

Chile DO area in Colchagua Valley, EC. In the Coastal Ranges on granitic hills, slightly cooler. CS, Carm, Syrah. Home to Lapostolle’s “Clos Apalta” and Montes’ “Alpha Montes” recent new investment but old vines from the 1920’s here as well

65
Q

Clos Apalta

A

Carmenere + Cab Sav, Merlot and Petit Verdot

  • Apalta, Colchagua Valley DO
  • Lapostolle
66
Q

Alpha Montes

A

Bordeaux blend (Cabernet Savignon base)

  • Apalta, Colchagua Valley DO
  • Montes
67
Q

Purple Angel

A

Carmenere + Petit Verdot

  • Apalta & Marchigue vineyards, Colchagua DO.
  • Montes
68
Q

Casa Real

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

  • Maipo Valley DO
  • Santa Rita
69
Q

Curico producers

A

Echeverria, San Pedro (Chile’s 2nd largest wine producer), Miguel Torres and his 100-year-old CS “Manso de Velasco” plot

70
Q

VIGNO?

A

After the devastating 2010 earthquake along the Maule coast. Producers in western Maule dedicated to the preservation of old-vine Carignan planted here during rebuilding after the devastating 1939 Chilean earthquake.

71
Q

Cabeza?

A

“head-trained” bush vines in Chile (Old vine Carignan)

72
Q

VIGNO rules

A

To list VIGNO on the label: grapes from the delimited area in the western Maule. Min 85% Carignan (min 35 ys), it must be dry-farmed, head-trained with min 2 years aging.

73
Q

Maule producers

A

The Garage Wine Co., Gilmore (both Vigno members)

74
Q

Malleco producers

A

Viña Aquitania’s “Sol de Sol” wines and Pedro Parra’s Clos des Fous

75
Q

Austral DO producers

A

Colchagua-based Casa Silva was the first to use Austral DO on a label, for wines from its “Lago Ranco” vineyards, 900 km south of Santiago

*SB, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir

76
Q

World’s southmost vineyard

A

An experimental plot on the edge of the glacial Lake General Carrera and the Chilean tundra. Here, in the commune of Chile Chico, Undurraga’s Rafael Urrejola challenges all conventional thinking, growing grapes at the 46th parallel, but he has not yet to release a commercial vintage.

77
Q

Viña Aquitania in Maipo?

A

Bruno Prats (former owner of Château Cos d’Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (former managing director of Château Margaux) launched Viña Aquitania in 1990

78
Q

What is the min abv for Chilean wines labeled “Reserva” and Reserva Especial”?

“Reserva Privada” and “Gran Reserva”?

Which require time in oak?

A
  • “Reserva” and “Reserva Especial” - min 12% abv
  • “Reserva Privada” and “Gran Reserva” - min 12.5% abv
  • “Reserva Especial” and “Gran Reserva” require time in oak
79
Q

In 2011, the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture amended wine law to support 3 new geographic terms to be appended to existing DOs, what are they?

What percentage is required?

A
  • Costa
  • Entre Cordilleras (“Between Mountains”)
  • Andes
  • To qualify, 85% of the grapes must be harvested in the appropriate region
80
Q

What air system cools the vines in Chile?

A

The Humboldt Current

81
Q

The Friulano grape is a major grape of Chile, but it’s not called Friulano there. It’s called what, due to its false identification as Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Sauvignon Vert

82
Q

What two mountain ranges are in Chile?

A

The Coastal Ranges and the Andes

83
Q

Who makes the following wines, what are the varietals:

Don Melchor?

Viñedo Chadwick?

Almaviva?

Where are these produced?

A
  • Concha y Toro “Don Melchor” Cab Sauv
  • Errázuriz “Viñedo Chadwick” Cab Sauv
  • “Almaviva” is a joint project between Baron Philippe de Rothschild and Concha y Toro - Bordeaux blend

Puente Alto subregion of the Maipo Valley

84
Q

Vina Santa Rita

Established?

Location?

A

Est 1880

Located in Maipo Valley, Chile

85
Q

Vina Errazuriz

established?

located?

A

est 1870

locaed in Panquehue, Aconcagua Valley, Chile

86
Q

Vina San Pedro

established?

located?

A

est 1865

located in Molina, Curico Valley, Chile

87
Q

Vina Concha y Toro

established?

located?

A

est 1883

located in Pirque, Maipo Valley, Chile

88
Q

Vina Santa Carolina

established?

located?

A

est 1875

located in Santiago, Chile

89
Q

Cousino-Macul

established?

located?

A

est 1856

located in Penalolen, Maipo Valley, Chile

90
Q

Valle del Lontué Do areas?

A

Región Vitícola: Valle Central
Subregion: Valle de Curicó

  • Entre Cordilleras: Sagrada Familia
  • Andes: Molina
91
Q

Valle del Teno Do areas?

A

Región Vitícola: Valle Central
Subregion: Valle de Curicó

  • Costa: Vichuquén, Licantén
  • Entre Cordilleras: Rauco
  • Andes: Romeral
92
Q

Valle del Maule Do areas (Valle Central)?

A
  • Costa: Empedrado, Curepto
  • Entre Cordilleras: Talca, Pencahue, San Rafael, San Javier, Villa Alegre, Parral, Linares, Longaví, Retiro, Cauquenes
  • Andes: San Clemente, Colbún
93
Q

Valle de Colchagua Do areas? (Rapel DO)

A
  • Costa: Lolol, Litueche, Paredones, Pumanque
  • Entre Cordilleras: Nancagua, Santa Cruz, Apalta, Palmilla, Peralillo, Marchigüe, La Estrella
  • Andes: San Fernando, Chimbarongo, Los Lingues
94
Q

Valle del Cachapoal Do areas? (Rapel DO)

A
  • Entre Cordilleras: Rancagua, Peumo, Coltauco

* Andes: Requínoa, Rengo, Machalí

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