Chile Flashcards
Chile region DOs
Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Central Valley, Southern Region/Sur, Austral
Atacama subregion DOs
Copiapo Valley, Hausco Valley
Coquimbo subregion DOs
Elqui Valley, Limari Valley, Choapa Valley
Aconcagua subregion DOs
Aconcagua Valley, Casablanaca Valley, San Antonio Valley
San Antonio DO zones
Leyda Valley, Lo Abarca
Central Valley subregion DOs
Maipo Valley, Rapel Valley, Curico Valley, Maule Valley
Rapel Valley DO zones
Cachapoal Valley, Colchagua Valley
Curico Valley DO zones
Teno Valley, Lontué Valley
Maule Valley DO zones
Claro Valley, Loncomilla Valley, Tutuven Valley
Southern Regions/Sur subregion DOs
Itata Valley, Bio Bio Valley, Malleco Valley
Austral subregion DOs
Cautin Valley, Osorno Valley
Chile northmost and souhmost wine regions
North: Copiapo Valley in Atacama.
South: Osorno Valley in the Austral
Copiapo Valley
Chile subregional DO in Atacama DO
Northmost wine region in Chile
Hausco Valley
Chile subregional DO in Atacama DO
Elqui Valley
Chile subregional DO in Coquimbo DO (& AR), along the Elqui River. Major towns: La Serena. Very dry, high altitude, some of the highest vineyards in Chile, reach 1900 mt. Syrah, CS, SB. Location of several international observatories, Earth’s strongest magnetic force found here.
Limari Valley
Chile subregional DO in Coquimbo DO along the Limari river. Major town: Ovalle. Hot and dry, rare Limestone near the cool coast good for Chard. Also Syrah here. Birthplace of Chilean Pisco
Choapa Valley
Chile subregional DO in Coquimbo DO (& AR), along the Choapa river, Major towns: Illapel. No wineries in the area. CS, Syrah
Aconcagua Valley
Chile subregional DO in the Aconcagua DO, along the Aconcagua river.
Major towns: Los Andes, San Felipe, Valparaiso.
CS, Syrah, Carmenere, Sauvignon Blanc
Aconcagua Valley important DO areas
Major Towns: San Felipe, Los Andes
- Costa: Quillota
- Entre Cordilleras: Hijuelas, Catemu, Panquehue, Llaillay, San Felipe
- Andes: Santa María, Calle Larga, San Esteban
Casablanca Valley
Chile subregional DO in Aconcagua DO, all Costa. Major towns: Casablanca.
Mostly whites: SB, Chard, also PN
San Antonio Valley
Chile subregional DO in Aconcagua DO
2 DO zones: Leyda Valley, Lo Abarca.
Major towns: San Antonio.
Mostly whites: SB, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay
Maipo Valley
Chile subregional DO in the Central Valley DO.
Major towns: Santiago (nation’s capital). All EC and Andes, unoffcial subzones: Alto Maipo (above 400-600m), Medio Maipo, Maipo Costa/Maipo Baja (low lying areas in the SW).
Half planted to CS, especially in the Alto and more Carmenere in the Medio
Maipo Valley important DO areas
- Entre Cordilleras: Isla de Maipo, Talagante, Melipilla, Alhué, María Pinto, Colina, Calera de Tango, Til Til, Lampa
- Andes: Santiago, Pirque, Puente Alto, Buin
Rapel Valley
Chile subregional DO in the Central Valley DO.
2 DO zones: Cachapoal Valley, Colchagua Valley.
Major towns: Rancagua, San Fernando. Largest acreage in Chile
Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay
Curico Valley
Chile subregional DO in the Central Valley DO.
2 DO zones: Teno Valley, Lontue Valley
Major towns: Curico.
Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Chardonnay, Carmenère
Maule Valley
Chile subregional DO in the Central Valley DO
3 DO zones: Claro Valley, Loncomilla Valley, Tutuven Valley.
Major towns: Talca, Linares, Caquenes.
Coastal and Andes begin to diminish in size here. Many vineyards are dry-farmed or use traditional furrow irrigation.
Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, País, Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot, Carmenère, Chardonnay, Syrah
Itata Valley
Chile subregional DO in Sur DO.
Major towns: Concepcion, Chillan. One of Chile’s most historic wine regions, the center of the wine industry in the 1800s. Pais most planted, sometimes 100 yo, bush vines common, almost everything is dry farmed. Old vine Moscatel de Alejandria and Cinsault from the rebuild after the 1939 Chilean earthquake. Small family plots.
Bio Bio Valley
Chile subregional DO in Sur DO.
Major towns: Los Angeles.
Pinot Noir, País, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
Malleco Valley
Chile subregional DO in the Sur DO.
Major towns: Traguien, Angol.
Cool, rainy, windy, semi-continental climate.
Pinot Noir, País, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
Cautin Valley
Chile subregional DO in the Austral
Osorno Valley
Chile subregional DO in the Austral, southmost wine region in Chile
When did winemaking arrive in Chile? Argentina?
From Mexico, the earliest bastion of viticulture in the Americas, the vine spread southward through other Spanish colonies, from Peru to Chile and Argentina by 1560.
Claudio Gay
Frenchman, arrived in Chile in 1830 set up a Chilean repository of pre-phylloxera Vitis vinifera vines at the University of Chile’s Quinta Normal department
Only country to remain 100% Phylloxera free
Chile
Mission grape synonim?
Listan Prieto (Spain), Pais (Chile), Criolla Chica (Argentina).
Chile Climate
Maritime. Climate varies drastically as one moves up and down the coast line and inland from the coast
Humboldt
Cool maritime current from the Pacific and brings cool air into the Chilean Coastline and the Entre Cordilleras where river valleys break up the Coastal Ranges
Chilean Wine Law
Est in 1995. The 75% rule: vintage, varietal, DO. many producers comply with the EU 85% standard for exporting. Select varieties permitted, Hybrids forbidden. min 11.5% abv
Atacama climate
Desert, most suitable for distillate (Pisco). Irrigation is required
Aconcagua DO climate
Sunny, dry, hot. Alluvial soils. Mostly reds: CS, Merlot
Aconcagua producers
Errázuriz (Panquehue), Seña, Von Siebenthal
Chile DO system
(1995) 4 tiers: Region, Subregion, Zone, Area. Areas cover a single entire comune.
Revised in 2012 to include Costa, Entre Cordilleras, and Andes. Every Area resides in one of the 3 sectors and larger DOs can be labeled provided 85% of grapes sourced from the specific area.
Pipeño?
Occasionally fizzy, often very fresh pipeños are deliciously drinkable, best chilled, and sometimes made from 100-, 200-, or 300-year old País vines
Seña?
Bordeaux Blend from Aconcagua Valley DO. A joint project between the Errazuriz family of Aconcagua Valley and Robert Mondavi, beat out Lafite and Margaux at the 2004 Berlin Tasting
Berlin Tasting
In 2004, Eduardo Chadwick (Errazuriz) modeled a tasting after the Judgement in Paris pitting Chilean wines against Old World counterparts. Seña (Errazuriz-Mondavi Bordeaux blend from Aconcagua Valley) and Viñedo Chadwick (100% CS from Maipo Valley) beat out Lafite and Margaux
Casablanca producers
Casas del Bosque, Morandé, Veramonte
Leyda Valley
Región Vitícola: Aconcagua
Subregion: Valle de San Antonio
DO Areas: San Juan, Santo Domingo (both Costa)
*Known for SB.
Lo Abraca
Chile DO zone in central San Antonio, cooler, more maritime than Leyda with calcareous, granitic soil. (Matetic as producer)
San Antonio producers
Leyda, Casa Marin, Matetic
Central Valley climate
warm, mediterranean
Puente Alto
Chile DO area in Maipo Valley Andes, directly NE of Santiago. Home to the vineyards supplying Don Melchor, Vinedo Chadwick, and Almaviva. Gravel soils
Maipo Valley producers
Almaviva, Antiyal, Carmen, Cono Sur, Santa Carolina, Santa Rita, Vina Aquitania, Vinedo Chadwick
Vinedo Chadwick
100% CS, Puente Alto DO, Maipo. Errazuriz. Beat out Lafite and Margaux at the 2004 Berlin Tasting
Don Melchor
Varietal CS, Don Melchor Vineyard, Puente Alto DO, Maipo. Concha Y Toro
Almaviva
CS dominant Bordeaux blend w/ 15-30% Carm. Maipo DO. A joint venture between Concha Y Toro and Baron Philippe de Rothschild (Mouton)
Antiyal
Producer and name of their Prestige wine: Carmenere dominant blend + CS, Syrah in Maipo DO
Cachapoal Valley
Chile DO zone in Rapel Valley. Between Maipo (N) and Colchagua (S), boxed in by the Coastal Ranges, no Costa, warmer than both.
Carm, + CS, Syrah.
*Important area: Peumo DO especially for Carmenere
Peumo
Chile DO Area in Cachapoal, Rapel Valley. Carmenere, home to Santa Carolina’s “Herencia” and Concha y Toro’s “Carmín de Peumo”
Herencia
Carmenere, Peumo DO, Santa Carolina
Carmin de Peumo
Varietal Carmenere to CS, CF, Peumo DO, Concha Y Toro
Cachapoal producers
Santa Carolina’s “Herencia” and Concha y Toro’s “Carmín de Peumo,” Altair, Clos de Fous
Colchagua Valley
Chile DO zone in the Rapel Valley.
Major Grapes: Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère, Merlot, Syrah, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
*Important areas: Apalta (EC), Los Lingues (Andes), Marchingue (EC), Lolol (Costa), San Fernando (Andes), Chimbarongo (Andes)
Colchagua producers
Casa Silva, Cono Sur, Casa Lapostolle, Los Vascos, Vina Montes
Apalta
Chile DO area in Colchagua Valley, EC. In the Coastal Ranges on granitic hills, slightly cooler. CS, Carm, Syrah. Home to Lapostolle’s “Clos Apalta” and Montes’ “Alpha Montes” recent new investment but old vines from the 1920’s here as well
Clos Apalta
Carmenere + Cab Sav, Merlot and Petit Verdot
- Apalta, Colchagua Valley DO
- Lapostolle
Alpha Montes
Bordeaux blend (Cabernet Savignon base)
- Apalta, Colchagua Valley DO
- Montes
Purple Angel
Carmenere + Petit Verdot
- Apalta & Marchigue vineyards, Colchagua DO.
- Montes
Casa Real
Cabernet Sauvignon
- Maipo Valley DO
- Santa Rita
Curico producers
Echeverria, San Pedro (Chile’s 2nd largest wine producer), Miguel Torres and his 100-year-old CS “Manso de Velasco” plot
VIGNO?
After the devastating 2010 earthquake along the Maule coast. Producers in western Maule dedicated to the preservation of old-vine Carignan planted here during rebuilding after the devastating 1939 Chilean earthquake.
Cabeza?
“head-trained” bush vines in Chile (Old vine Carignan)
VIGNO rules
To list VIGNO on the label: grapes from the delimited area in the western Maule. Min 85% Carignan (min 35 ys), it must be dry-farmed, head-trained with min 2 years aging.
Maule producers
The Garage Wine Co., Gilmore (both Vigno members)
Malleco producers
Viña Aquitania’s “Sol de Sol” wines and Pedro Parra’s Clos des Fous
Austral DO producers
Colchagua-based Casa Silva was the first to use Austral DO on a label, for wines from its “Lago Ranco” vineyards, 900 km south of Santiago
*SB, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir
World’s southmost vineyard
An experimental plot on the edge of the glacial Lake General Carrera and the Chilean tundra. Here, in the commune of Chile Chico, Undurraga’s Rafael Urrejola challenges all conventional thinking, growing grapes at the 46th parallel, but he has not yet to release a commercial vintage.
Viña Aquitania in Maipo?
Bruno Prats (former owner of Château Cos d’Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (former managing director of Château Margaux) launched Viña Aquitania in 1990
What is the min abv for Chilean wines labeled “Reserva” and Reserva Especial”?
“Reserva Privada” and “Gran Reserva”?
Which require time in oak?
- “Reserva” and “Reserva Especial” - min 12% abv
- “Reserva Privada” and “Gran Reserva” - min 12.5% abv
- “Reserva Especial” and “Gran Reserva” require time in oak
In 2011, the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture amended wine law to support 3 new geographic terms to be appended to existing DOs, what are they?
What percentage is required?
- Costa
- Entre Cordilleras (“Between Mountains”)
- Andes
- To qualify, 85% of the grapes must be harvested in the appropriate region
What air system cools the vines in Chile?
The Humboldt Current
The Friulano grape is a major grape of Chile, but it’s not called Friulano there. It’s called what, due to its false identification as Sauvignon Blanc?
Sauvignon Vert
What two mountain ranges are in Chile?
The Coastal Ranges and the Andes
Who makes the following wines, what are the varietals:
Don Melchor?
Viñedo Chadwick?
Almaviva?
Where are these produced?
- Concha y Toro “Don Melchor” Cab Sauv
- Errázuriz “Viñedo Chadwick” Cab Sauv
- “Almaviva” is a joint project between Baron Philippe de Rothschild and Concha y Toro - Bordeaux blend
Puente Alto subregion of the Maipo Valley
Vina Santa Rita
Established?
Location?
Est 1880
Located in Maipo Valley, Chile
Vina Errazuriz
established?
located?
est 1870
locaed in Panquehue, Aconcagua Valley, Chile
Vina San Pedro
established?
located?
est 1865
located in Molina, Curico Valley, Chile
Vina Concha y Toro
established?
located?
est 1883
located in Pirque, Maipo Valley, Chile
Vina Santa Carolina
established?
located?
est 1875
located in Santiago, Chile
Cousino-Macul
established?
located?
est 1856
located in Penalolen, Maipo Valley, Chile
Valle del Lontué Do areas?
Región Vitícola: Valle Central
Subregion: Valle de Curicó
- Entre Cordilleras: Sagrada Familia
- Andes: Molina
Valle del Teno Do areas?
Región Vitícola: Valle Central
Subregion: Valle de Curicó
- Costa: Vichuquén, Licantén
- Entre Cordilleras: Rauco
- Andes: Romeral
Valle del Maule Do areas (Valle Central)?
- Costa: Empedrado, Curepto
- Entre Cordilleras: Talca, Pencahue, San Rafael, San Javier, Villa Alegre, Parral, Linares, Longaví, Retiro, Cauquenes
- Andes: San Clemente, Colbún
Valle de Colchagua Do areas? (Rapel DO)
- Costa: Lolol, Litueche, Paredones, Pumanque
- Entre Cordilleras: Nancagua, Santa Cruz, Apalta, Palmilla, Peralillo, Marchigüe, La Estrella
- Andes: San Fernando, Chimbarongo, Los Lingues
Valle del Cachapoal Do areas? (Rapel DO)
- Entre Cordilleras: Rancagua, Peumo, Coltauco
* Andes: Requínoa, Rengo, Machalí