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Australia Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are two key factors in South Australia’s rise to prominence?

A

1- Phylloxera (confined only to Victoria and New South Wales, led way for South Australia to emerge as the largest region of production) 2- Creation of the Commonwealth of Australia (federation brought a relaxation of the interstate trade barriers)

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2
Q

Who developed bag-in-the-box technology?

A

Australians

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3
Q

What two Adelaide based centers have helped to improve Austrialia’s understanding of wine?

A

The Australian Wine Research Institute and the Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)

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4
Q

Who did ‘flying winemakers’ originally refer to?

A

Winemakers from Australia

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5
Q

Who developed the counterintuitive technique of minimal (zero) pruning?

A

CSIRO

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6
Q

When was ‘Grange’ debuted? Who was the winemaker? Who is the producer? What was it originally called?

A

1951; Max Schubert; Penfolds; Grange Hermitage

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7
Q

Who makes ‘Hill of Grace’?

A

Henschke

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8
Q

When was Wine Australia created? What was the original name?

A

1981 as the Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation

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9
Q

Who introduced the Label Integrity Program for Australia? When?

A

Wine Australia introduced it in 1990

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10
Q

What are the minimum percentages for any Australian wines labeled with vintage, varietal or region?

A

85%

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11
Q

What are the requirements in Australia for listing multiple varieties on the label?

A

They must be listed in the order of proportion in the blend. All components making up a minimum of 85% of the blend must appear on the label. No listed grape may be in lower proportion than an unnamed varietal

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12
Q

How are regions in Australia defined by Wine Australia?

A

Geographical Indications (GIs)

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13
Q

How are the wine regions of Australia divided?

A

State -> Zone -> Region -> Sub-region

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14
Q

When did Wine Australia authorize the multistate zone of South Eastern Australia? What does it encompass?

A

1996; Includes all of Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales and the winegrowing areas of South Australia and Queensland

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15
Q

When and where were the first vineyards planted in Australia?

A

In New South Wales in 1788

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16
Q

What mountain range runs through New South Wales?

A

The Great Dividing Range

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17
Q

What is the Riverina region also known as?

A

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

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18
Q

What sides of the Great Dividing Range is Riverina?

A

West

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19
Q

Who is the producer of [yellow tail]? Where do they source most of their fruit?

A

Casella; Riverina

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20
Q

Who produces a Botrytised dessert wine in the Riverina?

A

De Bortoli- it is called ‘Noble One’

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21
Q

What is the climate of the Hunter region?

A

Subtropical- it has one of the warmest climates in Australia- mitigated by high amounts of humidity, rain and wind

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22
Q

What is Hunter Riesling?

A

Semillon

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23
Q

Name a top bottling of Hunter Riesling?

A

Vat 1 by Tyrrell

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24
Q

What are the popular grapes in the Hunter region?

A

Semillon and Verdelho as well as Shiraz and Cab Sauv

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25
Q

Where are the oldest Verdelho plantings in Australia?

A

Broke Fordwich, Hunter, Hunter zone, New South Wales, Australia

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26
Q

What are the soils of Broke Fordwich?

A

Sandy, alluvial soils

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27
Q

What is the climate of Canberra District region?

A

Continental

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28
Q

What is a top bottling of Canberra District region?

A

Clonakilla’s Canberra District Shiraz- co-fermented with a small percentage of Viognier

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29
Q

What is the climate of Tumbarumba GI?

A

Alpine, cool-climate

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30
Q

What is Tumbarumba GI known for?

A

Still and sparkling wines from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

*from the sun-drenched, basalt slopes of the Snowy Mountains.

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31
Q

What is the smallest and coolest state on Australia’s mainland?

A

Victoria

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32
Q

What cools coastal Victoria?

A

Sea breezes blowing up from Antarctica

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33
Q

What is the climate of the Port Phillip Zone around Melbourne?

A

Cool, maritime climate

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34
Q

What is Victoria’s oldest wine region?

A

The Yarra Valley GI

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35
Q

When did Moet & Chandon move into Australia? Where did they open up shop?

A

Moet & Chandon opened Australian Domaine Chandon in 1987 in the Yarra Valley GI

*In addition to Pinot Noir, elegant styles of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Shiraz (often co-fermented with Viognier, and generally called “Syrah”) are encouraging.

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36
Q

What are the two distinct soils of the Yarra Valley GI?

A
  • Grey-brown sandy loam

- Red basalt-derived

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37
Q

What is the climate of the Mornington Peninsula?

A

Profoundly maritime, even cooler and windier than the rest of Victoria (too cool for late-ripening grapes like Cab Sav)

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38
Q

What grapes are popular in the Mornington Peninsula?

A

Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay

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39
Q

What is the climate of the North East Victoria, North West Victoria and Central Victoria zones?

A

More continental, typified by a large diurnal swing, and North West Victoria is the hottest of the three

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40
Q

What two GI regions are shared between Victoria and New South Wales?

A

Murray Darling and Swan Hill

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41
Q

What are the most popular grapes of North West Victoria?

A

Chardonnay and Shiraz

Industrial Production

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42
Q

Where is the producer Tahbilk located? What are they known for?

A

Located in Central Victoria, they managed to protect their vineyards from Phylloxera and they produce their flagship Shiraz and Marsanne from vines planted in 1860.

  • Nagambie Lakes subregion of Goulburn Valley
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43
Q

What two regions within North East Victoria are known for sweet fortified wines?

A

Rutherglen and Glenrowan

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44
Q

Where is production concentrated within the state of South Australia?

A

In the lower southeastern sector of the state

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45
Q

What is the climate of Coonawarra?

A

Cool, maritime influenced

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46
Q

What region of Australia is often considered to producer the best Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Coonawarra, within the Limestone Coast in South Australia

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47
Q

Name three of the top bottlings coming from Coonawarra.

A

Marjella, Wynns’ “John Riddoch” and Parker Estate’s “First Growth”

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48
Q

What climatic concerns do producers in Coonawarra face?

A

Spring frosts

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49
Q

What is the soil of Coonawarra?

A

Terra rossa

*Australia’s best Cabernet Sauvignon defined by elegance, soft tannins, red fruit, and notes of eucalyptus

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50
Q

What is the soil of Padthaway GI?

A

Terra rossa and red-brown sandy loam

  • Similar style of Coonawarra Cabernet .

35% of its vineyards are planted to white grapes: Riesling, Pinot Grigio, and Chardonnay

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51
Q

What is the climate of Riverland GI?

A

Continental and hot with low rainfall, high soil salinity and water shortages.

*Bulk wines production

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52
Q

What is the climate of Fleurieu zone?

A

Essentially Mediterranean, tempered by Southern Ocean currents and Lake Alexandria

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53
Q

What are the popular grapes of McLaren Vale GI?

A

Cab Sauv and Rhone varietals

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54
Q

What are the top bottlings coming out of McLaren Vale GI?

A

D’Arenberg’s “Dead Arm” Shiraz
Yangarra’s “High Sands” Grenache
Drew Noon’s Grenache-based “Eclipse”
and the dry-farmed Clarendon Hill’s “Astralis” Shiraz

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55
Q

What is the southernmost region of Mount Lofty Ranges?

A

Adelaide Hills GI

*Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and sparkling wines retain good acidity in the region’s cool maritime climate.

56
Q

What is the climate of Adelaide Hills GI?

A

Cool, maritime cliamte

57
Q

Where are the most classic and ageworthy examples of Australian Riesling found?

A

Clare Valley GI

58
Q

What is the climate of Clare Valley GI?

A

Warmer, continental

59
Q

What is Clare Valley GI known for?

A

Riesling

60
Q

What are the two unofficial subregions of Clare Valley?

A

Watervale and Polish Hill River

61
Q

What soils characterize Clare Valley’s unofficial subzones of Watervale and Polish Hill River?

A

Limestone and broken slate, respectively

62
Q

Name a top producer from Clare Valley.

A

Grosset

63
Q

What is Australia’s most important region for Shiraz?

A

Barossa zone

*150 ys old vines like in Hunter Valley

64
Q

What is the capacity of the traditional American oak hogshead?

A

300 L

*some producers use French oak and co-fermented with Viognier

65
Q

Where is Penfolds based?

A

Barossa Valley

66
Q

Who are the top producers from Barossa Valley?

A

Penfolds (“Grange”), Torbreck, Peter Lehmann and Rockford

67
Q

What are the popular grapes of Eden Valley GI?

A

Riesling, Chardonnay, Viognier, Shiraz and Cab Sauv

68
Q

Who are the top producers coming from Eden Valley GI?

A

Yalumba, Pewsey Vale and Henschke (“Hill of Grace” and “Mount Edelstone” Shiraz)

69
Q

What is the most acclaimed appellation in Western Australia?

A

Margaret River GI

70
Q

What are the most popular grapes of Margaret River GI?

A

Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bordeaux Blends

71
Q

Who are the best known producers of Margaret River GI?

A

Cullen, Vasse Felix, Leeuwin Estate and Cape Mentelle

72
Q

What are the popular grapes of Mount Barker subregion?

A

Riesling, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon

73
Q

What is the hottest appellation in Australia?

A

Swan Valley GI (Greater Perth)

74
Q

What is the climate of Granite Belt?

A

Continental with plentiful summer rain, moderated by high altitude and cooler mountain air

75
Q

What are the popular grapes of Granite Belt?

A

Semillon and Shiraz

76
Q

What unofficial region of Queensland is likely to become the state’s third GI?

A

Darling Downs

77
Q

What is Australia’s coolest wine producing area?

A

Tasmania

78
Q

What are the popular grapes of Tasmania?

A

Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir and Cab Sauv

79
Q

Where does Pinot Noir flourish in Tasmania?

A

In the Pipers River area

80
Q

Where does Cabernet Sauvignon flourish in Tasmania?

A

in the Tamar Valley and Coal River areas

81
Q

What are the 6 states of Australia?

A
  • Western Australia
  • Queensland
  • Victoria
  • South Australia
  • New South Wales
  • Tasmania
82
Q

Western Australia Zones? (5)

A 
South West Australia
Greater Perth
Central Western Australia
West Australian South East Coastal
Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
83
Q

What are the regions of Greater Perth?

A
  • Peel
  • Perth Hills
  • Swan District
84
Q

What is the subzone of Swan District region?

A

Swan Valley

85
Q

What are the regions of the South West Australia zone?

A
  • Blackwood Valley
  • Geographe
  • Manjimup
  • Margaret River
  • Pemberton
  • Great Southern
86
Q

What are the subzones of the Great Southern region?

A
  • Albany
  • Denmark
  • Frankland River
  • Mount Barker
  • Porongurup
87
Q

What are the two regions of Queensland?

A
  • South Burnett

- Granite Belt

88
Q

What are the 6 zones of Victoria?

A
  • Central Victoria
  • Gippsland
  • North East Victoria
  • North West Victoria
  • Port Phillip
  • Western Victoria
89
Q

What are the regions of Central Victoria?

A
  • Bendigo
  • Goulburn Valley
  • Heathcote
  • Strathbogie Ranges
  • Upper Goulburn
90
Q

What is the subzone within Goulburn Valley?

A

Nagambie Lakes

91
Q

Where is Nagambie Lakes?

A

Goulburn Valley, Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia

92
Q

What are the regions of the North East Victoria zone?

A
  • Alpine Valleys
  • Beechworth
  • Glenrowan
  • King Valley
  • Rutherglen
93
Q

What are the two regions of the North West Victoria zone?

A
  • Murray Darling
  • Swan Hill

(sharing with NSW and Victoria)

94
Q

What are the regions of the Port Phillips zone?

A
  • Geelong
  • Macedon Ranges
  • Mornington Peninsula
  • Sunbury
  • Yarra Valley
95
Q

What are the regions within the Western Victoria zone?

A
  • Grampians
  • Henty
  • Pyrenees
96
Q

What is the subzone of Grampians?

A

Great Western

97
Q

Where is Great Western?

A

Grampians, Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia

98
Q

What are the 8 zones of New South Wales?

A
  • Big Rivers
  • Central Ranges
  • Hunter Valley
  • North Rivers
  • Northern Slopes
  • South Coast
  • Southern New South Wales
  • Western Plains
99
Q

What are the regions within the Big Rivers zone?

A
  • Murray Darling
  • Perricoota
  • Riverina
  • Swan Hill
100
Q

What are the regions within the Central Ranges zone?

A
  • Cowra
  • Mudgee
  • Orange
101
Q

Where is the Hunter Valley zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

102
Q

What is the region of the Hunter Valley zone?

A

Hunter

103
Q

What are the subregions of Hunter?

A
  • Broke Fordwich
  • Pokolbin
  • Upper Hunter Valley
104
Q

Where is the North Rivers zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

105
Q

What is the region within the North Rivers zone?

A

Hastings River

106
Q

What is the region within the Northern Slopes zone?

A

New England Australia

107
Q

What are the regions within the South Coast zone?

A
  • Shoalhaven Coast

- Southern Highlands

108
Q

What are the regions within the Southern New South Wales zone?

A
  • Canberra District
  • Tumbarumba
  • Hilltops
  • Gundagai
109
Q

Where is the Western Plains zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

110
Q

Where is the Adelaide superzone?

A

South Australia, Australia

111
Q

What are the zones of the Adelaide superzone?

A
  • Barossa
  • Fleurieu
  • Mount Lofty Ranges
112
Q

What are the regions of the Barossa zone?

A
  • Barossa Valley

- Eden Valley

113
Q

What is the subregion of Eden Valley?

A

High Eden

114
Q

Where is High Eden?

A

Eden Valley, Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

115
Q

What are the regions of the Fleurieu zone?

A
  • Currency Creek
  • Kangaroo Island
  • Langhorne Creek
  • McLaren Vale
  • Southern Fleurieu
116
Q

Where is Mount Lofty Ranges?

A

Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

117
Q

What are the regions of Mount Lofty Ranges?

A
  • Adelaide Hills
  • Adelaide Plains
  • Clare Valley
118
Q

Where is Adelaide Hills?

A

Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

*sub-regions: Picadily Valley & Lenswood

119
Q

Where is Lenswood?

A

Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

120
Q

Where is Picadily Valley?

A

Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

121
Q

Where is the Far North zone?

A

South Australia, Australia

122
Q

What is the sole region of the Far North ?

A

Southern Flinders Ranges

123
Q

Where is Southern Flinders Ranges?

A

Far North, South Australia, Australia

124
Q

Where is the Limestone Coast zone?

A

South Australia, Australia

125
Q

What are the regions within the Limestone Coast zone?

A
  • Coonawarra
  • Mount Benson
  • Padthaway
  • Robe
  • Wrattonbully
  • Mount Gambier
126
Q

Where is the Lower Murray zone?

A

South Australia, Australia

127
Q

What is the sole region within the Lower Murray zone?

A

Riverland

128
Q

Where is Riverland?

A

Lower Murray, South Australia, Australia

129
Q

Where is The Peninsulas zone?

A

South Australia, Australia

130
Q

What are the unofficial subregions of Northern Tasmania?

A
  • Pipes River
  • Tamar Valley
  • North West Coast
131
Q

What are the unofficial subregions of Southern Tasmania?

A
  • Derwent Valley
  • Huon Valley
  • Coal River/ Richmond
  • The East Coast (Canbrook/Bicheno area)
132
Q

Rutherglen style of sweet wines?

A
  • A fortified “Topaque” (formerly “Tokay”) style is produced from Muscadelle grapes.
  • Rutherglen’s aged, fortified Brown Muscat (Muscat à Petits Grains Rouge) wines are incredibly rich, sweet, and raisinated, with the more mature wines displaying marked rancio character.
133
Q

Rutherglen muscat?

A
  • Average age 3 - 5 years.

- Residual sweetness 180 - 240 grams per litre.

134
Q

Grand Rutherglen muscat?

A
  • Average age 11 - 19 years.

- Residual sweetness 270 - 400 grams per litre.

135
Q

Rare Rutherglen muscat?

A
  • Minimum age 20+ years.

- Residual sweetness 270 - 400 grams per litre.

136
Q

Rutherglen muscat classification?

A
  • Rutherglen muscat
  • Classic
  • Grand
  • Rare
137
Q

Rutherglen muscat classification?

A
  • Rutherglen (3-5 ys / 180-240 g/l)
  • Classic (6-10 ys / 200-280 g/l)
  • Grand (11-19 ys / 270-400 g/l)
  • Rare (20+ ys / 270-400g/l)

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