Australia Flashcards
1
Q
What are two key factors in South Australia’s rise to prominence?
A
1- Phylloxera (confined only to Victoria and New South Wales, led way for South Australia to emerge as the largest region of production) 2- Creation of the Commonwealth of Australia (federation brought a relaxation of the interstate trade barriers)
2
Q
Who developed bag-in-the-box technology?
A
Australians
3
Q
What two Adelaide based centers have helped to improve Austrialia’s understanding of wine?
A
The Australian Wine Research Institute and the Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
4
Q
Who did ‘flying winemakers’ originally refer to?
A
Winemakers from Australia
5
Q
Who developed the counterintuitive technique of minimal (zero) pruning?
A
CSIRO
6
Q
When was ‘Grange’ debuted? Who was the winemaker? Who is the producer? What was it originally called?
A
1951; Max Schubert; Penfolds; Grange Hermitage
7
Q
Who makes ‘Hill of Grace’?
A
Henschke
8
Q
When was Wine Australia created? What was the original name?
A
1981 as the Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation
9
Q
Who introduced the Label Integrity Program for Australia? When?
A
Wine Australia introduced it in 1990
10
Q
What are the minimum percentages for any Australian wines labeled with vintage, varietal or region?
A
85%
11
Q
What are the requirements in Australia for listing multiple varieties on the label?
A
They must be listed in the order of proportion in the blend. All components making up a minimum of 85% of the blend must appear on the label. No listed grape may be in lower proportion than an unnamed varietal
12
Q
How are regions in Australia defined by Wine Australia?
A
Geographical Indications (GIs)
13
Q
How are the wine regions of Australia divided?
A
State -> Zone -> Region -> Sub-region
14
Q
When did Wine Australia authorize the multistate zone of South Eastern Australia? What does it encompass?
A
1996; Includes all of Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales and the winegrowing areas of South Australia and Queensland
15
Q
When and where were the first vineyards planted in Australia?
A
In New South Wales in 1788
16
Q
What mountain range runs through New South Wales?
A
The Great Dividing Range
17
Q
What is the Riverina region also known as?
A
Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area
18
Q
What sides of the Great Dividing Range is Riverina?
A
West
19
Q
Who is the producer of [yellow tail]? Where do they source most of their fruit?
A
Casella; Riverina
20
Q
Who produces a Botrytised dessert wine in the Riverina?
A
De Bortoli- it is called ‘Noble One’
21
Q
What is the climate of the Hunter region?
A
Subtropical- it has one of the warmest climates in Australia- mitigated by high amounts of humidity, rain and wind
22
Q
What is Hunter Riesling?
A
Semillon
23
Q
Name a top bottling of Hunter Riesling?
A
Vat 1 by Tyrrell
24
Q
What are the popular grapes in the Hunter region?
A
Semillon and Verdelho as well as Shiraz and Cab Sauv
25
Where are the oldest Verdelho plantings in Australia?
Broke Fordwich, Hunter, Hunter zone, New South Wales, Australia
26
What are the soils of Broke Fordwich?
Sandy, alluvial soils
27
What is the climate of Canberra District region?
Continental
28
What is a top bottling of Canberra District region?
Clonakilla's Canberra District Shiraz- co-fermented with a small percentage of Viognier
29
What is the climate of Tumbarumba GI?
Alpine, cool-climate
30
What is Tumbarumba GI known for?
Still and sparkling wines from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
*from the sun-drenched, basalt slopes of the Snowy Mountains.
31
What is the smallest and coolest state on Australia's mainland?
Victoria
32
What cools coastal Victoria?
Sea breezes blowing up from Antarctica
33
What is the climate of the Port Phillip Zone around Melbourne?
Cool, maritime climate
34
What is Victoria's oldest wine region?
The Yarra Valley GI
35
When did Moet & Chandon move into Australia? Where did they open up shop?
Moet & Chandon opened Australian Domaine Chandon in 1987 in the Yarra Valley GI
*In addition to Pinot Noir, elegant styles of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Shiraz (often co-fermented with Viognier, and generally called "Syrah") are encouraging.
36
What are the two distinct soils of the Yarra Valley GI?
- Grey-brown sandy loam
| - Red basalt-derived
37
What is the climate of the Mornington Peninsula?
Profoundly maritime, even cooler and windier than the rest of Victoria (too cool for late-ripening grapes like Cab Sav)
38
What grapes are popular in the Mornington Peninsula?
Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay
39
What is the climate of the North East Victoria, North West Victoria and Central Victoria zones?
More continental, typified by a large diurnal swing, and North West Victoria is the hottest of the three
40
What two GI regions are shared between Victoria and New South Wales?
Murray Darling and Swan Hill
41
What are the most popular grapes of North West Victoria?
Chardonnay and Shiraz
| Industrial Production
42
Where is the producer Tahbilk located? What are they known for?
Located in Central Victoria, they managed to protect their vineyards from Phylloxera and they produce their flagship Shiraz and Marsanne from vines planted in 1860.
* Nagambie Lakes subregion of Goulburn Valley
43
What two regions within North East Victoria are known for sweet fortified wines?
Rutherglen and Glenrowan
44
Where is production concentrated within the state of South Australia?
In the lower southeastern sector of the state
45
What is the climate of Coonawarra?
Cool, maritime influenced
46
What region of Australia is often considered to producer the best Cabernet Sauvignon?
Coonawarra, within the Limestone Coast in South Australia
47
Name three of the top bottlings coming from Coonawarra.
Marjella, Wynns' "John Riddoch" and Parker Estate's "First Growth"
48
What climatic concerns do producers in Coonawarra face?
Spring frosts
49
What is the soil of Coonawarra?
Terra rossa
*Australia’s best Cabernet Sauvignon defined by elegance, soft tannins, red fruit, and notes of eucalyptus
50
What is the soil of Padthaway GI?
Terra rossa and red-brown sandy loam
* Similar style of Coonawarra Cabernet .
35% of its vineyards are planted to white grapes: Riesling, Pinot Grigio, and Chardonnay
51
What is the climate of Riverland GI?
Continental and hot with low rainfall, high soil salinity and water shortages.
*Bulk wines production
52
What is the climate of Fleurieu zone?
Essentially Mediterranean, tempered by Southern Ocean currents and Lake Alexandria
53
What are the popular grapes of McLaren Vale GI?
Cab Sauv and Rhone varietals
54
What are the top bottlings coming out of McLaren Vale GI?
D'Arenberg's "Dead Arm" Shiraz
Yangarra's "High Sands" Grenache
Drew Noon's Grenache-based "Eclipse"
and the dry-farmed Clarendon Hill's "Astralis" Shiraz
55
What is the southernmost region of Mount Lofty Ranges?
Adelaide Hills GI
*Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and sparkling wines retain good acidity in the region’s cool maritime climate.
56
What is the climate of Adelaide Hills GI?
Cool, maritime cliamte
57
Where are the most classic and ageworthy examples of Australian Riesling found?
Clare Valley GI
58
What is the climate of Clare Valley GI?
Warmer, continental
59
What is Clare Valley GI known for?
Riesling
60
What are the two unofficial subregions of Clare Valley?
Watervale and Polish Hill River
61
What soils characterize Clare Valley's unofficial subzones of Watervale and Polish Hill River?
Limestone and broken slate, respectively
62
Name a top producer from Clare Valley.
Grosset
63
What is Australia's most important region for Shiraz?
Barossa zone
*150 ys old vines like in Hunter Valley
64
What is the capacity of the traditional American oak hogshead?
300 L
*some producers use French oak and co-fermented with Viognier
65
Where is Penfolds based?
Barossa Valley
66
Who are the top producers from Barossa Valley?
Penfolds ("Grange"), Torbreck, Peter Lehmann and Rockford
67
What are the popular grapes of Eden Valley GI?
Riesling, Chardonnay, Viognier, Shiraz and Cab Sauv
68
Who are the top producers coming from Eden Valley GI?
Yalumba, Pewsey Vale and Henschke ("Hill of Grace" and “Mount Edelstone” Shiraz)
69
What is the most acclaimed appellation in Western Australia?
Margaret River GI
70
What are the most popular grapes of Margaret River GI?
Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bordeaux Blends
71
Who are the best known producers of Margaret River GI?
Cullen, Vasse Felix, Leeuwin Estate and Cape Mentelle
72
What are the popular grapes of Mount Barker subregion?
Riesling, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
73
What is the hottest appellation in Australia?
Swan Valley GI (Greater Perth)
74
What is the climate of Granite Belt?
Continental with plentiful summer rain, moderated by high altitude and cooler mountain air
75
What are the popular grapes of Granite Belt?
Semillon and Shiraz
76
What unofficial region of Queensland is likely to become the state's third GI?
Darling Downs
77
What is Australia's coolest wine producing area?
Tasmania
78
What are the popular grapes of Tasmania?
Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir and Cab Sauv
79
Where does Pinot Noir flourish in Tasmania?
In the Pipers River area
80
Where does Cabernet Sauvignon flourish in Tasmania?
in the Tamar Valley and Coal River areas
81
What are the 6 states of Australia?
- Western Australia
- Queensland
- Victoria
- South Australia
- New South Wales
- Tasmania
82
Western Australia Zones? (5)
```
South West Australia
Greater Perth
Central Western Australia
West Australian South East Coastal
Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
```
83
What are the regions of Greater Perth?
- Peel
- Perth Hills
- Swan District
84
What is the subzone of Swan District region?
Swan Valley
85
What are the regions of the South West Australia zone?
- Blackwood Valley
- Geographe
- Manjimup
- Margaret River
- Pemberton
- Great Southern
86
What are the subzones of the Great Southern region?
- Albany
- Denmark
- Frankland River
- Mount Barker
- Porongurup
87
What are the two regions of Queensland?
- South Burnett
| - Granite Belt
88
What are the 6 zones of Victoria?
- Central Victoria
- Gippsland
- North East Victoria
- North West Victoria
- Port Phillip
- Western Victoria
89
What are the regions of Central Victoria?
- Bendigo
- Goulburn Valley
- Heathcote
- Strathbogie Ranges
- Upper Goulburn
90
What is the subzone within Goulburn Valley?
Nagambie Lakes
91
Where is Nagambie Lakes?
Goulburn Valley, Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
92
What are the regions of the North East Victoria zone?
- Alpine Valleys
- Beechworth
- Glenrowan
- King Valley
- Rutherglen
93
What are the two regions of the North West Victoria zone?
- Murray Darling
- Swan Hill
(sharing with NSW and Victoria)
94
What are the regions of the Port Phillips zone?
- Geelong
- Macedon Ranges
- Mornington Peninsula
- Sunbury
- Yarra Valley
95
What are the regions within the Western Victoria zone?
- Grampians
- Henty
- Pyrenees
96
What is the subzone of Grampians?
Great Western
97
Where is Great Western?
Grampians, Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
98
What are the 8 zones of New South Wales?
- Big Rivers
- Central Ranges
- Hunter Valley
- North Rivers
- Northern Slopes
- South Coast
- Southern New South Wales
- Western Plains
99
What are the regions within the Big Rivers zone?
- Murray Darling
- Perricoota
- Riverina
- Swan Hill
100
What are the regions within the Central Ranges zone?
- Cowra
- Mudgee
- Orange
101
Where is the Hunter Valley zone?
New South Wales, Australia
102
What is the region of the Hunter Valley zone?
Hunter
103
What are the subregions of Hunter?
- Broke Fordwich
- Pokolbin
- Upper Hunter Valley
104
Where is the North Rivers zone?
New South Wales, Australia
105
What is the region within the North Rivers zone?
Hastings River
106
What is the region within the Northern Slopes zone?
New England Australia
107
What are the regions within the South Coast zone?
- Shoalhaven Coast
| - Southern Highlands
108
What are the regions within the Southern New South Wales zone?
- Canberra District
- Tumbarumba
- Hilltops
- Gundagai
109
Where is the Western Plains zone?
New South Wales, Australia
110
Where is the Adelaide superzone?
South Australia, Australia
111
What are the zones of the Adelaide superzone?
- Barossa
- Fleurieu
- Mount Lofty Ranges
112
What are the regions of the Barossa zone?
- Barossa Valley
| - Eden Valley
113
What is the subregion of Eden Valley?
High Eden
114
Where is High Eden?
Eden Valley, Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
115
What are the regions of the Fleurieu zone?
- Currency Creek
- Kangaroo Island
- Langhorne Creek
- McLaren Vale
- Southern Fleurieu
116
Where is Mount Lofty Ranges?
Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
117
What are the regions of Mount Lofty Ranges?
- Adelaide Hills
- Adelaide Plains
- Clare Valley
118
Where is Adelaide Hills?
Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
*sub-regions: Picadily Valley & Lenswood
119
Where is Lenswood?
Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
120
Where is Picadily Valley?
Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
121
Where is the Far North zone?
South Australia, Australia
122
What is the sole region of the Far North ?
Southern Flinders Ranges
123
Where is Southern Flinders Ranges?
Far North, South Australia, Australia
124
Where is the Limestone Coast zone?
South Australia, Australia
125
What are the regions within the Limestone Coast zone?
- Coonawarra
- Mount Benson
- Padthaway
- Robe
- Wrattonbully
- Mount Gambier
126
Where is the Lower Murray zone?
South Australia, Australia
127
What is the sole region within the Lower Murray zone?
Riverland
128
Where is Riverland?
Lower Murray, South Australia, Australia
129
Where is The Peninsulas zone?
South Australia, Australia
130
What are the unofficial subregions of Northern Tasmania?
- Pipes River
- Tamar Valley
- North West Coast
131
What are the unofficial subregions of Southern Tasmania?
- Derwent Valley
- Huon Valley
- Coal River/ Richmond
- The East Coast (Canbrook/Bicheno area)
132
Rutherglen style of sweet wines?
* A fortified “Topaque” (formerly "Tokay") style is produced from Muscadelle grapes.
* Rutherglen’s aged, fortified Brown Muscat (Muscat à Petits Grains Rouge) wines are incredibly rich, sweet, and raisinated, with the more mature wines displaying marked rancio character.
133
Rutherglen muscat?
- Average age 3 - 5 years.
| - Residual sweetness 180 - 240 grams per litre.
134
Grand Rutherglen muscat?
- Average age 11 - 19 years.
| - Residual sweetness 270 - 400 grams per litre.
135
Rare Rutherglen muscat?
- Minimum age 20+ years.
| - Residual sweetness 270 - 400 grams per litre.
136
Rutherglen muscat classification?
- Rutherglen muscat
- Classic
- Grand
- Rare
137
Rutherglen muscat classification?
- Rutherglen (3-5 ys / 180-240 g/l)
- Classic (6-10 ys / 200-280 g/l)
- Grand (11-19 ys / 270-400 g/l)
- Rare (20+ ys / 270-400g/l)
