Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phonetics > Sounds In Context > Flashcards

Sounds In Context Flashcards

1
Q

What is a phoneme?

A

Individual vowel and consonants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an allophone?

A

A variation in the production of a phoneme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What three elements affect the phonetic context?

A
  1. The sounds immediately before / after
  2. The sound’s position in the structure of the syllable
  3. The degree of stress on the syllable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is perseverative coarticulation?

A

L > R coarticulation

First segment affects the following segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is anticipatory coarticulation?

A

R > L coarticulation

Right segment affects the segment before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is both coarticulation?

A

R <> L coarticulation

Segment 2 affects segment 1 AND any following segments (e.g nasalisation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens if a vowel occurs next to a nasal consonant?

A

It will be nasalised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of coarticulation does nasalisation have?

A

Anticipatory and perseverative

  • Anticipatory is the stronger effect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What phonetic components does nasalisation apply to?

A

Sonorants only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is labalisation?

A

Added lip-rounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does labalisation occur?

A

When a consonant precedes a rounded vowel or an intrinsically rounded consonant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of coarticulation does labalisation have?

A

Anticipatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is labalisation predominantly primary or secondary articulation when applied to a consonant?

A

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the diacritic for labalisation?

A

kʷ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the diacritic for nasalisation?

A

ĩ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two types of place of articulation changes for velars?

A
  1. Advanced - before front vowels and /j/
  2. Retracted - before back vowels and /w/
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of coarticulation is a velar place of articulation change?

A

Anticipatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can alveolar stops be altered to by place of articulation changes?

A
  1. Dentalised (advanced) - before dental consonants
  2. Post-alveolar (retracted) - before post-alveolar consonants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of coarticulation change is an alveolar stop place of articulation change?

A

Anticipatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three stages of plosive production?

A
  1. Approach
  2. Hold
  3. Release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a homorganic (gemination) plosive?

A

When two plosives occur together that share the same place of articulation

  • The first plosive is unreleased (bad time)
22
Q

What is a heterorganic plosive?

A

When two plosives overlap

The release of the first plosive becomes inaudible

23
Q

When will plosives have a nasal release?

A

Before a homorganic nasal

[kɪdnⁿi]

24
Q

When will plosives or affricates have a nasal approach?

A

When a homorganic nasal precedes the plosive or the affricate

[hɪnⁿdʒ]

25
Q

What is a lateral release in a plosive?

A

When the sides of the tongue are lowered

26
Q

What is a lateral approach?

A

When the sides of the tongue rise to ensure complete oral closure

27
Q

Are vowels normally voiced or voiceless?

A

Voiced

28
Q

Give the properties of a voiceless consonant.

A
  1. No vocal fold vibration
  2. Aspirated or un-aspirated
29
Q

For what manner of consonant production does aspiration normally apply?

A

Plosives

30
Q

Give the phonetic properties of an un-aspirated plosive.

A
  1. Consonantal restriction is released
  2. Voicing starts immediately
31
Q

Give the general phonetic properties of an aspirated plosive.

A
  1. Consonantal restriction is released
  2. An interval of (30 - 50 ms) of air escaping through a relatively open glottis
  3. Voicing starts
32
Q

What is Voice Onset Time?

A

The interval between constriction release and voice onset

33
Q

What is aspiration?

A

Weak frication noise following consonantal release

34
Q

What are the characterisitcs of longer VOT?

A

Stronger aspiration

35
Q

When does negative VOT start?

A

Voicing starts BEFORE the constriction release

36
Q

When does zero VOT start?

A

Voicing starts at the point of constriction release

37
Q

When does positive VOT start?

A

Voicing starts AFTER constriction release

38
Q

What is the diacritic for aspiration?

A

pʰ

39
Q

What is the diacritic for devoicing?

A

d̥

40
Q

Why can some obstruents become devoiced?

A

Because there is nothing in front of it

[b̥iːd̥]

41
Q

What does fortis mean?

A

A strong breath flow

42
Q

What does lenis mean?

A

A weak breath flow

43
Q

What type of obstruents are usually described as fortis?

A

Voiceless obstruents

[p t k tʃ f θ s ʃ]

44
Q

What type of obstruents are usually described as lenis?

A

Usually voiced obstruents

[b d g dʒ v ð z ʒ]

45
Q

When does glottalisation occur?

A
  • Only in syllable final position
  • Unless preceded by a fricative
46
Q

When preceded by a fricative, what are the two types of glottalisation?

A
  1. Reinforcement - [wɪʔtʃ]
  2. Replacement - [‘tʃʌʔni]
47
Q

If you have a voiceless obstruent, what usually happens to the preceding vowel?

A

It is shortened

48
Q

If you have a voiced obstruent, what usually happens to the vowel preceding it?

A

It is lengthened

49
Q

In what position can aspirated stop consonants occur?

A
  • Singleton position (not a cluster)
  • At the beginning of a stressed syllable (appear, tidy)
50
Q

In what position do unaspirated stops occur?

A
  • After an [s] cluster (spin, stalk)
51
Q

In what position are ejectives usually heard?

A
  • Phrase finally (wait, look)
  • p’, t’, k’

Phonetics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions